Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -

Isosceles Triangle

Exercise 10(A)
1. In the figure alongside,

AB = AC
∠A = 48o and
∠ACD = 18o.
Show that BC = CD.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have
∠BAC + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 1800
480 + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 1800
But, ∠ACB = ∠ABC [Given, AB = AC]
2∠ABC = 1800 - 480
2∠ABC = 1320
∠ABC = 660 = ∠ACB ……(i)
∠ACB = 660
∠ACD + ∠DCB = 660
180 + ∠DCB = 660
∠DCB = 480 ………(ii)
Now, In ∆DCB,
∠DBC = 660 [From (i), Since ∠ABC = ∠DBC]
∠DCB = 48 0 [From (ii)]
∠BDC = 1800 - 480 - 660
∠BDC = 660
Since ∠BDC = ∠DBC
Therefore, BC = CD
Equal angles have equal sides opposite to them.

2. Calculate:
(i) ∠ADC
(ii) ∠ABC
(iii) ∠BAC
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Solution:

Given: ∠ACE = 1300; AD = BD = CD

Proof:
(i) ∠ACD + ∠ACE = 180o [DCE is a straight line]
∠ACD = 180 – 130
o o

∠ACD = 50o
Now,
CD = AD
∠ACD = ∠DAC = 50o … (i) [Since angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
In ∆ADC,
∠ACD = ∠DAC = 50o
∠ACD + ∠DAC + ∠ADC = 180o
50o + 50o + ∠ADC = 180o
∠ADC = 180o – 100o
∠ADC = 80o

(ii) ∠ADC = ∠ABD + ∠DAB [Exterior angle is equal to sum of opposite interior angles]
But, AD = BD
∴ ∠DAB=∠ABD
80o = ∠ABD + ∠ABD
2∠BD = 80O
∠ABD = 40O = ∠DAB … (ii)

(iii) We have,
∠BAC = ∠DAB + ∠DAC
Substituting the values from (i) and (ii),
∠BAC = 40O + 50O
Hence, ∠BAC = 90O

3. In the following figure, AB = AC; BC = CD and DE is parallel to BC. Calculate:

(i) ∠CDE
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

(ii) ∠DCE

Solution:

Given, ∠FAB = 128O

∠BAC + ∠FAB = 180O [As FAC is a straight line]
∠BAC = 180O – 128O
∠BAC = 52O

In ∆ABC, we have
∠A = 52O
∠B = ∠C [Given AB = AC and angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now, by angle sum property
∠A + ∠B + ∠C =180O
∠A + ∠B + ∠B = 180O
52O+ 2∠B = 180O
2∠B = 128O
∠B = 64O = ∠C… (i)
∠B = ∠ADE [Given DE ll BC]

(i) Now, ∠ADE + ∠CDE + ∠B = 180O [As ADB is a straight line]

64O + ∠CDE + 64O= 180O
∠CDE = 180O+ 128O
∠CDE = 52O

(ii) Given DE ll BC and DC is the transversal

∠CDE = ∠DCB = 52o… (ii)
Also, ∠ECB = 64o… [From (i)]
But,
∠ECB = ∠DCE +∠DCB
64o = ∠DCE + 52o
∠DCE = 64o - 52o
∠DCE = 12o
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

4. Calculate x:

Solution:

(i) Let the triangle be ABC and the altitude be AD.

In ∆ABD, we have
∠DBA = ∠DAB = 37o [Given BD = AD and angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now,
∠CDA = ∠DBA + ∠DAB [Exterior angle is equal to the sum of opposite interior angles]
∠CDA = 37o + 37o
∴ ∠CDA = 74o

Now, in ∆ADC, we have

∠CDA = ∠CAD = 74o [Given CD = AC and angels opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now, by angle sum property
∠CAD + ∠CDA + ∠ACD = 180o
74o + 74o + x = 180o
x = 180o - 148o
x = 32o

(ii) Let triangle be ABC and altitude be AD.

 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

In ∆ABD, we have
∠DBA = ∠DAB = 50o [Given BD = AD and angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now,
∠CDA = ∠DBA + ∠DAB [Exterior angle is equal to the sum of opposite interior angles]
∠CDA = 50o + 50o
∴ ∠CDA = 100o

In ∆ADC, we have
∠DAC = ∠DCA = x [Given AD = DC and angels opposite to equal sides are equal]
So, by angle sum property
∠DAC + ∠DCA + ∠ADC = 180o
x + x + 100o = 180o
2x = 80o
x = 40o

5. In the figure, given below, AB = AC. Prove that: ∠BOC = ∠ACD.

Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Let’s assume ∠ABO = ∠OBC = x and ∠ACO = ∠OCB = y

In ABC, we have
∠BAC = 180o - 2x - 2y…(i)
As, ∠B = ∠C [Since, AB = AC]
½ ∠B = ½ ∠C
⇒x=y
Now,
∠ACD = 2x + ∠BAC [Exterior angle is equal to sum of opposite interior angle]
= 2x + 180o - 2x - 2y [From (i)]
∠ACD = 180 - 2y… (ii)
o

