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AQA 7408 1 Final MS Jun24 v1

Beginners Spanish Language (University of Reading)

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A-level
PHYSICS
7408/1
Paper 1
Mark scheme
June 2024
Version: 1.0 Final

*246A7408/1/MS*

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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHYSICS – 7408/1 – JUNE 2024

Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.

No student should be disadvantaged on the basis of their gender identity and/or how they refer to the
gender identity of others in their exam responses.

A consistent use of ‘they/them’ as a singular and pronouns beyond ‘she/her’ or ‘he/him’ will be credited in
exam responses in line with existing mark scheme criteria.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk

Copyright information
AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own
internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third
party even for internal use within the centre.

Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHYSICS – 7408/1 – JUNE 2024

Physics - Mark scheme instructions to examiners

1. General

The mark scheme for each question shows:

• the marks available for each part of the question

• the total marks available for the question
• the typical answer or answers which are expected
• extra information to help the Examiner make his or her judgement and help to delineate what is
acceptable or not worthy of credit or, in discursive answers, to give an overview of the area in which a
mark or marks may be awarded.

The extra information is aligned to the appropriate answer in the left-hand part of the mark scheme and
should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme.

At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where consequential
marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the diagram or at a different
place on the script.

In general the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which confuse
the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring that marking is straightforward and
consistent.

2. Emboldening

2.1 In a list of acceptable answers where more than one mark is available ‘any two from’ is used,
with the number of marks emboldened. Each of the following bullet points is a potential mark.
2.2 A bold and is used to indicate that both parts of the answer are required to award the mark.
2.3 Alternative answers acceptable for a mark are indicated by the use of or. Different terms in the
mark scheme are shown by a / ; eg allow smooth / free movement.

3. Marking points

3.1 Marking of lists

This applies to questions requiring a set number of responses, but for which candidates have provided
extra responses. The general principle to be followed in such a situation is that ‘right + wrong = wrong’.

Each error / contradiction negates each correct response. So, if the number of errors / contradictions
equals or exceeds the number of marks available for the question, no marks can be awarded.

However, responses considered to be neutral (often prefaced by ‘Ignore’ in the mark scheme) are not
penalised.

3.2 Marking procedure for calculations

Full marks can usually be given for a correct numerical answer without working shown unless the
question states ‘Show your working’. However, if a correct numerical answer can be evaluated from
incorrect physics then working will be required. The mark scheme will indicate both this and the credit (if
any) that can be allowed for the incorrect approach.

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However, if the answer is incorrect, mark(s) can usually be gained by correct substitution / working and
this is shown in the ‘extra information’ column or by each stage of a longer calculation.

A calculation must be followed through to answer in decimal form. An answer in surd form is never
acceptable for the final (evaluation) mark in a calculation and will therefore generally be denied one
mark.

3.3 Interpretation of ‘it’

Answers using the word ‘it’ should be given credit only if it is clear that the ‘it’ refers to the correct
subject.

3.4 Errors carried forward, consequential marking and arithmetic errors

Allowances for errors carried forward are likely to be restricted to calculation questions and should be
shown by the abbreviation ECF or conseq in the marking scheme.

An arithmetic error should be penalised for one mark only unless otherwise amplified in the marking
scheme. Arithmetic errors may arise from a slip in a calculation or from an incorrect transfer of a
numerical value from data given in a question.

3.5 Phonetic spelling

The phonetic spelling of correct scientific terminology should be credited (eg fizix) unless there is a
possible confusion (eg defraction/refraction) with another technical term.

3.6 Brackets

(…..) are used to indicate information which is not essential for the mark to be awarded but is included to
help the examiner identify the sense of the answer required.

3.7 Ignore / Insufficient / Do not allow

‘Ignore’ or ‘insufficient’ is used when the information given is irrelevant to the question or not enough to
gain the marking point. Any further correct amplification could gain the marking point.

‘Do not allow’ means that this is a wrong answer which, even if the correct answer is given, will still
mean that the mark is not awarded.

3.8 Significant figure penalties

Answers to questions in the practical sections (7407/2 – Section A and 7408/3A) should display an
appropriate number of significant figures. For non-practical sections, an A-level paper may contain up to
2 marks (1 mark for AS) that are contingent on the candidate quoting the final answer in a calculation to
a specified number of significant figures (sf). This will generally be assessed to be the number of sf of
the datum with the least number of sf from which the answer is determined. The mark scheme will give
the range of sf that are acceptable but this will normally be the sf of the datum (or this sf -1).

