AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Introduction to Electrical Circuit Laboratory
Summer 2023-2024

Expt. Title : Familiarizing with the basic terms, concepts and laboratory equipment’s related
to DC circuit.
Expt. No :01
Section :A
Group :07

Supervised By : Dr. Muhammad Morshed Alam

Submitted By
Name ID Contribution signature
1.HUMAYUN AHMRD 23-52135-2 17%
2.MD. MAHINUR HABIB 23-52170-2 17%
3. MAHFUZ AHMED 23-52171-2 17%

4. TAHSIN MAHMUD 23-52366-2 17%

5.MD. TAHVIR AHMED 23-53731-3 17%

BADHON
6.TASLIMA AKTER SHIFA 23-53746-3 16%

Date of Performance:02 JUNE 2024

Date of Submission: 09 JUNE 2024

Comments/Marks:
 Abstract:
In this experiment, we are going to be familiarized with the basic components of DC circuits and
lab equipment. We are going to measure the resistance, voltage of the different equipment. The
objective of the experiment is to know the process for measuring the resistance. All the DC terms
in this experiment are being measured by the verified theory.

Theory:
Ohms’ Law: Ohms’ Law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to
the current following through it, provided all physical conditions and temperature remain
constant. Mathematically, this current voltage relationship can be expressed as,

V=IR
In the equation, the constant of proportionality, R is the Resistance and its units is Ohm (Ω).
Current: Current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes(A). Using coulomb as
the unit of charge the current in amperes can be determine using the following equations-

I=V/R

Current: The amount of electric current (measured in amperes) passes through a surface, e.g., a section
through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge (measured in coulombs) flowing
through that surface over time. If Q is the amount of charge that passed through the surface in the time T,
then the average current I is:

I = Q/T
Here, I= Current (A)
Q= Number of charges(c) T=
time (s)

Voltage: Voltage is defined as the electric potential difference between two points in an
electric field. Voltage is expressed mathematically using the symbol ‘V’ or ‘E’
Ammeter: Ammeters are used to measure the level of current. The unit of Current is ampere.
So, this device measures the current flow in ampere and so is named as Ammeter.

Figure. 2: Demonstration of measuring current using an

Ammeter

Voltmeter: A voltmeter is an instrument that measures the difference of electrical potential

between two points in an electrical circuit.

Figure. 1: Voltage measurement across the two points/ends of a resistor

Wattmeter: The wattmeter is an electrical instrument that is used to measure the electric
power of various electric circuits. It consists of the current coil and voltage coil.

Circuit Breaker: An electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be operated
manually and automatically for controlling and protecting electrical power system.

Multimeter: A multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values
principally voltage, current and resistance.
Resistance Color Coding: The chart shows how to determine the resistance and tolerance for
resistance. The table can also be used to specify the color of the bands when the values are
known.
Breadboard: A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with tiny holes. These holes let us
easily insert the electronic components to prototype an electronic circuit.
Electrical power supply: Power supply is a device or system that supplies electrical or other types
of energy.

Apparatus:
1. Trainer Board
2. Voltmeter
3. Ammeter
4. AVO meter or Multi meter
5. DC source
6. Resistors
Precautions:
1. When measuring voltage, the multimeter was connected to the two points of a circuit in order
to obtain the desired value. We were careful that we do not touch the bare probe tips together
while measuring voltage, as this will create a short circuit.

2. We did not read the value of resistance or perform a continuity test with a multimeter in
a circuit that is energized.

3. When measuring current, the multimeter was connected to the circuit so that the electrons
flow through the meter.

4. Multimeters have practically no resistance between their leads. This is intended to allow
electrons to flow through the meter with the least possible difficulty. If this were not the case, the
meter would add extra resistance in the circuit, thereby affecting the current reading.

Calculation
Calculation of resistance XY × 10Z + T%

Here in my resistor there was,

X=Brown=1 Y=Black=0 Z=Red=2
T=Gold=5%
Resistance, r=10500– 9500 ohm

Resistor Value using color code Value using multimeter

R1 10000±5% 10.1kΩ
Ω
R2 4700±5% 4.9 kΩ
Ω
 R3 22×102±5% 2.3 kΩ
Ω
R4 33×103±5% 32.6 kΩ
Ω
R5 10×102±5% 1.1 kΩ
Ω

10.1 K
a b

Figure 6: Circuit schematic to perform the 2nd step of the experimental

procedure

Value of resistor in series connection, RT =15 kΩ

E Theoretical Calculation
Multimeter reading
RT I Vab Vcd Va Vb I Vab Vcd Va Vb

5v 15 kΩ 0.33 3.33 1.61 5V 1.61 0.35 3.38 1.64 5V 1.64

mA V V V mA V V V
10v 15 kΩ 0.66 6.66 3.23 10V 3.23 0.68 6.74 3.26 10V 3.26
mA V V V mA V V V
Discussion:
1.At first in the experiment the resistors were calculated from the colors
chart and after that it was checked by the multimeter practically.
2. Then a circuit was cracked to calculate the voltage of different points in
the circuit.
3. Current passing through the circuit.
4.Measuring the voltage same problems were faced.
5.Being more careful during the experiment we prevent these problems.
6.For an accurate result multimeter reading should be more precise.