In ∆OBC, we have
∠BOC = 180o - x - y
∠BOC = 180o - y – y [Since x = y]
∠BOC = 180 - 2y… (iii)
o

Thus, from (ii) and (iii) we get

∠BOC = ∠ACD

6. In the figure given below, LM = LN; ∠PLN = 110o. Calculate:

 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

(i) ∠LMN
(ii) ∠MLN
Solution:

Given, LM = LN and ∠PLN = 110o

(i) We know that the sum of the measure of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360 o.
In quad. PQNL,
∠QPL + ∠PLN +LNQ + ∠NQP = 360o
90o + 110o + ∠LNQ + 90o = 360o
∠LNQ = 360o – 290o
∠LNQ = 70o
∠LNM = 70o… (i)
In ∆LMN, we have
LM = LN [Given]
⇒ ∠LNM = ∠LMN [ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
∠LMN = 70o…(ii) [From (i)]

(ii) In ∆LMN, we have

∠LMN + ∠LNM + ∠MLN = 180o
But, ∠LNM = ∠LMN = 70o [From (i) and (ii)]
⇒ 70o + 70o + ∠MLN = 180o
∠MLN = 180o - 140o
∴ ∠MLN = 40o

7. An isosceles triangle ABC has AC = BC. CD bisects AB at D and ∠CAB = 55o.

Find: (i) ∠DCB (ii) ∠CBD.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have
AC = BC [Given]
So, ∠CAB = ∠CBD [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
⇒ ∠CBD = 55o
In ∆ABC, we have
∠CBA + ∠CAB + ∠ACB = 180o
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

But, ∠CAB = ∠CBA = 55o

55o + 55o + ∠ACB = 180o
∠ACB = 180o - 110o
∠ACB = 70o
Now,
In ∆ACD and ∆BCD, we have
AC = BC [Given]
CD = CD [Common]
AD = BD [Given that CD bisects AB]
∴ ∆ACD ≅ ∆BCD
So, By CPCT
∠DCA = ∠DCB
∠DCB = ∠ACB/2 = 70o/2
Thus, ∠DCB = 35o

8. Find x:

Solution:
Let’s put markings to the figure as following:

In ∆ABC, we have
AD = AC [Given]
∴ ∠ADC = ∠ACD [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
So, ∠ADC = 42o
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Now,
∠ADC = ∠DAB + DBA [Exterior angle is equal to the sum of opposite interior angles]
But,
∠DAB = ∠DBA [Given: BD = DA]
∴ ∠ADC = 2∠DBA
2∠DBA = 42o
∠DBA = 21o
To find x:
x = ∠CBA + ∠BCA [Exterior angle is equal to the sum of opposite interior angles]
We know that,
∠CBA = 21o
∠BCA = 42o
⇒ x = 21o + 42o
∴ x = 63o

9. In the triangle ABC, BD bisects angle B and is perpendicular to AC. If the lengths of
the sides of the triangle are expressed in terms of x and y as shown, find the values of x
and y.

Solution:

In ∆ABC and ∆DBC, we have

BD = BD [Common]
∠BDA = ∠BDC [Each equal to 90o]
∠ABD = ∠DBC [BD bisects ∠ABC]
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆DBC [ASA criterion]
Therefore, by CPCT
AD = DC
x+1=y+2
x = y + 1… (i)
And, AB = BC
3x + 1 = 5y - 2
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Substituting the value of x from (i), we get

3(y+1) + 1 = 5y - 2
3y + 3 + 1 = 5y – 2
3y + 4 = 5y – 2
2y = 6
y=3
Putting y = 3 in (i), we get
x=3+1
∴x=4

10. In the given figure; AE // BD, AC // ED and AB = AC. Find ∠a, ∠b and ∠c.

Solution:

Let’s assume points P and Q as shown below:

Given, ∠PDQ = 58o

∠PDQ = ∠EDC = 58o [Vertically opposite angles]
∠EDC = ∠ACB = 58 o [Corresponding angles ∵ AC ll ED]
In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠ACB = ∠ABC = 58o [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Now,
∠ACB + ∠ABC + ∠BAC = 180o
58o + 58o + a = 180o
∠a = 180o - 116o
∠a = 64o
Since, AE ll BD and AC is the transversal
∠ABC = ∠b [Corrosponding angles]
∴ ∠b = 58o
Also, since AE ll BD and ED is the transversal
∠EDC = ∠c [Corrosponding angles]
∴ ∠c = 58 o

11. In the following figure; AC = CD, AD = BD and ∠C = 58o.

Find ∠CAB.
Solution:

