Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.

Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

Final 2019-2020 (Solution)

1) The 12.5 mm diameter rod CE and the 19 mm diameter rod DF are
attached to a rigid bar ABCD as shown in figure. The two rods are made
of Aluminum (𝐸𝐴𝑙 = 73 𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝐴𝑙 = 0.33). If a force of 44.5 KN is
applied to the rigid bar ABCD at point A as shown , determine:
a) The deflection of point A and the
𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚
corresponding extensions of the
rods CE and DF. 305 203
457
b) The average normal stress in the
rod CE.
c) The average normal strain in the
rod DF and its new diameter.
44.5 𝐾𝑁 610
Solution 760

ABCD ‫ للينك‬F.B.D ‫نرسم ال‬

305 203
457

44.5 𝐾𝑁

∑ 𝑴𝑩 = 𝟎
𝐹𝐶𝐸 ∗ 305 + 𝐹𝐷𝐹 ∗ (305 + 203) − (44.5 ∗ 103 ) ∗ 457 = 0
305𝐹𝐶𝐸 + 508𝐹𝐷𝐹 = 20336500 (1)
‫ كما بالشكل أسفل‬deflection ‫ فإنه يحدث‬A ‫ عند النقطة‬44.5 KN ‫عند تأثير القوة‬

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 ‫‪Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef‬‬ ‫‪Final (2019-2020) exam‬‬

‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪203‬‬
‫‪457‬‬

‫من تشابه المثلثاث (في الشكل السابق )‪:‬‬

‫‪𝛿𝐴 457‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪𝛿𝐶 305‬‬
‫𝐶𝛿‬ ‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪305‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪𝛿𝐷 305 + 203 508‬‬
‫𝐸𝐶𝐿 𝐸𝐶𝐹‬ ‫𝐸𝐶𝐹‪610‬‬
‫= 𝐶𝛿‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝜋‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫𝐴𝐸‬ ‫‪𝐸 ∗ 4 12.5‬‬‫‪2‬‬

‫𝐹𝐷𝐿 𝐹𝐷𝐹‬ ‫𝐹𝐷𝐹‪760‬‬

‫= 𝐷𝛿‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝜋‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫𝐴𝐸‬ ‫‪𝐸 ∗ 4 19‬‬‫‪2‬‬

‫بالتعويض من المعادلة (‪ )4‬و (‪ )5‬في المعادلة (‪ )3‬ينتج أن ‪:‬‬

‫𝐸𝐶𝐹‪610‬‬
‫𝜋‬
‫‪𝐸 ∗ 4 12.52 305‬‬ ‫𝐸𝐶𝐹 ‪610 ∗ 192‬‬ ‫‪305‬‬
‫=‬ ‫→‬ ‫=‬
‫𝐹𝐷𝐹‪760‬‬ ‫‪508‬‬ ‫‪760 ∗ 12.52 𝐹𝐷𝐹 508‬‬
‫𝜋‬
‫‪𝐸 ∗ 4 192‬‬

‫‪3125‬‬
‫= 𝐸𝐶𝐹‬ ‫𝐹‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫𝐹𝐷 ‪9652‬‬
‫بالتعويض من المعادلة (‪ )6‬في المعادلة (‪:)1‬‬
‫‪3125‬‬
‫∗ ‪305‬‬ ‫‪𝐹 + 508𝐹𝐷𝐹 = 20336500‬‬
‫𝐹𝐷 ‪9652‬‬
‫𝑁 ‪𝐹𝐷𝐹 = 33517.16‬‬

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

3125 3125
𝐹𝐶𝐸 = 𝐹 = ∗ 33517.16 = 10851.75 𝑁
9652 𝐷𝐹 9652
𝑭𝑪𝑬 𝑳𝑪𝑬 𝟔𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟓
𝜹𝑪 = = 𝝅 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟗 𝒎𝒎
𝑬𝑨 𝟑
𝟕𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟒 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝟐

𝛿𝐶 305
= → 𝜹𝑫 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝛿𝐷 508
𝛿𝐴 457
= → 𝜹𝑨 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝛿𝐶 305
Normal stress in rod CE
𝑭𝑪𝑬 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟓
𝝈𝑪𝑬 = = 𝝅 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟒𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑨 𝟐
𝟒 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓
Average normal strain in rod DF and its new diameter
𝜹𝑫 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟕
𝜺𝒚 = = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟗𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑳𝑫𝑭 𝟕𝟔𝟎
𝜀𝑥
𝑣=−
𝜀𝑦

