AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-

BANGLADESH
Faculty of Engineering
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Laboratory Title : : Study of Separately- Excited DC Shunt Generator.

Experiment Number: 01 Due Date: 01.06.2015 Semester: Summer,2014-15
Subject Code: EEE Subject Name: ELECTRICAL Section: H
MACHINES 1
Course Instructor: MD. WAYESH QARONY Degree Program: BSc in EEE

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Group Number (if applicable): 05 Individual Submission Group Submission

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Submitted By
01 Hasan Aysha 14-26061-1

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02 Absar Arfath Bin 14-26214-1
03 Asif MD Asifuzzaman 14-26114-1
04 KARIM, ASIF 14-26249-1

05 Iqbal, MD. Ashif 14-25609-1

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Title : Study of Separately- Excited DC Shunt Generator.

Abstract:
The purpose of this experiment is to be able to study the properties of the separately-
excited dc shunt generator under no-load and full-load conditions and then obtain the
saturation O.C.C curve and the armature voltage versus armature current load curve of
the generator.

Introduction:
In a separately excited dc generator the field coils are energized from an independent
source.
A DC Motor/Generator can run either as a motor or as a generator. A motor converts
electrical power into mechanical power while a generator converts mechanical power
into electrical power. A generator must, therefore, be mechanically driven in order to
produce electricity.

Since the field winding is an electromagnet, current must flow through it to produce a
magnetic field. This current is called the excitation current, and can be supplied to the
field winding in one of two ways- it can come from a separate, external dc source, in
which case the generator is called a separately-excited generator.

Theory and Methodology:

These are the generators whose field magnets are energized by some external dc source
such as battery.A d.c generator whose field magnet winding is supplied from an
independent external d.c. source (e.g., a battery etc.) is called a separately excited
generator. Fig.1 shows the connections of a separately excited generator. The voltage
output depends upon the speed of rotation of armature and the field current (E.g =PΦ
ZN/60 A). The greater the speed and field current, greater is the generated e.m.f.
Although separate excitation requires a separate dc power source, it is useful in cases
where a generator must respond quickly and precisely to an external control source, or
when the output voltage must be varied over a wide range. It may be noted that
separately excited d.c. generators are rarely used in practice. The d.c. generators are
normally of self-excited type. Fig. 2 shows how the exciter and main circuit in a
separately excited d.c generator could be practically
arranged.
Fig.1: Separately Excited D.C Generator Fig.2: Separate excitation of an electric
generator

Apparatus:

model
i) DC Motor/Generator 8211
ii) Synchronous
Motor/Generator 8241
iii) Variable Resistance 8311
iv) DC Voltmeter/Ammeter 8412
v) AC Ammeter 8425
vi) Power Supply 8821
vii) Connection Leads 8941
viii) Timing Belt 8942

Experimental Procedure:

1.The synchronous generator was used to mechanically drive the DC GENERATOR

because of its constant running speed using Power Supply. AC ammeter and
synchronous motor was connected the circuit shown in fig 3.

2.Terminals 1,2 and 3 on the power supply was connected with terminals 4,5 and 6
respectively of the stator windings. Terminal 8 was connected to the terminal 7 and N
terminal was connected to the terminal 8.
 Figure 3 : AC ammeter and synchronous motor connected circuit

3.A) DC Voltmeter / Ammeter was connected the circuit using DC Motor/Generator as

shown in figure-4:

Figure 4 : DC Voltmeter / Ammeter was connected circuit using DC

Motor/Generator

B) The shunt field of the DC Motor/Generator was connected, terminals 5 and 6, to the
variable dc output of the power supply: terminals 7 and N, while connecting the 300mA
meter in series with the position lead.
C) The 400V DC voltage /ammeter was connected across the generator output of the
armature terminals 1 and 2.
D) The Synchronous Motor and the DC Generator with the Timing Belt was coupled.
E) It was made sure that the brushes were in their neutral position.