In ∆ACD, we have
AC = CD [Given]
∴ ∠CAD = ∠CDA [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
And,
∠ACD = 58o [Given]
By angle sum property, we have
∠ACD + ∠CDA + ∠CAD = 180o
58o + 2∠CAD = 180o
2∠CAD = 122o
∠CAD = ∠CDA = 61o… (i)
Now,
∠CDA = ∠DAB + ∠DBA [Exterior angles is equal to sum of opposite interior angles]
But,
∠DAB = ∠DBA [Given, AD = DB]
So, ∠DAB + ∠DAB = ∠CDA
2∠DAB = 61o
∠DAB = 30.5o… (ii)
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

In ∆ABC, we have
∠CAB = ∠CAD + ∠DAB
∠CAB = 61o + 30.5o [From (i) and (ii)]
∴ ∠CAB = 91.5 o

12. In the figure of Q.11 is given above, if AC = AD = CD = BD; find angle ABC.

Solution:

In ∆ACD, we have
AC = AD = CD [Given]
Hence, ACD is an equilateral triangle
∴ ∠ACD = ∠CDA = ∠CAD = 60o
Now,
∠CDA = ∠DAB + ∠ABD [Exterior angle is equal to sum of opposite interior angles]
But,
∠DAB = ∠ABD [Given, AD = DB]
So, ∠ABD + ∠ABD = ∠CDA
2∠ABD = 60o
∴ ∠ABD = ∠ABC = 30o

13. In ∆ABC; AB = AC and ∠A: ∠B = 8: 5; find ∠A.

Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Let, ∠A = 8x and ∠B = 5x

Given, In ∆ABC
AB = AC
So, ∠B = ∠C = 5x [Angles opp. to equal sides are equal]
Now, by angle sum property
∠A + ∠B +C = 180o
8x + 5x + 5x = 180o
18x = 180o
x = 10o
Thus, as ∠A = 8x
∠A = 8 × 10o
∴ ∠A = 80o

14. In triangle ABC; ∠A = 60o, ∠C = 40o, and bisector of angle ABC meets side AC at
point P. Show that BP = CP.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have
∠A = 60o
∠C = 40o
∴ ∠B = 180o - 60o - 40o [By angle sum property]
∠B = 80 o

Now, as BP is the bisector of ∠ABC

 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

∴ ∠PBC = ∠ABC/2
∠PBC = 40o
In ∆PBC, we have
∠PBC = ∠PCB = 40o
∴ BP = CP [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]

15. In triangle ABC; angle ABC = 90o and P is a point on AC such that ∠PBC = ∠PCB.
Show that: PA = PB.
Solution:

Let’s assume ∠PBC = ∠PCB = x

In the right-angled triangle ABC,
∠ABC = 90o
∠ACB = x
∠BAC = 180o - (90o + x) [By angle sum property]
∠BAC = (90o - x) …(i)
And
∠ABP = ∠ABC - ∠PBC
∠ABP = 90o – x …(ii)
Thus, in the ∆ABP from (i) and (ii), we have
∠BAP = ∠ABP
Therefore, PA = PB [sides opp. to equal angles are equal]

16. ABC is an equilateral triangle. Its side BC is produced upto point E such that C is
mid-point of BE. Calculate the measure of angles ACE and AEC.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Given, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle

So, AB = BC = AC
∠ABC = ∠CAB = ∠ACB = 60o
Now, as sum of two non-adjacent interior angles of a triangle is equal to the exterior angle
∠CAB + ∠CBA = ∠ACE
60o + 60o = ∠ACE
∠ACE = 120o
Now,
∆ACE is an isosceles triangle with AC = CF
∠EAC = ∠AEC
By angle sum property, we have
∠EAC + ∠AEC + ∠ACE = 180o
2∠AEC + 120o = 180o
2∠AEC = 180o - 120o
∠AEC = 30o

17. In triangle ABC, D is a point in AB such that AC = CD = DB. If ∠B = 28°, find the angle
ACD.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

From given, we get

∆DBC is an isosceles triangle
⇒ CD = DB
∠DBC = ∠DCB [If two sides of a triangle are equal, then angles opposites to them are equal]
And, ∠B = ∠DBC = ∠DCB = 28o
By angle sum property, we have
∠DCB + ∠DBC + ∠BCD = 180o
28o + 28o + ∠BCD = 180o
∠BCD = 180o - 56o
∠BCD = 124o
As sum of two non-adjacent interior angles of a triangle is equal to the exterior angle, we have
∠DBC + ∠DCB = ∠DAC
28o + 28o = 56o
∠DAC = 56o
Now,
∆ACD is an isosceles triangle with AC = DC
⇒ ∠ADC = ∠DAC = 56o
∠ADC + ∠DAC +∠DCA = 180o [By angle sum property]
56o + 56o + ∠DCA = 180o
∠DCA = 180o - 112o
∠DCA = 64o
Thus, ∠ACD = 64o

18. In the given figure, AD = AB = AC, BD is parallel to CA and ∠ACB = 65°. Find ∠DAC.

Solution:

From figure, it’s seen that

∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC
⇒ ∠ACB = ∠ABC
As ∠ACB = 65o [Given]
∴ ∠ABC = 65 o

By angle sum property, we have

∠ACB + ∠CAB + ∠ABC = 180o
65o + 65o + ∠CAB = 180o
∠CAB = 180o - 130o
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

∠CAB = 50o
As BD is parallel to CA, we have
∠CAB = ∠DBA as they are alternate angles
⇒ ∠CAB = ∠DBA = 50o

Again, from figure, it’s seen that

∆ADB is an isosceles triangle with AD = AB.
⇒ ∠ADB = ∠DBA = 50o
By angle sum property, we have
∠ADB + ∠DAB + ∠DBA = 180o
50o + ∠DAB + 50o = 180o
∠DAB = 180o - 100o
∠DAB = 80o
Now,
∠DAC = ∠CAB + ∠DAB
∠DAC = 50o - 80o
∠DAC = 130o

19. Prove that a triangle ABC is isosceles, if:

(i) altitude AD bisects angles BAC, or
(ii) bisector of angle BAC is perpendicular to base BC.
Solution:

(i) In ΔABC, if the altitude AD bisect ∠BAC.

Then, to prove: ΔABC is isosceles.

In ΔADB and ΔADC, we have

∠BAD = ∠CAD (AD is bisector of ∠BAC)
AD = AD (Common)
∠ADB = ∠ADC (Each equal to 90°)
Therefore, ΔADB ≅ ΔADC by ASA congruence criterion
So, by CPCT
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

AB = AC
Hence, ΔABC is an isosceles.

(ii) In Δ ABC, the bisector of ∠BAC is perpendicular to the base BC.

Then, to prove: ΔABC is isosceles.

In ΔADB and ΔADC,

∠BAD = ∠CAD (AD is bisector of ∠BAC)
AD = AD (Common)
∠ADB = ∠ADC (Each equal to 90°)
Therefore, ΔADB ≅ ΔADC by ASA congruence criterion
Thus, by CPCT
AB = AC
Hence, ΔABC is an isosceles.

20. In the given figure; AB = BC and AD = EC.

Prove that: BD = BE.
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Solution:

In ΔABC, we have
AB = BC (Given)
So, ∠BCA = ∠BAC (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal)
⇒ ∠BCD = ∠BAE ….(i)
Given, AD = EC
AD + DE = EC + DE (Adding DE on both sides)
⇒ AE = CD ….(ii)
Now, in ΔABE and ΔCBD, we have
AB = BC (Given)
∠BAE = ∠BCD [From (i)]
AE = CD [From (ii)]
Therefore, ΔABE ≅ ΔCBD by SAS congruence criterion
So, by CPCT
BE = BD
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Exercise 10(B)
1. If the equal sides of an isosceles triangle are produced, prove that the exterior angles
so formed are obtuse and equal.
Solution:

Construction: AB is produced to D and AC is produced to E so that exterior angles ∠DBC and

∠ECB are formed.

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠C = ∠B …(i) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Since, ∠B and ∠C are acute they cannot be right angles or obtuse angles
Now,
∠ABC + ∠DBC = 1800 [ABD is a straight line]
∠DBC = 1800 - ∠ABC
∠DBC = 1800 - ∠B …(ii)
Similarly,
∠ACB + ECB = 1800 [ABD is a straight line]
∠ECB = 1800 - ∠ACB
∠ECB = 1800 - ∠C …(iii)
∠ECB = 1800 - ∠B …(iv) [from (i) and (iii)]
∠DBC = ∠ECB [from (ii) and (iv)]
Now,
∠DBC = 1800 - ∠B
But, ∠B is an acute angle
⇒ ∠DBC = 1800 – (acute angle) = obtuse angle
Similarly,
∠ECB = 1800 - ∠C
But, ∠C is an acute angle
⇒ ∠ECB = 1800 – (acute angle) = obtuse angle
Therefore, exterior angles formed are obtuse and equal.
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

2. In the given figure, AB = AC. Prove that:

(i) DP = DQ
(ii) AP = AQ
(iii) AD bisects ∠A
Solution:

Construction: Join AD.

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠C = ∠B …(i) [ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
(i) In ∆BPD and ∆CQD, we have
∠BPD = ∠CQD [Each = 90o]
∠B = ∠C [Proved]
BD = DC [Given]
Thus, ∆BPD ≅ ∆CQD by AAS congruence criterion
∴ DP = DQ by CPCT

(ii) Since, ∆BPD ≅ ∆CQD

Therefore, BP = CQ [CPCT]
Now,
AB = AC [Given]
AB - BP = AC - CQ
AP = AQ

(iii) In ∆APD and ∆AQD, we have

 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

DP = DQ [Proved]
AD = AD [Common]
AP = AQ [Proved]
Thus, ∆APD ≅ ∆AQD by SSS congruence criterion
∠PAD = ∠QAD by CPCT
Hence, AD bisects angle A.