𝜀𝑥 = −𝑣𝜀𝑦 = −0.33 ∗ 1.6193 ∗ 10−3 = −5.34383 ∗ 10−3

∆𝐷
𝜀𝑥 = → ∆𝐷 = 𝜀𝑥 𝐷𝑜 = −5.34383 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 19 = −0.01 𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑜
∆𝐷 = 𝐷𝑓 − 𝐷𝑜

𝑫𝒇 = 𝑫𝒐 + ∆𝑫 = 𝟏𝟗 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒎

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

2) The shaft shown in Figure 2 has a diameter of 40 mm.

a) Find the magnitudes of the bearing reactions (𝑪𝒚 , 𝑪𝒛 , 𝑫𝒚 , 𝑫𝒛 ),
assuming the bearings act as simple supports.
b) Draw the bending-moment and
the torque diagrams for the shaft.
c) At the point of maximum bending
moment, determine the bending
stress, the torsional shear stress,
the principal stresses and the
maximum shear stress.
Solution

.)x-z( ‫) و‬x-y( ‫ لذلك البد من التعامل مع المستويين‬y,z ‫يجب إيجاد ردود األفعال في االتجاهين‬

For (X-Z) plane

𝑪𝒛 𝑫𝒛

𝟖 𝑲𝑵

∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0

8 ∗ 600 − 𝐷𝑍 ∗ 750 = 0

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

𝑫𝒛 = 𝟔. 𝟒 𝑲𝑵

∑ 𝐹𝑧 = 0

8 − 𝑪𝒛 − 𝐷𝑧 = 0

𝑪𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟔 𝑲𝑵

For (X-Y) plane

𝟏𝟒 𝑲𝑵
𝑪𝒚

𝑫𝒚

∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0

14 ∗ 150 − 𝐷𝑦 ∗ 750 = 0

𝑫𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟖 𝑲𝑵

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

−14 + 𝑪𝒚 + 𝐷𝑦 = 0

𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐 𝑲𝑵

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

Bending Moment Diagram

𝑀𝐴𝑥𝑧 = 240 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐴𝑥𝑦 = 1680 𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝐴 = √𝑀𝐴𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑀𝐴𝑥𝑧 2 = √2402 + 16802 = 1697.2 𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝐵𝑥𝑧 = 960 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝑥𝑦 = 420 𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝐵 = √𝑀𝐵𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑀𝐵𝑥𝑧 2 = √9602 + 4202 = 1047.85 𝑁. 𝑚

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝐴 = 1697.2 𝑁. 𝑚

Torque Diagram
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆(𝑻) = (𝐹𝑡1 − 𝐹𝑡2 ) ∗ 𝑟 = (10 − 4) ∗ 100 = 600 𝑁. 𝑚

The max bending moment at point A

3 40
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑦 1697.2 ∗ 10 ∗ 2
𝜎𝑥 = = 𝜋 = 270.11 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼𝑥 4
64 40
𝑇𝑟 16𝑇 16 ∗ 600 ∗ 103
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = = = = 47.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐽 𝜋𝑑 3 𝜋 ∗ 403
▪ Principle normal stress
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 1 2
𝜎1,2 = ± √(𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 ) + 4𝜏𝑥𝑦 2
2 2
270.11 + 0 1
𝜎1,2 = ± √(270.11 − 0)2 + 4 ∗ 47.752
2 2
𝜎1 = 278.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎2 = −8.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
▪ max shear stress (𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 )

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

1 2 2 𝜎1 − 𝜎2 278.3 − (−8.19)
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = √ (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 ) + 4𝜏𝑥𝑦 = =
2 2 2
= 143.245 𝑀𝑃𝑎

3) For the state of stress shown in figure, determine:

a. The principle stresses, the maximum 𝟑𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
in-plane shear stress and the
corresponding normal stress. 𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
b. The orientation of each case that
𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
calculated in (a).
c. The state of stress on the shown
element when it is oriented 30°
clockwise from the current position.
d. Draw Mohr's circle for the state of stress shown in figure.
Solution
From figure, 𝜎𝑥 = 45 𝑀𝑝𝑎 , 𝜎𝑦 = 30 𝑀𝑝𝑎 , 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 50 𝑀𝑝𝑎

