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Gartner - 10 Best Practices For Scaling GenAI

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Gartner - 10 Best Practices For Scaling GenAI

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10 Best Practices for Scaling Generative AI Across

the Enterprise
Published 10 January 2024 - ID G00804998 - 21 min read
By Analyst(s): Arun Chandrasekaran, Leinar Ramos, Alberto Pietrobon
Initiatives: Digital Future; Artificial Intelligence

CTOs can avoid obstacles to scaling GenAI by embracing


emerging industry best practices. They must prioritize business
value, focus on AI literacy and responsible AI, nurture cross-
functional collaboration, and stress continuous learning to achieve
successful outcomes.

Overview
Key Findings
■ Generative AI (GenAI) has the potential to transform businesses across industries.
Most business and technology leaders believe that the benefits of GenAI far
outweigh its risks, despite the significant risks it poses and potential regulations
likely to emerge in the near future.

■ Formulating a robust strategy for GenAI that aligns with the business strategy
continues to be a challenge for technology leaders. Responses to GenAI range from
banning it outright to ad hoc experimentation at an individual or department level.
Lack of understanding about emerging industry best practices is constraining
organizationwide pilots and scalable production deployments.

■ The pace of change in the GenAI ecosystem makes it hard for IT leaders to choose
the right approaches and technologies, as the ecosystem is constantly in a state of
flux, which exacerbates supplier selection and renders long-term technology plans
obsolete.

■ IT leaders still see major hurdles to adoption and scaling, such as a skills and talent
shortage, poor data quality, and lack of comprehensive AI governance, risk
mitigation and control.

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Recommendations
■ Leverage Gartner research to create a framework for prioritizing GenAI use cases,
measuring business value and assessing buy-versus-build options. Regularly revisit
and update this framework to stay current with market evolution.

■ Instill AI engineering practices that enable seamless scaling of your pilots such as
agile thinking, sandbox environments for rapid experimentation, composable
platform architecture, FinOps and a product-centric delivery model.

■ Put responsible AI at the heart of your generative efforts. Promote harmonious


interaction among humans and machines with design thinking and by incorporating
human feedback into GenAI applications.

■ Invest in data and AI literacy skills with personalized training programs that focus on
the “doing” as much as the “knowing.” Maintain a balance between the individual
and organizational needs, giving employees the flexibility to customize their own
training journey.

Strategic Planning Assumptions


Through 2025, at least 30% of GenAI projects will be abandoned after proof of concept
(POC) due to poor data quality, inadequate risk controls, escalating costs or unclear
business value.

By 2027, more than 50% of enterprises will have implemented a responsible AI


governance program to address the risks of GenAI, up from less than 2% today.

Introduction
GenAI promises to be one of the most transformative technology trends of this decade.
GenAI can help CTOs tackle complex challenges, innovate at speed and build sustainable
competitive advantages in an ever-evolving digital economy. For CTOs and technology
innovation leaders, it represents not just an advancement in AI, but also a trend capable of
redefining operational efficiency, product development and customer engagement. GenAI
has changed the equation between boards and CEOs versus CIOs and CTOs, ushering a
tighter collaboration and collaborative learning on the art of the possible.

A Gartner webinar poll conducted in September 2023 reveals that more than three-quarters
of technology leaders are optimistic that the benefits of GenAI far outweigh its risks (see
Figure 1). 1

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Figure 1: Generative AI Benefits Outweigh the Risks

Given its strategic importance to the business, formulating best practices for scaling
GenAI is crucial for gaining stakeholder confidence, enabling innovation across the
organization, and building sustainable and adaptable AI strategies that can meet future
needs. While the GenAI ecosystem is rapidly evolving, we believe these emerging top
practices will remain evergreen and help in scaling GenAI in a way that maximizes
benefits, minimizes risks, and ensures that the technology continues to support and
enhance business objectives.

Analysis
The 10 best practices to scale generative AI are detailed below and summarized in Figure
2.