3. In triangle ABC, AB = AC; BE ⊥ AC and CF ⊥ AB. Prove that:

(i) BE = CF
(ii) AF = AE
Solution:

(i) In ∆AEB and ∆AFC, we have

∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠AEB = ∠AFC = 90 o [ Given : BE ⊥ AC and CE ⊥ AB]
AB = AC [Given]
Thus, ∆AEB ≅ ∆AFC by AAS congruence criterion
∴ BE = CF by CPCT

(ii) Since, ∆AEB ≅ ∆AFC

∠ABE = ∠AFC
∴ AF= AE by CPCT

4. In isosceles triangle ABC, AB = AC. The side BA is produced to D such that BA = AD.
Prove that: ∠BCD = 90o
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Construction: Join CD.

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠C = ∠B … (i) [ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
In ∆ACD, we have
AC = AD [Given]
∴ ∠ADC = ∠ACD … (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
∠B + ∠ADC = ∠C + ∠ACD
∠B + ∠ADC = ∠BCD … (iii)
In ∆BCD, we have
∠B + ∠ADC +∠BCD = 180o
∠BCD + ∠BCD = 180o [From (iii)]
2∠BCD = 180o
∴ ∠BCD = 90o

5. (i) In ∆ABC, AB = AC and ∠A= 36°. If the internal bisector of ∠C meets AB at point D,
prove that AD = BC.
(ii) If the bisector of an angle of a triangle bisects the opposite side, prove that the
triangle is isosceles.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Given, AB = AC and ∠A = 36o

So, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle.
∠B = ∠C = (1800 – 36o)/2 = 72o
∠ACD = ∠BCD = 36o [∵ CD is the angle bisector of ∠C]
Now, ∆ADC is an isosceles triangle as ∠DAC = ∠DCA = 36o
∴ AD = CD …(i)
In ∆DCB, by angle sum property we have
∠CDB = 180o – (∠DCB + ∠DBC)
= 180o – (36o + 72o)
= 180o - 108o
= 72o
Now, ∆DCB is an isosceles triangle as ∠CDB = ∠CBD = 72o
∴ DC = BC …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AD = BC
- Hence Proved.

6. Prove that the bisectors of the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠C = ∠B …(i) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
½∠C = ½∠B
⇒ ∠BCF = ∠CBE …(ii)
Now, in ∆BCE and ∆CBF, we have
∠C = ∠B [From (i)]
∠BCF = ∠CBE [From (ii)]
BC = BC [Common]
∴ ∆BCE ≅ ∆CBF by AAS congruence criterion
Thus, BE = CF by CPCT

7. In the given figure, AB = AC and ∠DBC = ∠ECB = 90o

Prove that:
(i) BD = CE
(ii) AD = AE
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠ACB = ∠ABC [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠ACB … (i)
∠DBC = ∠ECB = 90o [Given]
⇒ ∠DBC = ∠ECB …(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
∠DCB - ∠ABC = ∠ECB - ∠ACB
∠DBA = ∠ECA … (iii)
Now,
In ΔDBA and ΔECA, we have
∠DBA = ∠ECA [From (iii)]
∠DAB = ∠EAC [Vertically opposite angles]
AB = AC [Given]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

∴ ΔDBA ≅ ΔECA by ASA congruence criterion

Thus, by CPCT
BD = CE
And, also
AD = AE

8. ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same side of BC. Prove that:
(i) DA (or AD) produced bisects BC at right angle.
(ii) ∠BDA = ∠CDA.
Solution:

DA is produced to meet BC in L
In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠ACB = ∠ABC … (i) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
In ∆DBC, we have
DB = DC [Given]
∴ ∠DCB = ∠DBC … (ii) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
∠DCB - ∠ACB = ∠DBC - ∠ABC
∠DCA = ∠DBA …(iii)

Now,
In ∆DBA and ∆DCA, we have
DB = DC [Given]
∠DBA = ∠DCA [From (iii)]
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∆DBA ≅ ∆DCA by SAS congruence criterion
∠BDA = ∠CDA …(iv) [By CPCT]
In ∆DBA, we have
∠BAL = ∠DBA + ∠BDA …(v) [Exterior angle = sum of opposite interior angles]
From (iii), (iv) and (v), we get
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

∠BAL = ∠DCA + ∠CDA …(vi) [Exterior angle = sum of opposite interior angles]
In ∆DCA, we have
∠CAL = ∠DCA + ∠CDA …(vi)
From (vi) and (vii)
∠BAL = ∠CAL …(viii)

In ∆BAL and ∆CAL,

∠BAL = ∠CAL [From (viii)]
∠ABL = ∠ACL [From (i)
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∆BAL ≅ ∆CAL by ASA congruence criterion
So, by CPCT
∠ALB = ∠ALC
And, BL = LC …(ix)
Now,
∠ALB + ∠ALC = 180o
∠ALB + ∠ALB = 180o [Using (ix)]
2∠ALB = 180o
∠ALB = 90o
∴ AL ⊥ BC
Or DL ⊥ BC and BL ⊥ LC
Therefore, DA produced bisects BC at right angle.

