Homework Log

Unit 4: Equations

Questions
Day Date Topic Assigned Work to ask in
class
1 Solve Simple Equations p. 5 #1 – 3

p. 8 #1 – 3 (every other
2 Solve Equations with Brackets
letter), 4, 5
Solve Equations with Fractions –
3 p. 10 #1 – 3
Part 1
Solve Equations with Fractions – p. 12 #1 – 3
4
Part 2 Extra Practice pp. 13 - 14

5 Introduction to Word Problems p. 17 #1 – 15

6 Word Problems: Age & Perimeter p. 21 #1 – 14

7 Unit 4 Review pp. 23 – 24

8 Unit 4 Test

MTH1W1 4-1
 SOLVE EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONS – Part 2
Recall
To solve equations with fractions:
1. Eliminate the fractions by multiplying every term in the equation by the lowest
common denominator (LCD).

2. Follow the same steps as before to isolate the variable.

Example 1: Solve each of the following.

1 3(y - 5)
a) (8  x )  6 b) 7
3 4

2x  3 x 4 2x  5 3(x  2)
c)  d) 
2 4 3 4

4x  1 2x  1
e)   2
4 5

MTH1W1 4-11
 Practice – Solve Equations with Fractions – Part 2

Answer each of the following on a separate sheet of paper. Show all steps of your
solution.

1. Solve each of the following.

1 3 3
a) x  3  2 b) 6   a  7 c) 9  k  4 
4 5 2
m7 3k  5 2p  3
d) 3 e)  10 f) 1 
5 2 5
  
2. Solve each of the following.
 h4 h3  d  2 d 1  x4 x2
a)  b)  c) 
5 6 4 3 3 5
2y  3 y 1 2k  5 4k  2 3m  4 2m  3
d)  e)  f) 
2 4 3 5 4 3
  
3. Solve each of the following.
 x 1 x  2 x 1 x  7 n5 n
a)  7  b)  3  c)  1
3 6 2 6 2 3
k 1 k  5 w  1 2  3w 4c  5 3c
d) 4   e)   1 f)   c
3 5 3 2 3 2
  

  

Answers
1a) x = -5 b) a = -3 c) k = 2 d) m = 8 e) k = 5 f) p = 4
2a) h = 9 b) d = -10 c) x = -7 d) y = 1 e) k = -37 f) m = 12
3a) x = 14 b) x = 4 c) n = -9 d) k = 5 e) w = 2 f) c = -2

MTH1W1 4-12
Extra Practice – Solving Equations

1. Solve each of the following. Show all steps of your solution.

2 5
a) n  6  10 b) 18  r  12
5 2

2 5 1 1 5 1 2 3
c) x  x d) x  x
3 6 2 3 7 2 3 14

3 3 1 9 3x  2 7 x  1
e) x  x f) 
8 4 2 16 5 4

MTH1W1 4-13
 5 x  2 1 3x  7 7x  3 1 8x  3
g)   h)  
3 2 4 2 4 5

5 x  3 1 4x  7 5 c  3 1c c
i)    j)  4   
2 3 4 6 6 8 12

Answers
a) n = 10 b) r = -12 c) x =3 d) x = 6
3 3 19 13
e) x   f) x   g) x   h) x 
2 23 11 38
17 j) c = -9
i) x  
18

MTH1W1 4-14
 INTRODUCTION TO WORD PROBLEMS

Steps for Solving Word Problems

1. Start by reading the whole question, not just parts of it.

2. Identify what the problem is asking. What is the exact question you need to answer?
3. Identify what information is given.
4. Translate the problem into an equation.
 Choose a variable to represent an unknown quantity. Always define your variables
with a “Let Statement”. For example, Let x represent the number of dimes
 Use any given information to express any other unknown quantities in terms of the
first unknown.
 Use the variable and any expressions you created to make an equation.
5. Solve the equation and determine the unknown variable.
6. Check. Ask yourself, “Is your solution reasonable?”
7. Write a concluding statement.

Key words to translate word problems into math equations:

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Equals

 add  decreased by  of  per  is
 increased  minus  times  out of  are
by  less  multiplied  quotient of  was
 more than  difference by  percent  were
 combined between/of  product of (divide by  will be
 together  less than  doubled 100)  gives
 total of  fewer than  tripled, etc  split  yields
 sum  subtract  half  sold for
 plus  take away  third  same as
 added to  reduced by  get
 And

Example 1: Write a mathematical expression for each of the following:

Let n represent a number.

a) A number increased by 6.

b) A number decreased by 3.

c) Four less than a number.

d) Seven times a number.

e) A number doubled, then increased by 7.

MTH1W1 4-15
Example 2: For each of the following, define a variable, write an equation and solve.
a) A number tripled and then increased by itself is 16.

b) A number divided by 7 and then decreased by 5 is 11.

Example 3: One number is 16 larger than another. The sum of the numbers is 72. What
are the two numbers?

Example 4: Find three consecutive numbers whose sum is 75.