 The principle stresses

𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎1,2 = ± √( ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2
2 2

45 + 30 45 − 30 2
= ± √( ) + 502
2 2

𝜎1 = 88.06 𝑀𝑝𝑎 & 𝜎2 = −13.06 𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 ∶ 𝜎1 + 𝜎2 = 88.06 − 13.06 = 75 𝑀𝑝𝑎 = 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 (𝑂𝑘)

 Maximum in-plane shear stress

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 45 − 30
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √( ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 = √( ) + 502 = 50.56 𝑀𝑝𝑎
2 2

Associated (corresponding) normal stress (𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 )

𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 45 + 30
𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 37.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
 The orientation
▪ principal normal stress
2𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 ∗ (50)
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃𝑃 = =
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 45 − 30

2𝜃𝑃 = 81.469° → 𝜃𝑃 = 40.73°

▪ The orientation of principal shear stress
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 45 − 30
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃𝑠 = − =
2𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 ∗ 50

2𝜃𝑠 = −8.5307° → 𝜃𝑠 = −4.27°

𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 ∶ |𝜃𝑝 − 𝜃𝑠 | = |40.73 − (−4.27)| = 45° (𝑂𝑘)

 The state of stress on the shown element when it is oriented 𝟑𝟎°

clockwise from the current position.
𝜃 = −30°
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥̀ = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2
45 + 30 45 − 30
𝜎𝑥̀ = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ∗ (−30) + 50𝑠𝑖𝑛2(−30)
2 2

𝜎𝑥̀ = −2.51 𝑀𝑝𝑎

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑦̀ = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2
45 + 30 45 − 30
𝜎𝑦̀ = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ∗ (−30) − 50𝑠𝑖𝑛2(−30)
2 2

𝜎𝑦̀ = 77.51 𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 ∶ 𝜎𝑥̀ + 𝜎𝑦̀ = −2.51 + 77.51 = 75 𝑀𝑝𝑎 = 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 (𝑂𝑘)

𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜏𝑥̀ 𝑦̀ = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
2
45 − 30
𝜏−30 =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(−30) + 50𝑐𝑜𝑠2(−30) = 31.495 𝑀𝑝𝑎
2

 The Mohr's circle .

𝐴 = (𝜎𝑥 , 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) = (45,50)

𝐵 = (𝜎𝑦 , −𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) = (30, −50)

𝝉 𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝝈𝟐 𝝈𝟏 𝝈

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

4) The beam shown in figure 4 is subjected to

a bending moment of 30 N.m and a sheer
force of 800 N, it is required to:
a. Calculate the principle stresses at the
points A,B,C and D.
b. Draw the normal and shear stress
distribution on the cross section.
Solution
𝑴𝒚 𝑽𝑺
Points Normal stress (𝝈 = ± 𝑰 ) Shear stress 𝝉 = ( 𝑰𝒃 )
𝑀𝑦𝐴
𝜎=−
𝐼
30 ∗ 103 ∗ 100
A =− 𝜏=0
100 ∗ 2003
12
= −0.045 𝑀𝑝𝑎
3𝑉 3 ∗ 800
𝜏= =
B 𝜎 = 0 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑁. 𝐴) 2𝐴 2 ∗ (100 ∗ 200)
= 0.06 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑦𝐶 𝑉𝑆
𝜎= 𝜏=( )
𝐼 𝐼𝑏
30 ∗ 103 ∗ 50 𝑆 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑑 = 100 ∗ 50 ∗ 75
= = 375000 𝑚𝑚2
100 ∗ 2003
C 12 𝑏 = 100 𝑚𝑚
= 0.0225 𝑀𝑝𝑎 800 ∗ 375000
𝜏=
100 ∗ 2003
∗ 100
12
= 0.045 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑀𝑦𝐷 𝜏=0
𝜎=
𝐼
30 ∗ 103 ∗ 100
D =
100 ∗ 2003
12
= 0.045 𝑀𝑝𝑎
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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

 The principle stresses

𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎1,2 = ± √( ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2
2 2