9. The bisectors of the equal angles B and C of an isosceles triangle ABC meet at O.
Prove that AO bisects angle A.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have AB = AC
∠B = ∠C [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
½∠B = ½∠C
∠OBC = ∠OCB …(i)
⇒ OB = OC …(ii) [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Now,
In ∆ABO and ∆ACO, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∠OBC = ∠OCB [From (i)]
OB = OC [From (ii)]
Thus, ∆ABO ≅ ∆ACO by SAS congruence criterion
So, by CPCT
∠BAO = ∠CAO
Therefore, AO bisects ∠BAC.

10. Prove that the medians corresponding to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are
equal.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∠C = ∠B … (i) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now,
½ AB = ½ AC
BF = CE … (ii)
In ∆BCE and ∆CBF, we have
∠C = ∠B [From (i)]
BF = CE [From (ii)]
BC = BC [Common]
∴ ∆BCE ≅ ∆CBF by SAS congruence criterion
So, CPCT
BE = CF

11. Use the given figure to prove that, AB = AC.

 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Solution:

In ∆APQ, we have
AP = AQ [Given]
∴ ∠APQ = ∠AQP …(i) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
In ∆ABP, we have
∠APQ = ∠BAP + ∠ABP …(ii) [Exterior angle is equal to sum of opposite interior angles]
In ∆AQC, we have
∠AQP = ∠CAQ + ∠ACQ …(iii) [Exterior angle is equal to sum of opposite interior angles]
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
∠BAP + ∠ABP = ∠CAQ + ∠ACQ
But, ∠BAP = ∠CAQ [Given]
∠CAQ + ABP = ∠CAQ + ∠ACQ
∠ABP = ∠CAQ + ∠ACQ - ∠CAQ
∠ABP = ∠ACQ
∠B = ∠C
So, in ∆ABC, we have
∠B = ∠C
⇒ AB = AC [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]

12. In the given figure; AE bisects exterior angle CAD and AE is parallel to BC.
Prove that: AB = AC.
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Solution:

Since, AE || BC and DAB is the transversal

∴ ∠DAE = ∠ABC = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
Since, AE || BC and AC is the transversal
∠CAE = ∠ACB = ∠C [Alternate angles]
But, AE bisects ∠CAD
∴ ∠DAE = ∠CAE
∠B = ∠C
⇒ AB = AC [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]

13. In an equilateral triangle ABC; points P, Q and R are taken on the sides AB, BC and
CA respectively such that AP = BQ = CR. Prove that triangle PQR is equilateral.
Solution:

Given, AB = BC = CA (Since, ABC is an equilateral triangle) …(i)

and AP = BQ = CR …(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
AB - AP = BC - BQ = CA - CR
BP = CQ = AR …(iii)
∴ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C …(iv) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
In ∆BPQ and ∆CQR, we have
BP = CQ [From (iii)]
∠B = ∠C [From (iv)]
BQ = CR [Given]
∴ ∆BPQ ≅ ∆CQR by SAS congruence criterion
So, PQ = QR [by CPCT] … (v)

In ∆CQR and ∆APR, we have

CQ = AR [From (iii)]
∠C = ∠A [From (iv)]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

CR = AP [Given]
∴ ∆CQR ≅ ∆APR by SAS congruence criterion
So, QR = PR [By CPCT] … (vi)
From (v) and (vi), we get
PQ = QR = PR
Therefore, PQR is an equilateral triangle.

14. In triangle ABC, altitudes BE and CF are equal. Prove that the triangle is isosceles.
Solution:

In ∆ABE and ∆ACF, we have

∠A = ∠A [Common]
0
∠AEB = ∠AFC = 90 [Given: BE ⊥ AC and CF ⊥ AB]
BE = CF [Given]
∴ ∆ABE ≅ ∆ACF by AAS congruence criterion
So, by CPCT
AB = AC
Therefore, ABC is an isosceles triangle.

15. Through any point in the bisector of angle, a straight line is drawn parallel to either
arm of the angle. Prove that the triangle so formed is isosceles.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Let’s consider ∆ABC, AL is bisector of ∠A.

Let D is any point on AL.
From D, a straight-line DE is drawn parallel to AC.
DE || AC [Given]
So, ∠ADE = ∠DAC ...(i) [Alternate angles]
∠DAC = ∠DAE … (ii) [AL is bisector of ∠A]
From (i) and (ii), we get
∠ADE = ∠DAE
∴ AE = ED [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]
Therefore, AED is an isosceles triangle.