An answer in surd form cannot gain the sf mark. An incorrect calculation following some working can
gain the sf mark. For a question beginning with the command word ‘Show that…’, the answer should be
quoted to one more sf than the sf quoted in the question eg ‘Show that X is equal to about 2.1 cm’ –

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answer should be quoted to 3 sf. An answer to 1 sf will not normally be acceptable, unless the answer is
an integer eg a number of objects. In non-practical sections, the need for a consideration will be
indicated in the question by the use of ‘Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures’.

3.9 Unit penalties

An A-level paper may contain up to 2 marks (1 mark for AS) that are contingent on the candidate quoting
the correct unit for the answer to a calculation. The need for a unit to be quoted will be indicated in the
question by the use of ‘State an appropriate SI unit for your answer’. Unit answers will be expected to
appear in the most commonly agreed form for the calculation concerned; strings of fundamental (base)
units would not. For example, 1 tesla and 1 Wb m–2 would both be acceptable units for magnetic flux
density but 1 kg m2 s–2 A–1 would not.

3.10 Level of response marking instructions

Level of response mark schemes are broken down into three levels, each of which has a descriptor. The
descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are two marks in each level.

Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as
instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme.

Determining a level

Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the
descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in
the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it
meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With
practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the
lower levels of the mark scheme.

When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If
the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit
approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within
the level. ie if the response is predominantly level 2 with a small amount of level 3 material it would be
placed in level 2.

The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help you to determine the appropriate level.
There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark
scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the
student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the
example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark
on the example.

You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and
assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.

Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.

An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.

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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHYSICS – 7408/1 – JUNE 2024

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.1 gravity, weak (nuclear), strong (nuclear), electromagnetic  Any order, all four must be correct. 1 AO1
Condone any reference to “interaction” or
“force”

Condone “gravitational”
Do not accept ‘electrostatic’, ‘gravitational
potential’, ‘em’, ‘EM’

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.2 proton, beta minus, (electron) antineutrino all correct  Allow alternative ways of writing beta minus: 1 AO1
electron/ e / e- / β-
Accept p and P for proton and υ�e or υ� for
antineutrino
Condone ‘anti electron neutrino’

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.3 weak (nuclear)  2 AO1

it involves leptons Accept reference to W- or W together with

(which do not experience strong interaction/force) transfer of charge (from neutron)
OR Accept d (quark) converted to u (quark)
there is a change in quark (flavour) 
MP2 is conditional on award of MP1

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.4 idea that the exchange particle is a (virtual) photon  3 AO1

(virtual) photons/the exchange particles have momentum 
Accept γ for photon.
conservation of momentum (means that photon
interchange) enables the electron momentum/path to
change 

Total 7

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

02.1 2 1 × AO1
All four rows correct 12 1 × AO2

Any two rows correct 1

Accept any reasonable notation for 

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

02.2 Identifies strangeness as the consideration as interaction Do not award MP1 for suggestion that any 3 AO3
would be strong/not weak  other quantum number is not conserved.
0
Κ– and Σ have same strangeness of -1 Evidence for MP2 and MP3 can be seen in a
correct use of strangeness values e.g.
Demonstration that LHS and RHS strangeness not equal
AND that the LHS is zero  0 + 0 → -1 -1

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

02.3 2 AO1
Electron AND positron rest energy =
clear assignment of each particle to its correct rest mass
including the photon  0.510999 MeV
π0 rest energy = 134.972 MeV
idea that LHS mass > RHS mass
Gamma/photon rest mass = 0

Allow rounded values for rest mass.

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

02.4 annihilation of the positron with an electron  1 AO1

Do not allow answers such as ‘elimination’

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Accept idea that (people with)

02.5 Idea that international collaboration/co- 1 AO1
particular/specialist
operation/verification is required
talents/technology/infrastructure must be in
OR place.
(investment in) expensive equipment/hardware/ Ignore references to peer review or vague
infrastructure is required  statements such as ‘it takes a long time’ or
‘it/the research is expensive’.

Total 9

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

03.1 ray through A links to ray in B Ignore any arrow directions. 1 AO2
AND
ray in B horizontal by eye 

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

03.2 Answer must be consistent with their Figure 2 AO3

1.

Conclusion consistent with their Figure 1

For a correct diagram expect to see B has
greater refractive index / A has lower
refractive index’

Supported by consideration of their angles of incidence and

refraction at AB boundary 
For a correct diagram expect to see ‘at AB
boundary angle of incidence > angle of
refraction’ OR ‘at AB boundary the ray bends
towards the normal’.