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Figure 2: The 10 Best Practices for Scaling Generative AI

Establish a Continuous Process to Prioritize Use Cases


The first step in the GenAI journey is to determine the AI ambition for the organization and
conduct an exploratory dialogue on the art of the possible, The next step is to solicit
potential use cases that can be piloted with GenAI technologies. Prioritizing GenAI use
cases is a strategic imperative for organizations. Such prioritization should not be driven
solely by the appeal of technology, or the “flashiest demo,” but by a holistic assessment of
its value proposition to the organization. While vendors may suggest discounted POCs
reflecting their capabilities, the key is to identify use cases that deliver tangible business
value and are the most feasible, and avoid those that could lead to growing risks and
costs when scaled in production.

Importantly, the task of prioritizing should be a collective decision, involving not only the
IT and technology teams but also the business lines that will utilize the GenAI application:

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■ Use the Gartner AI opportunity radar to set your organization’s AI ambition and the
use-case prism template to rank your chosen use cases on business value and
technical feasibility (see Gartner AI Opportunity Radar: Set Your Enterprise’s AI
Ambition and Toolkit: Discover and Prioritize Your Best AI Use Cases With a Gartner
Prism). Start with use cases with high business value and high technical feasibility.
Consider our precreated AI use-case prisms to understand the most impactful GenAI
use cases across various industries and business functions. Establish this as a
continuous process to evaluate new use cases and refine existing ones.

■ Perform independent use-case evaluations to avoid undue influence from vendors.

■ Create a framework to measure and track business value, testing each use case at
the pilot stage and monitoring benefits after deployment. Ensure that business value
measures are specific, tangible and time-bound (see Assess the Value and Cost of
Generative AI With New Investment Criteria).

Create a Decision Framework for Build Versus Buy


GenAI initiatives need to scale from a few users to thousands and eventually should be
deployed across the enterprise. Scaling GenAI requires a systematic approach to build
versus buy decisions for the many potential use cases in the organization. This upfront
decision will have a lasting impact and must be thought through carefully for each use
case.

Ideally, you want to build when the AI product can give you a competitive differentiation in
your industry and when you have adequate skills and know-how for the build process. In
the context of GenAI, use cases where you want to minimize risks for regulatory or brand
equity reasons may also warrant a build approach. However, for most core business
functions (such as HR, supply chain, marketing, sales and IT) — either a GenAI embedded
application vendor or a GenAI native solution might be a more feasible approach.

There are a variety of approaches to steer and customize GenAI models — such as in-
context learning, retrieval augmented generation (RAG) or fine-tuning. Use the guidance in
How to Choose an Approach for Deploying Generative AI to analyze the pros and cons of
these approaches for your use case. In addition:

■ Determine how you will make build-versus-buy decisions for GenAI.

■ Evaluate the model training process, security and privacy practices, depth of
integration, ease of prompt engineering, and pricing model of your software vendor
when deciding to buy GenAI applications.

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■ Consider the pros and cons of simple in-context learning (guidance via prompting)
versus RAG or fine-tuning when determining how to steer and customize GenAI
models with your data.

■ Categorize the use cases that you identified earlier across these various approaches.
Revisit this frequently as more efficient and even hybrid techniques (RAG plus fine-
tuning) emerge in the market.

Pilot Use Cases for Scalability


Run pilots to try new ideas, build muscle memory within the organization on the art of the
possible and learn by experimentation. GenAI models are pretrained by model providers,
which can result in tangible value in a short timespan, if executed well (see How to Pilot
Generative AI). However, ensure that pilots are built with scalability in mind by envisioning
future data, privacy, security and usability needs.

To ensure the success of your pilot projects, obtain executive sponsorship, set the right
expectations of project outcomes, focus on business value early on and reduce technical
debt ahead of the pilot:

■ Adopt an agile mindset and start experimenting and testing these use cases to
determine the next step — scale, refine or stop. Don’t be thwarted by early failures —
figure out why the use case failed and then determine whether to refine or stop. Use
the pilot to refine your assumptions on the cost and value of scaling each use case.

