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Plant Physiological Responses

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17 views9 pages

Plant Physiological Responses

Uploaded by

salceda.ricamae123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pla t P y iological

Re po e
Plant physiology encompasses the study of how plants function,
encompassing their internal workings, growth, and responses to their
environment. It is a fascinating field that delves into the intricate
processes that allow plants to survive, thrive, and adapt to diverse
conditions. From the intricate mechanisms of photosynthesis to the
delicate balance of hormones that regulate growth and development,
plant physiology unveils the remarkable complexity of life in the plant
kingdom.
P oto y t e i

1 Lig t-Depe de t Reactio 2 Calvi Cycle


The first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy The second stage, where carbon dioxide from the
is captured by chlorophyll in chloroplasts and atmosphere is fixed into organic molecules, using the
converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP chemical energy produced in the light-dependent
and NADPH. This stage also releases oxygen as a reactions. This process generates glucose, the plant's
byproduct. primary source of energy.

3 Factor Affecti g P oto y t e i 4 I porta ce


Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, Photosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth, as it
temperature, and water availability all influence the is the primary source of organic compounds and
rate of photosynthesis. Plants have evolved intricate oxygen that sustain all living organisms. It also plays a
mechanisms to optimize their photosynthetic vital role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide
efficiency under varying environmental conditions. levels.
Re piratio
Aerobic Re piratio A aerobic Re piratio I porta ce
The process of breaking down glucose The breakdown of glucose without Respiration provides the energy
in the presence of oxygen to release the presence of oxygen, generating a necessary for all plant processes,
energy in the form of ATP. This smaller amount of ATP. This process including growth, development, and
process occurs in the mitochondria is less efficient than aerobic nutrient uptake. It also plays a role in
and involves a series of complex respiration but essential for survival in maintaining the internal environment
biochemical reactions. oxygen-deficient environments. of the plant.
Tra piratio
Water Ab orptio
1 Water is absorbed from the soil through root hairs and
transported upward through the xylem vessels.

Tra piratio
Water vapor escapes from the plant through small pores
2
called stomata, primarily located on the underside of
leaves.

Factor Affecti g Tra piratio


Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity,
3 wind, and light intensity influence transpiration rates.
Plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate transpiration,
such as opening and closing stomata.

I porta ce
Transpiration plays a vital role in maintaining plant water
balance, creating a force for water transport from roots to
4
shoots, and cooling the plant down. It also contributes to
the movement of minerals and nutrients throughout the
plant.
Nutrie t Uptake
Nutrient Importance

Nitrogen Essential for protein synthesis,


chlorophyll production, and
overall growth.

Phosphorus Crucial for energy transfer, DNA


and RNA synthesis, and root
development.

Potassium Involved in water regulation,


photosynthesis, and enzyme
activation.

Calcium Essential for cell wall formation,


root development, and the
regulation of plant hormones.

Magnesium Required for chlorophyll


production and enzyme
activation.

Sulfur Essential for protein synthesis


and amino acid production.
Growt a d Develop e t

1 Ger i atio
The initial stage of plant development, where the seed imbibes water, activates enzymes, and emerges as a
seedling. This stage is heavily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and water availability.

2 Vegetative Growt
The stage of rapid growth and expansion, characterized by the development of roots, stems, and leaves. This
phase is dominated by cell division and expansion, fueled by photosynthesis and nutrient uptake.

3 Reproductive Growt
The stage where the plant shifts its resources towards flowering and seed production. This stage involves the
development of flowers, fruits, and seeds, ensuring the continuation of the plant's life cycle.

4 Se e ce ce
The final stage of plant development, characterized by the gradual decline in physiological activity and
eventual death of the plant. This stage is marked by the breakdown of cellular components and the
redistribution of resources to ensure the survival of future generations.
Hor o al Regulatio
Auxi Gibberelli
Promote cell elongation, root Stimulate stem elongation,
development, and apical seed germination, and
dominance. They also play a flowering. They also influence
role in phototropism and fruit development and leaf
gravitropism. expansion.

Cytoki i Ab ci ic Acid
Promote cell division, delay Acts as a stress hormone,
senescence, and regulate promoting dormancy,
shoot development. They also stomatal closure, and
interact with auxins to control regulating seed germination. It
apical dominance. also plays a role in drought
tolerance.
E viro e tal Stre Re po e

Droug t Stre Heat Stre Cold Stre Salt Stre


Plants respond to water Excessive temperatures can Low temperatures can slow Excess salts in the soil can
scarcity by closing stomata damage plant cells and down plant growth and disrupt water uptake and
to reduce water loss, disrupt metabolic processes. damage cell membranes. nutrient availability. Plants
producing stress hormones, Plants can mitigate heat Plants can respond to cold can adapt to salt stress by
and adjusting their growth stress by producing heat stress by producing accumulating solutes in
patterns to conserve water. shock proteins, increasing antifreeze proteins, their cells, altering root
transpiration, and adjusting accumulating sugars, and growth, and modifying their
their leaf orientation. altering their gene metabolism.
expression.
Practical Applicatio
1 Agriculture 2 Biotec ology
Understanding plant Plant physiology plays a key
physiology is crucial for role in developing new crops
optimizing crop yields, with enhanced nutritional
improving nutrient value, disease resistance,
utilization, and developing and environmental
drought-resistant varieties. tolerance. Biotechnology
Techniques such as applications, such as gene
precision agriculture and editing and synthetic
genetic modification utilize biology, are transforming
insights from plant agriculture and food
physiology. production.

3 E viro e tal Co ervatio


Plant physiology informs strategies for restoring degraded
ecosystems, managing invasive species, and mitigating climate
change. Understanding how plants respond to environmental
stresses is crucial for conserving biodiversity and ensuring
ecosystem resilience.

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