16. In triangle ABC; AB = AC. P, Q and R are mid-points of sides AB, AC and BC
respectively. Prove that:
(i) PR = QR (ii) BQ = CP
Solution:

(i)

In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC
½ AB = ½ AC
AP = AQ ... (i) [ Since P and Q are mid - points]
In ∆BCA, we have
PR = ½ AC [PR is line joining the mid - points of AB and BC]
PR = AQ … (ii)
In ∆CAB, we have
QR = ½ AB [QR is line joining the mid - points of AC and BC]
QR = AP …(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
PR = QR

(ii)
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Given, AB = AC
⇒ ∠B = ∠C
Also,
½ AB = ½ AC
BP = CQ [P and Q are mid – points of AB and AC]
Now, in ∆BPC and ∆CQB, we have
BP = CQ
∠B = ∠C
BC = BC (Common)
Therefore, ΔBPC ≅ CQB by SAS congruence criterion
∴ BP = CP by CPCT

17. From the following figure, prove that:

(i) ACD = CBE
(ii) AD = CE

Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

(i) In ∆ACB, we have

AC = AC [Given]
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ACB …(i) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
∠ACD + ∠ACB = 180 … (ii) 0 [Since, DCB is a straight line]
∠ABC + ∠CBE = 1800 …(iii) [Since, ABE is a straight line]
Equating (ii) and (iii), we get
∠ACD + ∠ACB = ∠ABC + ∠CBE
∠ACD + ∠ACB = ∠ACB + ∠CBE [From (i)]
⇒ ∠ACD = ∠CBE

(ii) In ∆ACD and ∆CBE, we have

DC = CB [Given]
AC = BE [Given]
∠ACD = ∠CBE [Proved above]
∴ ∆ACD ≅ ∆CBE by SAS congruence criterion
Hence, by CPCT
AD = CE

18. Equal sides AB and AC of an isosceles triangle ABC are produced. The bisectors of
the exterior angle so formed meet at D. Prove that AD bisects angle A.
Solution:

AB is produced to E and AC is produced to F. BD is bisector of angle CBE and CD is bisector

of angle BCF. BD and CD meet at D.
In ∆ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
∴ ∠C = ∠B [angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

∠CBE = 1800 - ∠B [ABE is a straight line]

∠CBD = (180o - ∠B)/ 2 [BD is bisector of ∠CBE]
∠CBD = 90 - ∠B/ 2 …(i)
o

Similarly,
∠BCF = 1800 - ∠C [ACF is a straight line]
∠BCD = (180o - ∠C)/ 2 [CD is bisector of BCF]
∠BCD = 90o - ∠C/2 …(ii)
Now,
∠CBD = 90o - ∠C/2 [∵∠B = ∠C]
∠CBD = ∠BCD
In ∆BCD, we have
∠CBD = ∠BCD
∴ BD = CD
In ∆ABD and ∆ACD, we have
AB = AC [Given]
AD = AD [Common]
BD = CD [Proved]
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD by SSS congruence criterion
So, ∠BAD = ∠CAD [By CPCT]
Therefore, AD bisects ∠A.

19. ABC is a triangle. The bisector of the angle BCA meets AB in X. A point Y lies on CX
such that AX = AY. Prove that ∠CAY = ∠ABC.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, we have
CX is the angle bisector of ∠C
So, ∠ACY = ∠BCX …(i)
In ∠AXY, we have
AX = AY [Given]
∠AXY = ∠AYX ...(ii) [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now, ∠XYC = ∠AXB = 180° [Straight line angle]
∠AYX + ∠AYC = ∠AXY + ∠BXY
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

∠AYC = ∠BXY… (iii) [From (ii)]

In ∆AYC and ∆BXC, we have
∠AYC + ∠ACY + ∠CAY = ∠BXC + ∠BCX + ∠XBC = 180°
∠CAY = ∠XBC [From (i) and (iii)]
Thus, ∠CAY = ∠ABC

20. In the following figure; IA and IB are bisectors of angles CAB and CBA respectively.
CP is parallel to IA and CQ is parallel to IB.

Prove that:
PQ = The perimeter of the ∆ABC.
Solution:

Since IA || CP and CA is a transversal

We have, ∠CAI = ∠PCA [Alternate angles]
Also, IA || CP and AP is a transversal
We have, ∠IAB = ∠APC [Corresponding angles]
But ∴ ∠CAI = ∠IAB [Given]
∴ ∠PCA = ∠APC
AC = AP
Similarly, BC = BQ
Now,
PQ = AP + AB + BQ
= AC + AB + BC
= Perimeter of ∆ABC

21. Sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are equal. BC is produced through C upto a point
D such that AC = CD. D and A are joined and produced upto point E. If angle BAE =
108o; find angle ADB.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

In ∆ABD, we have
∠BAE = ∠3 + ∠ADB
1080 = ∠3 + ∠ADB
But, AB = AC
∠3 = ∠2
1080 = ∠2 + ∠ADB … (i)
Now,
In ∆ACD, we have
∠2 = ∠1 + ∠ADB
But, AC = CD
∠1 = ∠ADB
∠2 = ∠ADB + ∠ADB
∠2 = 2∠ADB
Putting this value in (i), we get
1080 = 2∠ADB + ∠ADB
3∠ADB = 1080
∴ ∠ADB = 360

22. The given figure shows an equilateral triangle ABC with each side 15 cm. Also, DE ||
BC, DF || AC and EG || AB. If DE + DF + EG = 20 cm, find FG.
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Solution:

Given, ABC is an equilateral triangle.