1.A) The power supply was turned on. The synchronous motor was started running and
we closed switch S.

2.B) The shunt field current I F was varied by rotating the voltage control knob on the
power supply. The effect was noted on the output of the generator output E A as
indicated by the 400V dc meter.

3.C) The armature voltage EA was measured and recorded in table 1 for each of the listed
field currents.

Table 1

IF EA
mA V
0 25
50 75
100 140
150 200
200 250
250 280
300 310

4)C) Did the armature voltage reverse its polarity?

Ans: Yes.
5.C) Armature voltage, EA=180V
6.Did the armature voltage reverse its polarity?
Ans: Yes
7.C) Armature voltage, EA=200V

E) Is the armature voltage approximately the same as in Procedure 4 (at an I F of 200mA

dc) except for reverse polarity?
Ans: Yes.
Load Characteristics:
8. The circuit shown in Figure 5 was connected using using the Variable Resistance.
Resistance switches was placed so that the total load resistanceus is 480 Ω. (Refer to
Appendix A at the end of this manual).
9. (a) The Power Supply was turned on. The synchronous Motor was started running.
(b)The shunt field current was adjusted IF until the DC Generator was delivering an
output voltage of 240 V dc. The DC Ammeter IA was indicated 0.5 A dc.

Figure 5 : the Variable Resistance, connected the circuit

10. (a) Adjust the load resistance was adjustedin order to obtain each of the values listed
in Table 2 while maintaining the nominal IF value found in procedure
(b) EA and IA for each of the resistance values listed in the Table was measured and
reorded.

11. (a) The load resistance was adjusted for an output current IA of 0.75 A,The nominal
field current IF was turned on and off by removing the connecting lead from terminal 6
of the DC Motor/Generator.
(b) Do you notice that the driving motor is obviously working harder when the generator
is delivering power to the load?
ANS : Yes

(c) The voltage was returned to zero and turn off the Power Supply.

12 ) Calculate and record the power for each of the values listed in Table 2 .
 Table 2
RL IA EA POWER
Ohm A V W
2400 .1 A 270 27
1200 .1 A 250 25
960 .15 A 250 37.5
600 .18 A 250 45
480 .2 A 245 49
400 .21 A 245 51.45
343 0.22 A 245 53.9
300 0.19 A 240 45.9

13) What value of shunt-field current IF is needed to stall the motor?

Ans : I F=130mA

Measurement:

1) Using data from table 1, the EA versus IFcurve is given bellow:

 2)Using data table 2, the EA versus I A curve is given bellow:

Results:
From data table 1, When we increase the current until a certain point the e.m.f didn’t
increase. When I F=150mA the voltage started increasing gradually.From the curve it was
shown that,the greater the speed and field current, greater is the generated e.m.f.
So we can say that, The voltage output depends upon the speed of rotation of armature
and the field current.
From data table 2, we see that ,with the increasing of RL, the voltage was gradually
decreased but the current remain constant.

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS :

1.State two ways by which the output polarity of a separately-excited dc shunt generator
can be changed .
ANS : i) By reversing the current along the shunt field winding , ii) By changing the
direction of rotation of armature the output polarity of a separately-excited dc shunt
generator can be changed .

2. If a dc generator delivers 180 W to a load, what is the minimum mechanical power (in
watts) needed to drive the generator (Assume 80% efficiency)?
minimum mechanical power = maximum mechanical power / efficiency
= 180 W /(80÷100 )
= 225W
Reference(s):
1.Objective Electrical Technology By V.K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta
2.Hawkins Electrical Guide by Nehemiah Hawkins
3.www.ee.lamar.edu/gleb/.../Lab%2008%20-%20DC%20generators.pdf
4.web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/.../notes%5CDC%20Generator%20x-tics.pdf
5.http://www.industrialelectronics.com/elecy3_2.html#sthash.jXC7RPDB.dpuf