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Measure Association Quiz

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35 views4 pages

Measure Association Quiz

Uploaded by

DoctorMoody
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Measure Association Quiz

1. A cohort study of smoking and lung cancer was conducted in a small island
population. There were a total of 1,000 people in the study, and the study was
conducted over a ten year period. Four hundred were smokers and 600 were
not. Of the smokers, fifty developed lung cancer. Of the non-smokers, 10
developed lung cancer. In order to measure the strength of association between
smoking and lung cancer in this population, which measure of exposure-
disease association would you use?
A. Risk ratio
B. Risk difference
C. Odds ratio
D. Attack rate

2. In the previous cohort study examining the association between smoking and
lung cancer, suppose the risk ratio = 17. How would you interpret this relative
risk in words?
A. There were 17 more cases of lung cancer in the smokers.
B. Smokers had 17% more lung cancers compared to non-smokers.
C. Smokers had 17 times the risk of lung cancer compared to non-smokers.
D. 17% of the lung cancers in smokers were due to smoking.

3. A cohort study of smoking and lung cancer was conducted in a small island
population. There were a total of 1,000 people in the study, and the study was
conducted over a ten year period. Four hundred were smokers and 600 were
not. Of the smokers, fifty developed lung cancer. Of the non-smokers, 10
developed lung cancer.
Calculate the risk ratio in this study to one decimal place and enter your numeric
answer.

4. In this cohort study on the association between smoking and lung cancer, what
measure of association would you use if you wanted to emphasize the public
health impact of smoking?
A. Risk ratio B. Risk difference (attributable risk)
C. Cumulative incidence
D. Prevalence

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E. Rate ratio
F. Odds ratio

5. Calculate the risk difference for the island study on smoking.


A. 7.5
B. 108 per 1,000 population over a ten year period
C. 0.108 per 1,000
D. 0.125 per 1,000
E. 0.017 per 1,000

6. If the risk difference in the cohort study on smoking and lung cancer had been
69 per 1,000 population over a ten year period, how would you interpret this
result in words?
A. If smoking is a cause of lung cancer, then 69 cases of lung cancer will occur
in a ten-year period .
B. If smoking is a cause of lung cancer, then 69 cases of lung cancer will occur
in a ten-year period in a population of 1,000 smokers.
C. Smokers have 69 times more cancer than non-smokers over a 10 year
period.
D. If smoking is a cause of lung cancer, then smoking caused 69 excess cases
of lung cancer in a ten-year period in a population of 1,000 smokers.

7. What is the attributable proportion among the exposed for the island study on
smoking? Round your answer to the nearest whole % and enter just the
number, e.g., if the answer is 14%, just enter 14.

8. Suppose that in the cohort study on smoking and lung cancer, the attributable
proportion among the exposed had been 79%. Which of the following would be
the best interpretation of this result?
A. Smokers have 79% more lung cancer.
B. Non-smokers have 79% less lung cancer.
C. 79% of all lung cancers in the population are attributable to smoking.
D. 79% of the lung cancers occurring in smokers can be attributed to their
smoking

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9. A pharmacist noticed an increase in the sale of anti-diarrhea medications and
contacted the local Department of Public Health. An investigation revealed that
most of those who developed diarrhea had attended a wedding the previous
weekend. After interviewing those who had attended the wedding, the
investigators believed that a cream sauce used in the pasta may have been the
source of the outbreak. There were 332 people at the wedding. Of the 285 who
chose pasta, 197 became ill, while only 8 of those who did not eat pasta became
ill. What is the value of the appropriate measure of association?
A. 1.0
B. 4.06
C. 0.83
D. None of the above

10. Table 1 illustrated the explanatory Variables for Patients with Oropharyngeal
Cancer and Control Patients. Which of the following is the best interpretation of
the odds ratio of 5.4 for those who did not brush their teeth every day?
Table 1

(N Engl J Med 2007;356:1944-56(

A. Oropharyngeal cancer occurred in 5.4% of those who did not brush their
teeth daily.
B. The prevalence of not brushing among people with oropharyngeal cancer
was 5.4%.
C. The prevalence of not brushing among people without oropharyngeal cancer
was 5.4%.
D. Subjects who did not brush their teeth on a daily basis had 5.4 times the risk
of oropharyngeal cancer compared to those who brushed daily

11. If a cohort study is conducted to assess the association between an exposure


and an outcome, but there is no association at all, what would the value of the
attributable proportion in the exposed be?

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12. There are differences in vegetable consumption between subjects with
colorectal cancer and those who do not have cancer. Using subjects with low
vegetable consumption as the reference group, what is the odds ratio for high
vegetable consumption? Which number is closest to the odds ratio?

A. 0.68
B. 1.47
C. 0.82
D. 1.22
E. 0.28

13. From the CDC’s MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Jan. 13, 2006:
In May 2004 MA DPH investigated an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness among
students in grades 1-6 who ate lunch at a school in Suffolk County. Symptoms
included nausea, headache, abdominal cramps, fatigue, dizziness, and
vomiting. The investigation focused on 187 students who ate in the school
cafeteria, 36 of whom became ill shortly after lunch. Fajitas were among the
suspected foods. Among the ill students, 17 had eaten fajitas. Among the
students who did not become ill, 25 had eaten fajitas.

Calculate the appropriate measure of association that focuses on the strength


of the association using the subjects who ate fajitas as the “exposed” group,
and use the subjects who did not eat fajitas as the “unexposed group.

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