MTH1W1 4-16
Practice – Introduction to Word Problems

For each of the following, define all variables used, write an equation and solve.

1. One number is 28 larger than another. The sum of the numbers is 420. What are the
two numbers?

2. One number is five times as large as another. Their sum is 900. What are the two
numbers?

3. One number is four times as large as another. Their sum is 45. What is the smaller
number?

4. Find five consecutive numbers whose sum is 175.

5. Find four consecutive odd numbers whose sum is 240.

6. Suppose that two sides of a triangle are equal, and the third side is 10 cm greater than
each of the other two. The perimeter of the triangle is 100 cm. Find the length of each
side.

7. Suppose that two angles of a triangle are equal and the third angle is 6 less than each
of the other two. How large is each angle?

8. One angle of a triangle is 7 more than the smallest angle. The third angle is 20 more
than the smallest. How large is each angle?

9. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 753. What is the smallest number?

10. A piece of wire 80 inches long is cut into two pieces. One piece is 5 inches more than
twice the other. How long is the shorter piece?

11. Peter ran 2 km less than Paul. They ran a total distance of 12 km. How far did each
person run?

12. One number is three times another number. If the sum of the numbers is 36,
determine the two numbers.

13. A number is four more than twice another number. If the difference between the
numbers is 27, determine the numbers.

14. The sum of two numbers is 73. Twice the first number plus the second number is
118. Determine the two numbers.

15. A number, n, decreased by 5, is equal to 3 times the number plus 1. Determine the
number.

16. The sum of one-half of a number q, and three-fifths is two-thirds the number q.
Determine the number.
Solutions
1. 196 and 224 2. 150 and 750 3. 9 4. 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37 5. 57, 59, 61 and 63
6. 40 cm, 30 cm and 30 cm 7. 56, 62 and 62 8. 58, 51 and 71 9. 250 10. 25 inches
18
11. Paul 7 km, Peter 5 km 12. 9 and 27 13. 23 and 50 14. 28 and 45 15. n = -3 16. q 
5
MTH1W1 4-17
MTH1W1 4-18
 WORD PROBLEMS: AGE & PERIMETER

Steps to solving Age Word Problems

1. Choose a variable to represent the first age and define it by writing a “Let Statement”.
2. Write an expression for the second age in terms of the first age.
3. Create and solve the equation.
4. Check (Is your solution reasonable?)
5. Write a concluding statement.

Example 1: For each of the following, define a variable and write an expression.

a) Jason is 22 years older than Anna.

Let ________________________________________________________________________

Anna’s age: Jason’s age:

b) Maria is three times as old as Gary.

Let ________________________________________________________________________

Gary’s age: Maria’s age:

c) What will Maria’s and Gary’s age be in 6 years? (use information from above)

Gary’s age in 6 years: Maria’s age in 6 years:

Sum of their ages in 6 years:

Example 2: Joe is three times as old as Tony. In four years the sum of their ages will be
32. What are their ages now?

1. Choose a variable and define it by writing a “Let Statement”.

2. Write an expression to represent Joe’s age in terms of Tony’s age.

3. Create and solve the equation.

4. Check.

5. Write a concluding statement.

MTH1W1 4-19
Example 3: Pete is twice as old as Chris. Seven years ago the sum of their ages was 34.
Find their ages now.

Perimeter Word Problems - Hints

 Draw a diagram. It helps to visualize the problem.
 Write an expression for the length in terms of the width (or vice versa).

Example 4: The length of a rectangle is 5 m greater than its width. If the perimeter is
42 m determine the dimensions.

Example 5. The square and equilateral triangle shown below have the same
perimeters. What are the dimensions of each figure?

3k 2k + 1

MTH1W1 4-20
Practice - Age & Perimeter Word Problems

Answer each of the following on lined paper. Be sure to define all variables used, write an
equation and solve.

1. Karen is twice as old as Lori. Three years from now the sum of their ages will be 42.
How old is each girl now?

2. Pete is twice as old as Chris. Seven years ago the sum of their ages was 31. Find their
ages now.

3. Heidi is three times as old as Jamie. Four years from now the sum of their ages will be
56. How old are they now?

4. Mary is five times as old as Amy. Nine years ago the sum of their ages was 54. Find
their ages now.

5. Mary is twice as old as Jean and 7 years older than Hazel. The sum of their ages is 53.
How old is each person?

6. Frank is eight years older than his sister. In three years he will be twice as old as she is.
How old are they now?

7. One-half of Peter’s age two years from now plus one-third of his age three years ago is
20. How old is Peter?

8. Paul’s age is six less than twice Lucien’s age. Two years ago, the sum of their ages was
29. How old is Paul?

9. George is three times as old as Sam. Five years from now, the sum of their ages will be
46. Determine their current ages.

10. The perimeter of a rectangle is 156 cm. The length is twice as long as the width. Find
the length and width.

11. The perimeter of a rectangle is 80 cm. The length is 8 cm more than the width. What
is the width?

12. The perimeter of a rectangle is 36 cm. The width is 5 cm less than the length.
Determine the dimensions of the rectangle.