At point A

−0.045 + 0 −0.045 − 0 2
= ± √( ) + 02
2 2

𝜎1 = 0 𝑀𝑝𝑎 & 𝜎2 = −0.045 𝑀𝑝𝑎

At point B

0+0 0−0 2
= ± √( ) + 0.062
2 2

𝜎1 = 0.06 𝑀𝑝𝑎 & 𝜎2 = −0.06 𝑀𝑝𝑎

At point C

0.0225 + 0 0.0225 − 0 2
= ± √( ) + 0.0452
2 2

𝜎1 = 0.0575 𝑀𝑝𝑎 & 𝜎2 = −0.035 𝑀𝑝𝑎

At point D

0.045 + 0 0.045 − 0 2
= ± √( ) + 02
2 2

𝜎1 = 0.045 𝑀𝑝𝑎 & 𝜎2 = 0 𝑀𝑝𝑎

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 The Stress distribution

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

5) A steel spherical pressure vessel has 1.488 m inner radius and its wall
thickness is 12 mm , knowing that the used steel has allowable stress of
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 80 𝑀𝑝𝑎, young's modulus E=200 GPa and poison's ratio 𝑣 =
0.29, it is required to determine:
a) The allowable gauge pressure using von-misses and Tresca criteria
b) The corresponding increase in diameter of the vessel.
Solution
𝑃𝑟 𝑃 ∗ 1.488 ∗ 103
𝜎1 = 𝜎2 = = = 62𝑃 𝑀𝑝𝑎
2𝑡 2 ∗ 12
▪ Using Von-misses

𝜎𝑒𝑞𝑢 = √𝜎1 2 + 𝜎2 2 − 𝜎1 𝜎2 = √(62𝑃)2 + (62𝑃)2 − 62𝑃 ∗ 62𝑃

= 62𝑃 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝜎𝑒𝑞𝑢 ≤ 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙

62𝑃 = 80 → 𝑃 = 1.29 𝑀𝑝𝑎

▪ Using Tresca theory
1 𝑃𝑟
𝜎𝑒𝑞𝑢 = 2𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 ∗ 𝜎1 = = 62𝑃 𝑀𝑝𝑎
2 2𝑡
𝜎𝑒𝑞𝑢 ≤ 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙

62𝑃 = 80 → 𝑃 = 1.29 𝑀𝑝𝑎

 The corresponding increase in diameter of the vessel.
1 1 (1 − 0.29)
𝜺𝟏 = (𝜎1 − 𝑣𝜎2 ) = (1 − 𝑣)𝜎1 = 3
∗ 80 = 2.84 ∗ 10−4
𝐸 𝐸 200 ∗ 10
∆𝑑
𝜺𝟏 = → ∆𝑑 = 2.84 ∗ 10−4 ∗ (2 ∗ 1488) = 0.845184 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑖
∆𝑑𝑜 = 2.84 ∗ 10−4 ∗ 2(12 + 1488) = 0.852 𝑚𝑚

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

Try These problems:

(Final2019): A circular cylinder of 30 mm in diameter is subjected to a tensile
force of 5 KN, a bending moment of 4 KN.m, and a twisting moment of 6
KN.m.
a) Determine the principal stresses then,
b) Find the equivalent stress by:
1) The distortion energy theory, and
2) The maximum shear theory, and
3) The maximum normal theory.

A thin cylinder with closed ends has an internal diameter of 150 mm and 5 mm
thickness is subjected to an internal pressure of Pi = 5 MPa. The material tests
𝝈𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟑𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂.
a) Determine the radial and tangential stress distribution.
b) Examine if it is safe or not by the distortion energy theory.

In the Figure shown, the steel rod BA has a

diameter of 20 mm and the stiffness of the spring is
k = 50 MN/m. The modulus of elasticity and the
poisson’s ratio of the steel are Est. = 200 GPa and
νst. = 0.32, respectively. For the 60 KN applied
force, determine:
(a) The displacement of the end A.
(b) The average normal strain and the average
normal stress in the rod BA.
(c) The new length and the new diameter of the rod BA

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 Prepared By: Eng. Sherif M.Youssef Final (2019-2020) exam

The rigid bar BDE is supported by two deformable links AB and CD. Link
AB is made of aluminum ( Eal.=70 GPa ) and has a cross-sectional area of
500mm2 ; link CD is made of steel ( Est.= 200 GPa ) and has a cross-
sectional area of 600 mm2 (as in Figure). For 30 kN force shown and
assuming that the links AB and CD remain vertical,
determine:
(a) The vertical deflection at the points E, D and B.
(b) The average normal stress developed in the links AB and CD.

With Best Wishes,

Sherif Youssef

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