AB = BC = AC = 15 cm
∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60o
In ∆ADE, we have DE ll BC
∠AED = 60o [∵ ∠ACB = 60o]
∠ADE = 60 o [∵ ∠ABC = 60o]
∠DAE = 180o – (60o + 60o)
= 60o
Thus, ∆ADE is an equilateral triangle
Similarly, ∆BDF and ∆GEC are equilateral triangles
Now,
Let AD = x, AE = x and DE = x [∵ ∆ADE is an equilateral triangle]
Let BD = y, FD = y and FB = y [∵ ∆BDF is an equilateral triangle]
Let EC = z, GC = z and GE = z [∵ ∆GEC is an equilateral triangle]
Now, AD + DB = 15
x + y = 15 … (i)
AE + EC = 15
x + z = 15 … (ii)
Given, DE + DF + EG = 20
x + y + z = 20
15 + z = 20 [From (i)]
z=5
From (ii), we get, x = 10
∴y=5
Also, BC = 15
BF + FG + GC = 15
y + FG + z = 15
∴ FG = 5

23. If all the three altitudes of a triangle are equal, the triangle is equilateral. Prove it.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

In right ∆BEC and ∆BFC, we have

BE = CF [Given]
BC = BC [Common]
∠BEC = ∠BFC [Each = 900]
∴ ∆BEC ≅ ∆BFC by RHS congruence criterion
By CPCT, we get
∠B = ∠C
Similarly,
∠A = ∠B
Hence, ∠A = ∠B = ∠C
⇒ AB = BC = AC
Therefore, ABC is an equilateral triangle.

24. In a ∆ABC, the internal bisector of angle A meets opposite side BC at point D.
Through vertex C, line CE is drawn parallel to DA which meets BA produced at point E.
Show that ∆ACE is isosceles.
Solution:

Given, DA || CE
∠1 = ∠4 … (i) [Corresponding angles]
∠2 = ∠3 … (ii) [Alternate angles]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

But ∠1 = ∠2 …(iii) [As AD is the bisector of ∠A]

From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
∠3 = ∠4
⇒AC = AE
Therefore, ∆ACE is an isosceles triangle.

25. In triangle ABC, bisector of angle BAC meets opposite side BC at point D. If BD =
CD, prove that ∆ABC is isosceles.
Solution:

Let’s produce AD up to E such that AD = DE.

In ∆ABD and ∆EDC, we have
AD = DE [By construction]
BD = CD [Given]
∠1 = ∠2 [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆EDC by SAS congruence criterion
So, by CPCT,
AB = CE …(i)
And, ∠BAD = ∠CED
But, ∠BAD = ∠CAD [AD is bisector of ∠BAC]
∴ ∠CED = ∠CAD
AC = CE …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AB = AC
Hence, ABC is an isosceles triangle.

26. In ∆ABC, D is point on BC such that AB = AD = BD = DC. Show that:

∠ADC: ∠C = 4: 1.
Solution:
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

As, AB = AD = BD, we have

∆ABD is an equilateral triangle.
∴ ∠ADB = 60o
Now,
∠ADC = 180o - ∠ADB
= 180o - 60o
= 120o
Again in ∆ADC, we have
AD = DC
∴ ∠1 = ∠2
But,
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠ADC = 180o [By angle sum property]
o
2∠1 + 120 = 180 o

2∠1 = 60o
∠1 = 30o
∠C = 30o
⇒∠ADC: ∠C = 120o : 30o
Therefore, ∠ADC: ∠C = 4 : 1

27. Using the information given in each of the following figures, find the values of a
and b. [Given: CE = AC]
 Concise Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 -
Isosceles Triangle

Solution:

(i) In ∆CAE, we have

∠CAE = ∠AEC [∵ CE = AC]
= (180 – 60 )/2
o o

= 56o
In ∠BEA, we have
a = 180o – 56o = 124o
In ∆ABE, we have
∠ABE = 180o – (124o + 14o)
= 180o - 138o
= 42o

(ii)

In ∆AEB and ∆CAD, we have

∠EAB = ∠CAD [Given]
∠ADC = ∠AEB [∵ ∠ADE = ∠AED, since, AE = AD
180o - ∠ADE = 180o - ∠AED
∠ADC = ∠AEB]
AE = AD [Given]
∴ ∆AEB ≅ ∆CAD by ASA congruence criterion
Thus, AC = AB by CPCT
2a + 2 = 7b – 1
2a – 7b = - 3 … (i)
CD = EB
a = 3b … (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get,
a = 9 and b = 3