One Way Ride on the SAT & EST

1 SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

1 4
6𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4 In the 1884 US presidential election, candidates
9𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3 James Blaine and Grover Cleveland received a
total of 438 Electoral College votes. the number of
The solution to the given system of equations is Electoral College votes Blaine received, 𝑏, was 37
(𝑥, 𝑦), What is the value of x? fewer than the number of Electoral College votes
Cleveland received, 𝑐. Which system of equations
1
A) represents this situation?
3
1
B) − A) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 438
3
C) −6 𝑏 = 𝑐 − 37
D) 6 B) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 438
𝑏 = 𝑐 + 37
2 C) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 401
𝑏 = 𝑐 − 37
4𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 1 D) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 401
𝑥 + 6𝑦 = -10 𝑏 = 𝑐 + 47

The solution to the given system of equations is 5

(𝑥, 𝑦), What is the value of 5𝑥 − 2𝑦?
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 11
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 24
A) 10
B) 9 The solution to the given system of equations is
C) −9 (𝑥, 𝑦), What is the value of 𝑥?
D) −11
A) 5
3 B) −5
C) 3
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 4 D) −3
2(2𝑥 + 𝑦) = 60

How many solutions does the given system of

equations have? 6
𝑥+𝑦 = 3
A) Zero
𝑥−𝑦 = 3
B) Exactly one
C) Exactly two The solution to the given system of equations is
D) Infinitely many (𝑥, 𝑦). What is the value of 2𝑥?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 7
D) 14
7 11
A meteorite with a mass of 16.0 grams (g) is When Karen walks from home to work, she burns
composed of iron and nickel and has a volume of 5.3 calories per minute, and when she rides her
2.0 cubic centimeters (𝑐𝑚3). Iron has a density of bike from home to work she burns 6.4 calories per
7.9 grams per cubic centimeter ( 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3) , and minute. if Karina spends a total of 6 hours, walking
nickel has a density of 8.9 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3. Which system and bicycling from home to work in a week and
of equations represents this situation, where 𝑟 is burns a total of 1941 calories during these
the volume of iron and 𝑛 is the volume of nickel in activities, how many minutes does she spend
the meteorite? bicycling?

A) 7.9𝑟 + 8.9𝑛 = 16.0 A) 30

𝑟 + 𝑛 = 2.0 B) 110
B) 7.9𝑟 + 8.9𝑛 = 16.0 C) 220
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 16.0 D) 330
C) 7.9𝑟 + 8.9𝑛 = 2.0
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 2.0 12
D) 7.9𝑟 + 8.9𝑛 = 2.0
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 16.0
𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑝

8 In the given system of equations, 𝑛 and 𝑝 are

constants. The system has infinitely many
−7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3 solutions. What is the value of 𝑛𝑝?
−17𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 3
How many solutions does the given system of A) 15
equations have? B) 18
250
C) 3
A) Zero 54
B) Exactly one D)
5
C) Exactly two
D) Infinitely many

13
10𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 18
9 −60𝑥 + 12𝑦 = −108
When Michael swims he burns 9 calories per
How many solutions does the given system of
minute, and when he walks he burns 4 calories per
equations have?
minute. If Michael spent a total of 4 hours walking
and swimming and burns a total of 1600 calories, A) Zero
how many minutes did he spend walking? B) Exactly one
C) Exactly two
A) 112
D) Infinitely many
B) 120
C) 128
D) 136
14
4 1
10 𝑦= 𝑥–
3 2
𝑘 1
−3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 4 𝑦= 𝑥+
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0.5 3 2
In the system of equations above, 𝑘 is a constant.
The solution to the given system of equations is the If the system has no solutions, what is the value of
ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦). What is the value of 𝑦? 𝑘?

5 A) 4
A) 2
5
B) 4.5
B) − C) 5
2
C) 2 D) 5.5
D) −2
15 19
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 9𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 + 3 5
2𝑥 − 9𝑦 = −
in the given system of equations, 𝑘 is a constant. 2
the system has exactly one solution. which of the
What is the solution (𝑥, 𝑦) to the given system of
following could be the value of 𝑘?
equations?
I. 2 1
A) (−1, − )
II. 5 4
A) I only B) (−1, 1)
2
B) II only 1
C) (1, )
C) I and II 4
1
D) Neither I nor II D) (1, )
2