■ Create a multidisciplinary tiger team to prototype and test these use cases
combining expertise in data science, IT, security and business. The success of GenAI
initiatives strongly hinges on data quality, models chosen, implementation approach
and ability to iterate.

■ Set up a sandbox environment for safe experimentation across the organization with
adequate security and privacy controls and make multiple GenAI models available to
experiment and iterate within the sandbox. This provides developers the flexibility of
choosing the right models for the right use case.

Design a Composable Generative AI Platform Architecture


The GenAI landscape consists of four critical layers — infrastructure, models, AI
engineering tools and applications (see A CTO’s Guide to the Generative AI Technology
Landscape for more details). Ensure that your platform architecture is composable,
scalable and embedded with governance upfront.

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Understand the pros and cons of an end-to-end platform from a single vendor versus a
disaggregated stack of best-of-breed components. The former provides quick time to
value and better integration between tools but raises the exit costs via lock-in and
enhances supplier dependency risk.

To ensure a flexible and composable architecture:

■ Take a platform approach to GenAI by embracing composability in your architecture


and by decoupling the models from engineering tools, infrastructure and UX layer.
The GenAI model landscape is fast-paced and will constantly evolve, often in ways
we cannot envision today (such as the rise of open-source models and domain
models). Ensure there is enough flexibility in your architecture to swap models
through composability.

■ Determine the right model fit for your use case based on model performance, cost of
ownership, and security and privacy principles.

■ Invest in AI engineering tools for data integration, data serving, automated model
deployment, application development, model monitoring and responsible AI, where
these tools are agnostic to the underlying models but are tightly integrated with
them.

■ Avoid expensive infrastructure build-outs as well as expensive model customization


upfront unless there is a clear business case for it. The largest model is not always
the best choice.

Put Responsible AI at the Forefront of Your Generative AI Efforts


GenAI creates not only new opportunities, but also new risks. Responsible AI is an
umbrella term for all the different aspects of making appropriate business and ethical
choices when adopting AI (see A Comprehensive Guide to Responsible AI). This topic is a
critical lens to make many early decisions in the GenAI journey from the use cases that
will be prioritized, to the acceptable use of GenAI by employees, to the way in which GenAI
will be broadly governed. Without a clear responsible AI framework, organizations will
struggle to balance the benefits and risks of this technology.

When creating a responsible AI framework:

■ Define and publicize a vision for responsible AI with clear principles and policies
across focus areas like fairness, bias mitigation, ethics, risk management, privacy,
sustainability and regulatory compliance.

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■ Identify risks associated with the use of GenAI, including privacy, security,
hallucinations, explainability, legal and compliance challenges. Create specific
action items to mitigate these risks.

■ Consider responsible AI when selecting and prioritizing GenAI use cases. Analyze
each use case against your principles and policies, filtering out use cases that pose
an unacceptable risk level.

■ Designate a champion accountable for the responsible development and use of AI


for each GenAI use case, ensuring they follow the established principles and policies.

■ Evaluate and test emerging tools to mitigate GenAI risks, leveraging native tooling
from model providers, but also looking for solutions to augment their capabilities
(see Innovation Guide for Generative AI in Trust, Risk and Security Management).

Invest in Data and AI Literacy


Unlike traditional AI, which often operates in the background and remains unseen by most
of the workforce, GenAI is poised for active and direct use by a large segment of
employees. This broad deployment requires a strong emphasis on AI literacy: the ability to
utilize AI in context with competency to identify relevant use cases, as well as implement
and operate corresponding AI applications (see Quick Answer: How Are AI Literacy and
Data Literacy Related?).

This includes developing highly technical skills required to operate and customize these
tools, and awareness and capabilities across the business to effectively use and integrate
GenAI into business workflows. This transformation will require adopting change
management best practices to successfully drive adoption at scale such as:

■ Partner with HR to set up career mapping clinics and open mic sessions to address
the fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD) that exists around AI’s impact on skills and
jobs. Consider the impact of different GenAI initiatives on employee workflows.
Involve the impacted employees upfront, identify their concerns and the barriers to
implement the change required, and maintain continuous engagement with them.