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

03.3 how the grating is used must be described 1 AO1

e.g ‘used to determine λ of named light
source’ or ‘used to identify elements in a
sample’
Examples:
To analyse chemical composition (of a
sample)
To stabilise/filter laser light
To provide a monochromatic source/select a
particular wavelength of light
appropriate application described  In optical encoders for high-precision motor
control
Spread evenly the light from e-readers

Condone:
to identify (some) authentic bank notes
applications asociated with entertainment eg
light shows/diffraction glasses.
application associated with analysis of the
light from the Sun

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

03.4 Ignore POT error in MP1 & MP2. 3 2 × AO2

1 × AO3
MAX 2 from  Accept answer in range 377.5 – 382.5 nm.
• λ read from spectrum = 380 nm
• use of d sin θ=n × (their λ ) ‘Use of’ means clear substitution of n, θ and
1 their λ or rearrangement of equation to give
• use of G = 끫뢶끫뢶
d 끫뢢 = .
sin 끫븆

If n not seen, assume that n = 1.

Expect to see 8.04 × 10–7 m for d
to give 1.2 × 106 (m–1) 
MP2 and MP3 may be seen together

Calculator value range: 1.251790×106 m-1 to

1.2435547×106 m-1 to 1.235427×106 m-1

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

03.5 3 3 × AO3

Argument involving sinθ = nGλ or equivalent

comparing effect of n = 2 and G’ = 2G 

Appreciation that angular separations would be the same

for both options  For MP3, allow maxima are better defined in
option 2
Discussion suggesting option 2 / 2G should be used, as
n = 2 spectrum could overlap with other orders obscuring
absorption lines 
Alternative for MP3: idea that 2G should be
used as the second-order spectrum would be
dimmer – allow reverse argument that 2G first
order would be brighter.

Total 10

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

04.1 Either appreciation of mass of He = 4 × mass of neutron 2 AO3

OR idea that n and He have equal (and opposite) momenta

p2
Combination of momentum and KE equations (to give idea Expect to see KE =
2m
that KE is inversely proportional to m with same p) and
therefore KE of neutron = 4 × KE of He 

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

04.2 calculates KE of neutron 80% × 2.82 × 10–12 = 2.26 × 10–12 (J) 2 AO2
OR
uses mass of neutron from data booklet with their Do not allow use of 2.82 × 10–12 as their
calculated KE in a KE equation calculated KE.

v = 5.2 × 107 m s–1  mn=1.67(5) × 10–27 kg

Accept answers of 5.18 × 107 or
5.19 × 107 m s-1
Calculator values:
5.1823878 × 107; (using 1.68)
5.1901169 × 107; (using 1.675)
5.1978807 × 107 (using 1.67)

Total 4

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

05.1 Formation of a parallelogram OR triangle to draw W 1 Correct by eye. 4 AO3

If a hybrid approach is used, note that MP2 is
Use of their W to obtain the scale at which force diagram is given for a measurement of their W used to
drawn 2 determine a scale OR for the measurement of
the two angles within range.
Use of their scale to obtain T1 and T2 3 If correct values in range seen for MP4, then
T1 = 480 N AND T2 = 400 N 4 it can be assumed that a scale was used to
obtain T1 and T2, MP3 can be awarded
350
Expect to see: mm = 10 N mm–1
35

T1 = 48 mm × 10 T2 = 40 mm × 10
Range: allow T1 470 – 490 N and T2 390 –
410 N

Alternative Approach 1
Formation of a parallelogram OR triangle to draw W 1 Allow complementary angles where quoted.
Both angles measured correctly/evaluated to be (34 — 35)o
and (11 — 12)o 2
T1sin 34 + T2 sin 11 = 350 AND T1cos 34 = T2 cos 113
In MP3 allow their angle values OR angle
symbols consistent with labels on their
diagram.
Allow correct application of sine or cosine
T1 = 480 N AND T2 = 400 N 4
rules.
Range: allow T1 470 – 490 N and T2 390 –
410 N

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

05.2 Max 4 from: Expect to see 36 kg 5 AO2

350
• m=  Expect to see 754 J
끫뢨
Expect to see 1575 J
• their m to give KE with v = 6.5 m s-1 at B 
• 350 N and 4.5 m in GPE equation Expect to see 821 J
• evidence of their ∆GPE – their ∆KE to give work
done against friction 
their work done Alternative for first four marks. Must see a
• evidence of friction force =
18
 labelled diagram indicating use of this
approach:

18 m
4.5 m

If the diagram is not seen, mark according to

the main scheme (in the ‘Answers’ column).
Max 4 from:
350
• m= 끫뢨

• Use of suvat to obtain a = 1.17 m s-2
• Uses F =ma to obtain their effective
resultant force
• Uses 350 × (4.5÷18) or equivalent to
obtain their effective component of
weight
• Subtracts their resultant force from
their component of weight

Accept answers that round to 46 N.