13. To find the length of a certain rectangle you must triple the width and add 5 m. If the
perimeter of the rectangle is 74 m, determine the dimensions.

14. A square has side length 2k – 1 units. An equilateral triangle has sides of length k + 2
units. The square and the triangle have the same perimeter. What is the value of k?

Solutions
1. Lori 12, Karen 24 2. Chris 15, Pete 30 3. Jamie 12, Heidi 36 4. Amy 12, Mary 60
5. Jean 12, Mary 24, Hazel 17 6. Frank 13, sister 5 7. Peter 24 8. Paul 20
9. Sam 9, George 27 10. width 26 cm, length 52 cm 11. width 16 cm
12. length 11.5 cm, width 6.5 cm 13. width 8 m, length 29 m 14. k=2

MTH1W1 4-21
MTH1W1 4-22
 RELAX … REVIEW WORD PROBLEMS

1. Three more than a number is twenty-one. What is the number?

2. In twelve years Mike will be three times his current age. How old is Mike now?

3. Two consecutive numbers have a sum of twenty-three. What are the two numbers?

4. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 3 consecutive odd integers. If the perimeter of
the triangle is 21 cm, what are the lengths of the sides?

5. A board is to be cut into two pieces. One piece is to be three times as long as the other.
If the board is 5 m long, what will be the length of the longer piece?

6. The length of a rectangle is 5 cm longer than the width. The perimeter is 54 cm. What
is the length of the rectangle?

7. A coffee and a doughnut cost $3.75. The coffee costs a 75 cents more than the
doughnut. How much does the coffee cost?

8. To find the length of a certain rectangle you must triple the width and add 5 m. If the
perimeter of the rectangle is 74 m, find the dimensions.

9. A bottle and a cork cost $1.05. The bottle costs a nickel more than the cork. How
much does the cork cost?

Solutions
1. 18 2. 6 years old 3. 11 and 12 4. 5 cm, 7 cm and 9 cm 5. 3.75 m
6. 16 cm 7. $2.25 8. w = 8 m, l = 29 m 9. $0.50

MTH1W1 4-23
Extra Practice – Solving Equations

Answer each of the following on a separate sheet of paper. Show all steps of your
solution.

1. Solve.
a) 3 y  5  11 b) 4 x  3   11 c) 17  4c  3
d) 6 x  8  4 x  10 e) 9 p  10  6  p f) 2m  6.1  16.5
g) 4a  2.8  6.8 h) 15.8  6m  3.8 i) 8v  6.9  3v  3.6

2. Solve.
a) 3n  4  5n b) 3x  10  2x  3 c) 2x  2  23  x 
d) 4c  2  3c  1 e) 8m  1  4m  4 f) 43  r   52r  1
g) 122m  3  2m  4 h) 0.5x  2  0.1x  0.6x  3 i) 6.5x  3  2.43  x 

3. Solve.
x 3x m
a) 4 b)  9 c) 6 
2 5 4
x 3 1
d) 2 6 e) 3  x  3 f) x 34
7 2 4
4 2 1
g) x 35 h) 7  1  x i) 7  y  10
5 3 2
1 3 1
j) b  2  2 k) 16  10  x l)  5  x   7
3 5 4

4. Solve.
1 2 7 1 n n
a) 2 y  b) x2 c) 1
2 3 6 3 4 5
m m 2 4 3 2
d) 3   5  e) y 3 y 5 f) x2 x3
2 3 3 5 5 3
x 3 1 1 1 3 1
g)   h) x  x  10 i) x  x 5
8 2 40 2 3 4 8

5. Solve.

a)
1
2 x  1  1 b)
1
6  2 y   2 c)
1
x  5  x
3 6 2 4
d)
1
 y  2  y e) 2 x  15  3
3
f)
1
x  1  1 x  1
2 3 5 2 4
4x  1 2x  3 y7 y2 y  4 y 1
g)  h)  i) 
5 2 3 4 3 2

Answers
1a) y = 2 b) x = -2 c) c = 5 d) x = -9 e) p = 2 f) m = 5.2 g) a = 2.4 h) m = 2 i) y = 2.1
2a) n = 6 b) x = 4 c) x = 5/2 d) c = 11 e) m = 6 f) r = 1/2 g) m = 2 h) x = 14 2i) x = 3
3a) x = 8 b) x = -15 c) m = 24 d) x = -21 e) x = 4 f) x = 28 g) x = 10 h) x = 9 i) y = 6 j) b = 12
3k) x = 10 l) x = -8
4a) y = 1/12 b) x = 2 c) n = 20 d) m = -12 e) y = 15 f) x = -75 g) x = 59/5 h) x = 12 i) x = 8
5a) x = 2 b) y = 3 c) x = 10 d) y = -6 e) x = -5 f) x = 3 g) x = -17/2 h) y = 22 i) y = 5

MTH1W1 4-24