■ Focus on upskilling the technology teams with GenAI-specific skills in areas such as
prompt engineering, model validation and tuning, infrastructure management and
responsible AI — to name a few. Encourage citizen prompt engineering councils to
upskill and inculcate prompt engineering best practices.

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■ Create and conduct personalized training programs targeting various business
functions and training senior management on the data and AI literacy skills. Work
with your vendor and service provider partners to leverage their lessons, best
practices and know-how. Organize “lunch and learn” and targeted learning sessions
to upskill talent and accelerate know-how.

■ Maintain a balance between the individual and organizational needs, giving


employees the flexibility to customize their own training journey. Encourage early
adopters and GenAI champions that want to develop in this field, and bring them
together in a community of practice.

Instill Robust Data Engineering Practices


A common misconception is that GenAI does not require high-quality data due to the
massive pretraining of the models. In reality, organizations need to have an AI-ready data
foundation to drive value — data that is curated, high-quality, accurate, enriched and well-
governed (see We Shape AI, AI Shapes Us: 2023 IT Symposium/Xpo Keynote Insights).

GenAI models deliver the most value when combined with organizational data. This
presents some new and unique requirements when it comes to data management, such
as creating data pipelines for retrieval augmented generation, and utilizing tools like
vector databases and knowledge graphs to help organize and find relevant data. CTOs
should:

■ Instill good data engineering practices to ensure a high-quality and automated data
pipeline is available to customize and steer GenAI applications (see 5 Ways to
Enhance Your Data Engineering Practices).

■ Focus on the data that is likely to be used in your use cases, and improve it along the
dimensions required to enhance the performance of these initiatives. Do not try to
improve all of your data.

■ Train AI teams on best practices for integrating models with enterprise data via
vector embeddings as well as emerging approaches for efficient fine-tuning.

■ Invest in capabilities like capturing metadata, building knowledge graphs and


creating data models to better ground and customize GenAI models in your
organization’s context.

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Enable Seamless Collaboration Among Humans and Machines
Fostering collaboration among humans and machines is hard. Machines aren’t optimized
for human workflows, and people’s mistrust in machines (AI) could impede our ability to
work with them. The biggest performance improvements will accrue when humans and AI
work together, enhancing each other’s strengths. Employees need to work with and train AI
agents, explain their outputs, and make sure they are used responsibly. The primary
purpose of using AI — which is to augment humans — needs to be clarified and
reinforced. In addition:

■ Ensure that GenAI applications — whether they are customer-facing or internal — are
designed in a human-centered way, integrated tightly into their workflows, are
intuitive to use and understand human intent clearly.

■ For your most critical use cases, ensure that there is a “human in the loop” to vet the
output of GenAI applications while exploring ways to automate the process to
ensure scaling. Collect, measure and use human feedback to improve the quality of
GenAI applications.

■ Create GenAI communities of practices to encourage knowledge sharing and


informal collaboration. Encourage those teams to impart their lessons via hands-on
experience sessions with a range of creativity-enhancing techniques that can be
applied in a participant’s own environment.

Apply FinOps Practices to Generative AI


Adopting GenAI at scale can be costly. FinOps, which is particularly gaining popularity in
cloud computing, is a set of financial management practices that help organizations
realize more value from their technology investments. A sound FinOps practice applied to
GenAI will need to have visibility into GenAI costs, formulate strategies to optimize it and
employ techniques to actively manage and reduce the costs.

Ensure you clearly understand the pricing model of GenAI vendors well. Most application
vendors charge on a per user basis; they may subsidize or even offer these for free, but it
may not stay free or at a low cost forever. When you fine-tune or use commercial AI
models, you pay per token or batch of tokens used, which can lead to a significant
operational expenditure, if ungoverned.

To control costs:

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■ Implement monitoring tools to audit and track the usage of GenAI models, paying
attention to the number of queries processed, the size of prompts used and the
frequency of API calls. Integrate the usage and cost information into your existing
cloud FinOps reporting and analytics processes for centralized visibility and
reporting.