Calculates average force = 46 N 

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Idea that contact time or distance travelled during contact

05.3 Momentum approach (time increased) 3 AO3
is increased 
• reference to Force is rate of change of
momentum
Generic mark scheme for MP2 and MP3
• change in momentum/impulse/ F×∆t
constant therefore force decreased
• reference to physical principle 
• application of principle to explain why force is reduced 
Energy approach (distance increased)
• reference to force × distance = change in
KE/work done
• change in KE/work done/F×s constant so
force reduced

Newton 2 approach (time/distance

increased)
• reference to Force = mass × acceleration
• change in velocity constant, so acceleration
reduced so force reduced

Total 12

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

06.1 Appropriate use of V = IR  e.g. for MP1: 2 AO2

• determines total circuit resistance
• determines pd across thermistor
• use of = 끫롸(끫뢊XY +끫뢊YZ )
Condone POT error in MP1
Variable resistor resistance = 190 (Ω)  Expect to see total circuit resistance of 542
(Ω)
Expect to see pd across resistor of 2.3 V.
Condone POT error in MP1
Calculator value: 191.67 Ω

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

06.2 Evidence of 22 oC converted to K  Allow ecf from MP1. Expect 295 K 5 AO2

3.2 3.2 Expect to see 267 Ω

Determines R OR
12
OR 12×10−3 

끫뢊
Evidence of use of ln(끫뢊 ) with their values Condone use of R0 = 190 Ω in MP3
0

B = 1110  K 
Accept 1100
Accept answers that round to 1110 or 1120
Allow ecf only from temperature conversion.
Do not accept k for K

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Current causes thermistor temperature to change 

06.3 Allow a clear description of thermal runaway 2 AO3
Thermistor resistance decreases as temperature for both marks.
increases

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

06.4 Uses ammeter(s) (in series) to show current at X = current 2 AO1

at Y = current at Z Do not allow ‘currents across’.
OR
Do not accept ‘battery pd’ unless it is clearly
Uses voltmeter(s) to show that emf/terminal pd / 6.5 V = pd
being measured.
across XY + pd across YZ
If points XYZ are not referred it must be clear
where the meters are attached.

Links current readings to (conservation of) charge

AND
Links pd readings to (conservation of) energy

Total 11

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.1 3.5 mm  Accept 3.4 to 3.6 1 AO3

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.2 Evidence of use of v = f λ including 625 (Hz)  Allow range of 0.68 – 0.72 m in λ 2 AO3
Uses wavelength = 0.7 m to get 440 (m s–1)  or 425-450 m s-1

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.3 In phase OR 0  Accept 2π, 360o and multiples 1 AO1

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Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.4 Sinusoidal wave starting at displacement = 4 mm  Tolerance on drawing: half a square 3 AO3
Amplitude = 4 mm 
Period (= 625–1) = 1.6 ms 

Judge shape of wave on their first complete

cycle.
If there is no complete cycle, the line they
have drawn must cover the width of the grid.

Total 7

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Question Key Answer AO

39 Ca
08 C the beta-plus decay of a
20 nucleus AO2

AO1

09 A

10 A increases decreases AO2

11 C 3 AO1

12 D 1800 AO2

13 D 5 × 106 AO2

14 A unpolarised polarised AO1

15 D 2(L2 − L1) AO1

16 A (S1Y−S2Y) − (S1W−S2W) AO1

17 A using monochromatic light of lower frequency. AO1

F
18 B cos β − g sin α AO1
m

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19 A 41° AO2

20 D 4d AO2

21 A 0.2 m AO2

AO2

22 B

23 D 931 N AO2

24 D 4700 kg AO2

25 C 3E AO2
k ( ∆L )2
26 C AO2
2t
27 D 1.50 V AO2

28 A from P to O AO1
2 2 2
29 B 2π mf r AO1

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30 B 0.57 m s−1 AO1

T
31 B AO2
2
32 C T T 2 AO2

25

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