16 20
The sum of a number 𝑥 and 6 is twice as large as a Which system of linear equations has exactly one
number 𝑦. the number 𝑦 is 5 less than the number solution?
𝑥 . Which system of equations describes this
situation? A) 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 9
A) 𝑥 + 6 = 2𝑦 B) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝑦 = 𝑥−5 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3
B) 𝑥 + 6 = 2𝑦 C) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝑦 = 5−𝑥 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
C) 2(𝑥 + 6) = 𝑦 D) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝑦 = 𝑥−5 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 6
D) 2(𝑥 + 6) = 𝑦
𝑦 = 5−𝑥 21
4𝑦 − 8𝑥 = 36
17 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 18
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 17 How many solutions does the given system of
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 23 equations have?
The solution to the given system of equations is A) Zero
(𝑥, 𝑦). What is the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦? B) Exactly one
C) Exactly two
A) 1
D) Infinitely many
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
22
7𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 34
9𝑎 + 9𝑏 = 18
18
𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1 The solution to the given system of equations is
-6𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0 (𝑎, 𝑏). What is the value of 𝑎 + 3𝑏?

In the system of equations above, 𝑛, is a constant. A) 120

If the system has no solution, what is the value of B) 4
𝑛? C) −8
D) −16
A) −9
B) −6
C) 3
D) 6
23
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8
𝑘𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 9

In the given system of equations, 𝑘, is a constant.

If the system has no solutions, what is the value
of 𝑘?

A) 2
3
B) 3
2
C) 8
D) 9

24
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 19
1.5𝑥 − 0.5𝑦 = 𝑏

In the system of equations above, 𝑏, is a constant.

If the system has infinitely many solutions, what
is the value of 𝑏?

A) 7.5
B) 8.5
C) 9.5
D) 10.5
One Way Ride On The SAT & EST
2 LINEAR FUNCTIONS
1 4
The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1. What
is the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥𝑦-plane? 0 14
1 24
A) (0, −3)
2 34
B) (0, −1)
C) (0,1)
D) (0,3) The table shows some values of 𝑥 and their
corresponding values of 𝑦. there is a linear
2 relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦. Which of the
following equations represents this relationship?
𝑔(𝑥) = 0.038𝑥 + 2.136
A) 𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 + 2
The given linear function 𝑔 models the annual B) 𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 − 2
percentage increase in the population of India 𝑥 C) 𝑦 = 12𝑥 +14
years after 1990. What is the best interpretation of D) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4
𝑔(10) = 1.486 in this context?

A) 1.486 years after 1990, the percentage

increase in the population of India was 5
10% over the previous year. The given graph shows the relationship between
B) 1.486 years after 1990, India’s the prices during an online sale, where 𝑥 Is the
population was approximately 10 times nonsale price, in dollars, of an item and 𝑦 is the
its population in 1990. total sale price, in dollars, of the item including a
C) 10 years after 1990, the percentage shipping fee.
increase in the population of India was
1.486% over the previous year.
D) 10 years after 1990 India’s population
was approximately 1.486 times its
population in 1990.

3
Line 𝑝 is defined by 4𝑦 + 8𝑥 = 18. Line 𝑟 is
perpendicular to line 𝑝 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. What is
the slope of line 𝑟?

A) 1
2
B) 2
1
C) − Which equation represents the relationship
2
D) −2 between 𝑥 and 𝑦?

A) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 10
B) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 10
1
C) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10
2
1
D) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 10
2
6 9
A solution is formed by adding 𝑚 grams of The variable 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related such that each
propylene glycol to 100 grams of water. For this time 𝑥 increases by 3, 𝑦 decreases by 4. If 𝑦 = 8
solution, the freezing point, in kelvins, is modeled and 𝑥 = 0, which of the following equation
by the function 𝑇(𝑚) = 273.2 − 0.372𝑚. Which expresses the relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦?
of the following is the best interpretation of this
statement “𝑇(22) is approximately equal to 266” A) 3x − 4y = 8
in this context? B) 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −32
C) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 32
A) A solution formed by adding 22 grams D) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 24
of propylene glycol to 100 grams of
water has an estimated freezing point of
266 kelvins. 10
B) A solution formed by adding 266 grams
Larry is training for a half marathon by going on a
of propylene glycol to 100 grams of
long run every Saturday. He will run 4 miles on
water has an estimated freezing point of the first Saturday of his training. Each Saturday
22 kelvins. after the first, he will run 2 more miles than he ran
C) For every 22 grams of propylene glycol on the preceding Saturday. Which of the
added to 100 grams of water, the following equations represents the number of
freezing point of the solution is miles 𝑚 Larry will run on the 𝑛th Saturday of his
estimated to decrease m4byadding 266 training?
kelvins.
D) For every 266 grams of propylene A) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 + 4
glycol added to 100 grams of water, the B) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 + 2
freezing point of the solution is C) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 − 1
estimated to decrease by 22 kelvins. D) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 + 3

7
For a survey, students were assigned to either 11
group R or group V. Combined, the students in
both groups answered a total of 18 questions. Of
these, a total of 6 questions were answered by the
students in group V. The equation 3r + 6 = 18
describes this situation, where 𝑟 represents the
number of questions answered by each students in
group R. Which of the following is the best
interpretation of 3𝑟 in this context.