■ There is an explosion of GenAI models today with each having varying capabilities,
token limits and costs. By pursuing a sandbox environment with multiple models,
builders can select the most suitable model for a specific use case.

■ Educate users on effective prompting techniques that can help reduce input and
output tokens. Consider prompt templates that can standardize effective and
efficient prompts. Explore prompt caching, so that queries can be answered without
the need for an API call.

Adopt a Product Approach for Generative AI


The product-centric delivery model, where timelines are ongoing and designed to
continuously enhance customer value until the service or product is phased out, is critical
for GenAI applications. This is mainly due to the rapid evolution of the market
characterized by the swift introduction of new models and innovative data
science/engineering techniques.

Furthermore, the swift uptake of GenAI applications by both consumers and enterprises is
driving a rapid evolution in end-user demands: they now expect nothing less than optimal
user experiences from existing GenAI applications. This dynamic environment demands
an agile delivery model that can respond to shifting market innovations, underscoring the
relevance of the product-centric approach in developing, deploying and maintaining GenAI
applications.

As the usage of GenAI expands:

■ Adopt a product-centric approach to GenAI with future plans for dedicated product
owners, continuous updates and regular assessments of current approaches’
effectiveness (potentially benchmarking them against innovative approaches
surfacing in the market).

■ Ensure product managers gather and measure user feedback to iterate the product,
enabling early detection and addressing of issues, thus mitigating any surprises.

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■ Monitor emerging trends to not only future-proof your GenAI strategies but also
implement novel techniques that could deliver immediate enhancements — this is a
rapidly evolving landscape. Don’t be afraid to pivot.

■ Avoid running GenAI initiatives as static projects (rather than products), which
restricts the ability to adapt to fast-paced market innovations. This could lead to
outdated solutions and missed opportunities due to not addressing user feedback
and emerging trends.

Table 1 provides a summary of the best practices, recommendations and dependencies


outlined in this research.

Table 1: Summary of Best Practices, Recommendations and Dependencies


(Enlarged table in Appendix)

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Evidence
This research is based on more than 1,000 inquiries conducted by the authors in 2023. In
addition, detailed interviews were conducted with select enterprise leaders and vendors.

1
Generative AI Realities: Proactive Approaches for Quantifiable Business Results — This
webinar was held on 14 September 2023 with 1,419 respondents to the polling. Results of
this poll should not be taken to represent all executives, as the survey responses come
from a population that had expressed interest in GenAI by attending a Gartner webinar on
the subject.

Recommended by the Authors


Some documents may not be available as part of your current Gartner subscription.

Innovation Guide for Generative AI Technologies


4 Ways Generative AI Will Impact CISOs and Their Teams
Tool: Generative AI Policy Template
Hype Cycle for Generative AI, 2023
A Generative AI Playbook for CDAOs
Podcast: AI-Ready Data Provides the Foundation for Generative AI Success

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© 2024 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of
Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. This publication may not be reproduced or distributed in any form
without Gartner's prior written permission. It consists of the opinions of Gartner's research
organization, which should not be construed as statements of fact. While the information contained in
this publication has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, Gartner disclaims all warranties
as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. Although Gartner research may
address legal and financial issues, Gartner does not provide legal or investment advice and its research
should not be construed or used as such. Your access and use of this publication are governed by
Gartner's Usage Policy. Gartner prides itself on its reputation for independence and objectivity. Its
research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from any
third party. For further information, see "Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity." Gartner
research may not be used as input into or for the training or development of generative artificial
intelligence, machine learning, algorithms, software, or related technologies.

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Table 1: Summary of Best Practices, Recommendations and Dependencies

Best Practices Recommendations Dependencies

Establish a Continuous Process to Prioritize Use ■ Use the Gartner AI opportunity radar to set the ■ Involve the business units and functions that
Cases AI ambition and use-case prism template to will be the primary users of the use cases to
rank your chosen use cases. assess their value.

