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1.6 AI Problems

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45 views20 pages

1.6 AI Problems

Uploaded by

xegoke1134
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLASSIC AI PROBLEMS

Classic AI Problems:
⚫ Vacuum cleaner problem
⚫ Water Jug problem
⚫ The Farmer ,Wolf ,Goat and Cabbage Problem
⚫ 8 puzzle problem
⚫ A travelling salesman problem
⚫ Tower of Hanoi
⚫ Monkeys and bananas
⚫ Chess etc
Vacuum Cleaner Problem
Problem Statement:
⚫ This particular world has just two locations:
⚫ Squares A
⚫ Square B.
⚫ The vacuum agent perceives which square it is in and whether
there is dirt in the square.
⚫ It can choose to
⚫ move left,
⚫ move right,
⚫ clean up the dirt,
⚫ Do nothing.
Possible Actions:
⚫ One very simple agent function is the following:
⚫ if the current square is dirty, then clean,
⚫ otherwise move to the other square.
Problem Formulation:
⚫ States:
⚫ The agent is in one of two locations, each of which might or might not
contain dirt.
⚫ Thus there are 2 x 22 = 8 possible world states.

⚫ Initial state:
⚫ Any state can be designated as the initial state.

⚫ Successor function:
⚫ This generates the legal states that result from trying the three actions
(Left, Right, and Clean).
Problem Formulation:
⚫ Goal test:
⚫ This checks whether all the squares are clean.

⚫ Path cost:
⚫ Each step costs 1, so the path cost is the number of steps
in the path.
Vacuum Agent Function
Vacuum World State Space Graph:
WATER JUG PROBLEM
Problem Statement:
⚫ We are given 2 jugs, a 4 liter one and a 3- liter one.
Neither has any measuring markers on it.
⚫ There is a pump that can be used to fill the jugs with
water.
⚫ How can we get exactly 2 liters of water in to the 4-liter
jugs?
Problem Formulation:
⚫ The state space for this problem can be defined as

{ ( i ,j ) i = 0,1,2,3,4 j = 0,1,2,3}

⚫ ‘i’ = the number of liters of water in the 4-liter jug


⚫ ‘j’ = the number of liters of water in the 3-liter jug.
⚫ The initial state is ( 0,0) that is no water on each jug.
⚫ The goal state is to get ( 2,n) for any value of ‘n’.
Assumptions:
⚫ To solve this we have to make some assumptions not mentioned in the
problem. They are:

1. We can fill a jug from the pump.

2. we can pour water out of a jug to the ground.

3. We can pour water from one jug to another.

4. There is no measuring device available.


Production Rules:
Sr. Current State Next State Descriptions
1 (x,y) if x < 4 (4,y) Fill the 4 gallon jug
2 (x,y) if x < 3 (x,3) Fill the 3 gallon jug
3 (x,y) if x > 0 (x – d, y) Pour some water out of the 4 gallon jug
4 (x,y) if y > 0 (x, y – d) Pour some water out of the 3 gallon jug
5 (x,y) if y > 0 (0, y) Empty the 4 gallon jug
6 (x,y) if y > 0 (x 0) Empty the 3 gallon jug on the ground
7 (x,y) if x + y > = 4 (4, y – (4 – x)) Pour water from the 3 gallon jug into the
and y > 0 4 gallon jug until the 4 gallon jug is full
8 (x,y) if x + y > = 3 (x – (3 – x), 3) Pour water from the 4 gallon jug into the
and x > 0 3 gallon jug until the 3 gallon jug is full
9 (x,y) if x + y < = 4 (x + y, 0) Pour all the water from the 3 gallon jug
and y > 0 into the 4 gallon jug
10 (x,y) if x + y < = 3 (0, x + y) Pour all the water from the 4 gallon jug
and x > 0 into the 3 gallon jug
11 (0, 2) (2, 0) Pour the 2 gallons from 3 gallon jug into
the 4 gallon jug
12 (2, y) (0, y) Empty the 2 gallons in the 4 gallon jug
on the ground
Possible Solutions:

Solution 1
Solution 2
Solution 3
State space tree for water jug problem
Analysis of Solution:
⚫ We see that, when there is no limit for water prevails
then solution 1 is the most efficient.
⚫ When water is limited then Solution 2 is the best
suited.
⚫ In no way solution 3 is good, Because it requires 8
steps for solution and wastes 5 liters of water.

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