A) The number of students at group R.

B) The number of students in group V.
C) The total number of questions answered
by students in group R.
D) The total number of questions answered The graph represents the total charges, in dollars,
by students in group V. by a contractor for 𝑥 hours of work. The
contractor charges a onetime fee plus an hourly
rate. What is the best interpretation of the slope of
8 the graph?
The equation 4𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 4,700 Models the total
A) The contractor’s hourly rate
number of trees in the neighborhood consisting of
B) The contractor’s onetime fee
a 4-hectare park and 30-hectare residential are.
C) The total amount that the contractor
The total number of trees in the neighborhood is
charges
4,700. which is the best interpretation of 𝑥 in this
D) The maximum amount that the
context?
contractor charges
A) The total number of trees in the park.
B) The number of trees per hectare in the
park.
C) The total number of trees in the
residential area.
D) The number of trees per hectare in the
residential area.
12 15
The equation ℎ = 250 + 20𝑡 gives the total
number of housing units, ℎ, in a community 𝑡
months after a new zoning law was passed. How
many housing units are added to the community
each month after the zoning law was passed?

A) 20
B) 250
C) 260
D) 2500

The graph shown models the relationship between

the distance 𝐷, in kilometers, from Earth to the
Moon and the time 𝑇, in millions of years after
the present. Which of the following equations
models this relationship?

A) 𝐷 = −38𝑇 − 385,000
B) 𝐷 = −38𝑇 + 385,000
C) 𝐷 = 38𝑇 − 385,000
D) 𝐷 = 38𝑇 + 385,000

13
A line in the 𝑥𝑦-plane passes through the points
(2, 6) and (6, 12). Which of the following is an
equation of this line?
2 14
A) 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
3 3
2
B) 𝑦 = 𝑥+8
3
3 14
C) 𝑦= 𝑥+
2 3
3
D) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3
2

14
When a zebra fish was 25 days old, the length of
its tail fin was 3.0 millimeters (mm). The length
of the fin increased by 0.06 mm each day for the
next 175 days. Which of the following types of
functions best describes how the fin length
changed over time during this 175-day period?

A) Increasing linear
B) Decreasing linear
C) Increasing exponential
D) Decreasing exponential
16 19
What is the 𝑥-intercept of the graph of the In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, line 𝑘 with equation
function 𝑓(𝑥) = −5𝑥 − 10 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane, 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 and 𝑏 are constants, passes
where 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)? through the point (−3, 1). If line 𝑘 is
perpendicular to the line with equation
A) (−10, 0) 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3, what is the value of 𝑏?
B) (−5, 0) A) 0.5
C) (−2, 0) B) −0.5
D) (10, 0) C) 2.5
D) −2.5
17
Which of the following is an equation of the line
20
in the 𝑥𝑦-plane that contains the points (1, 3) and
(5, 15)?

A) 𝑦 = 3𝑥
B) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5
C) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2
1
D) 𝑦 = 𝑥
3

18 An equation of the graph shown is 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 8,

𝑥 −1 0 1 2 where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. What is the value of
𝑦 −2𝑘 − 2 2𝑘 + 2 4𝑘 + 4 𝑏?
0
A) −4
The table above shows several values of 𝑥 and B) −2
their corresponding values of 𝑦, where 𝑘 is a C) 2
nonzero constant. If the relationship between 𝑥 D) 4
and 𝑦 is linear, which of the following defines
this relationship?
A) 𝑦 = 2𝑥(𝑘 + 1) 21
B) 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 Line 𝑙 is defined by 𝑦 = 1/6𝑥 − 4. Line 𝑘 is
C) 𝑦 = −2𝑘𝑥 parallelto line 𝑙 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. What is the slope
D) 𝑦 = −2𝑘 − 𝑥 − 1 of line k?
A) −6
1
B) −
6
1
C) 6
D) 6

22
What is the 𝑥-coordinate of the 𝑥-intercept of the
1
line with equation 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 when it is
3 3
graphed in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 1.5
D) 2