■ Create a framework to measure and track ■ Involve IT and data science teams to assess the
business value, both during pilot and in use case feasibility.
production.

Create a Decision Framework for Build Versus Buy ■ Develop a systematic decision framework to ■ Engage the sourcing team for input on
assess build versus buy options for each approved vendors and potential solutions.
potential GenAI use case within the
■ Involve IT and data science teams to assess
organization.
feasibility of development and deployment
■ Regularly revisit and update your categorization options.
of use cases across various approaches, given
the rapid evolution of techniques in the market.

Pilot Use Cases for Scalability ■ Adopt an agile mindset and run pilots to ■ Engage with data science, IT, security and
experiment with GenAI applications, using the business teams to form a multidisciplinary tiger
lessons to refine strategies. team to pilot and test GenAI use cases.

■ Create a sandbox environment for controlled


experimentation with multiple GenAI models,

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ensuring flexibility in choosing the right models
for use cases.

Design a Composable GenAI Platform Architecture ■ Develop a flexible and modular GenAI platform ■ Engage with IT infrastructure and data science
architecture that is scalable and incorporates teams to ensure the right balance between an
governance from the outset. end-to-end platform and a disaggregated stack
of best-of-breed components.
■ Invest in AI engineering tools that are model-
agnostic but tightly integrated, ensuring
efficient data integration, automated
deployment and responsible AI usage.

Put Responsible AI at the Forefront of Your GenAI ■ Incorporate a clear responsible AI framework ■ Collaborate with legal and compliance teams to
Efforts into your GenAI strategy, focusing on areas like identify potential risks associated with the use
fairness, bias mitigation, ethics and risk of GenAI, and create action plans for mitigation.
management.
■ Appoint an AI champion or involve a team
■ Regularly evaluate and test emerging tools to responsible for ensuring the ethical
mitigate GenAI risks, augmenting capabilities of development and usage of AI for each GenAI
model providers. use case.

Invest in Data and AI Literacy ■ Invest in initiatives to amplify AI literacy ■ Collaborate with the HR department to organize
throughout the organization for informed interactive sessions addressing AI’s impact on
utilization of GenAI. skills and jobs, and for career mapping.

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■ Establish personalized training programs ■ Work closely with technology teams to
tailored to upskill different business functions encourage upskilling and foster best practices
and senior management on data and AI literacy in areas like prompt engineering and responsible
skills. AI.

Instill Robust Data Engineering Practices ■ Implement robust data engineering practices to ■ Partner with the data and analytics team to
ensure availability of high-quality, curated and focus on improving relevant data likely to be
well-governed organizational data. used in your use cases.

■ Invest in training for AI teams on best practices


for integrating models with enterprise data and
efficient fine-tuning techniques.

Enable Seamless Collaboration Among Humans ■ Ensure that GenAI applications are designed in ■ Partner with HR and business units to clarify
and Machines a human-centric way, capturing your intent and the rules governing human-machine
being integrated into your workflows. collaboration, and create strategies to
incentivize a meaningful partnership.
■ Collect, measure and use human feedback to
improve the quality of GenAI applications.

Apply FinOps Practices to GenAI ■ Adopt FinOps practices for GenAI to gain ■ Involve IT and data science teams to identify
visibility into costs, optimize strategies and techniques to actively manage and reduce the
manage expenses actively. costs.

■ Implement monitoring tools and education ■ Engage with existing FinOps cross-functional
methods to drive cost-efficient usage of GenAI teams to leverage their knowledge and

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models across the organization. experience.

Adopt a Product Approach for GenAI ■ Implement a product-centric approach for ■ Engage with the AI center of excellence or R&D
GenAI with future plans for dedicated product team for monitoring GenAI market trends.
owners and frequent updates to improve the
■ Engage with the business units or functions
end-user experience.
where the application is in use, whether
■ Proactively monitor emerging trends to future- internally to employees or externally to clients,
proof your GenAI strategies and implement to gather feedback and suggestions for
innovative techniques that could deliver improvement.
immediate enhancements.

Source: Gartner (January 2024)

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