A

AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for bachelor degree in civil engineering.
Submitted by
Samihan Padmakar Kulkarni
[T.E-A-24]

GUIDED BY
PROF.M.D.ANAP

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JSPM NARHE TECHNICAL CAMPUS, PUNE.
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
 JSPM NARHE TECHNICAL CAMPUS
PUNE.
(SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY,PUNE)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following student have satisfactorily carried out T.E.
Seminar work entitled A Study on Reasons for Disputes in the Construction Industry
This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Bachelor of Civil
Engineering. It is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune for the academic year 2024– 2025.

SAMIHAN P. KULKARNI
A-ROLL NO-24

DR.S.A.CHOUDHARI Guided by
[head of department] PROF.M.D.ANAP

[EXTERNAL EXAMINER]

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
 First and foremost, I would like to thank my guide of this project,
M..D. ANAP SIR for the valuable guidance and advice. I was able to
complete my report under his guidance. I wholeheartedly thank them for
giving me their valuable time and attention and providing me systematic
way for completing my presentation in time.

I would like to thank D R . S . A . C HO U D HR I S I R Head of Department of

Civil Engineering, JSPM Narhe Technical Campus Pune, for providing
facilities for completion of report also would like to thank my friends for
listening to the ideas, asking questions And providing suggestions for
improving ideas and also for their help.

SAMIHAN PADMAKAR KULKARNI

Roll no. (B57)

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
 ABSTRACT
Autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast building material that is
renowned for its thermal insulation, fire resistance, and soundproofing properties.
Made from a mixture of silica, lime, cement, water, and aluminum powder, AAC
undergoes a unique curing process in an autoclave, where it is subjected to high
pressure and temperature. This process enhances its strength and durability while
reducing weight significantly compared to traditional concrete. AAC blocks and
panels are used in various construction applications, offering advantages such as ease
of handling, reduced labor costs, and improved energy efficiency. The growing
emphasis on sustainable building practices has further propelled the adoption of
AAC, as it contributes to lower carbon emissions and utilizes recycled materials.
Overall, AAC represents a significant advancement in modern construction,
providing a versatile solution that meets the demands of contemporary architectural
design and sustainability.

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 INDEX

6
2 Introduction of Project 7
work
3 AAC PROPERTIES AND 9
MATERIAL USE
4 AAC BLOCK SIZE 10
5 DISADVANTAGES 7
6 AAC DESIGN STRUCTURES 15,16,17,19,20
7 CONCLUSION 21

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
 AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC)
INTRODUCTION:

Composition and Manufacturing Process [ AAC is made from a mixture of ] :

• QUARTZ , SAND
• CALCINED GYPSUM
• LIME
• PORTLAND CEMENT
• WATER
• ALUMINUM POWDER

The mixture is poured into molds and then cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave, which gives it
its unique properties.

PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS

• Lightweight: AAC is about three times lighter than traditional red bricks, making it easier to
handle and reducing the overall load on the structure.

• Insulation: It provides excellent thermal and acoustic insulation due to the presence of air
pockets within the material.

• Fire Resistance: AAC is highly fire-resistant, which enhances the safety of buildings.

• Eco-Friendly: The production process of AAC is environmentally friendly, as it uses less energy
and produces fewer emissions compared to traditional concrete.

• Durability: It is resistant to decay, termites, and other pests, making it a durable choice for
construction.

APPLICATIONS
AAC is used in various types of construction, including:
Residential buildings: Houses, apartments, and townhouses.
Commercial buildings: Offices, hotels, and shopping centers.
Industrial buildings: Warehouses and factories.
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INSTALLATION AND FINISHING:
AAC blocks can be easily cut, routed, and sanded on-site using standard tools. For exterior applications,
they require a finish to protect against weathering, such as stucco, plaster, or siding materials.

DISADVANTAGES:
Corrosion Risk: The presence of lime in AAC can lead to corrosion of embedded metals if not properly
isolated.
Special Mortars: AAC requires special adhesive mortars, which need to be sourced from specific
manufacturers’
AAC has been a popular building material since its invention in the 1920s and continues to be widely
used due to its numerous benefits and versatility.

Environmental impact of AAC :

Autoclave aerated concrete is considered an environmentally friendly building material for several
reasons :

1. Reduced Raw Material Usage

AAC production uses less raw material compared to traditional concrete. It often incorporates industrial
by-products like fly ash, which helps in waste management and reduces the need for virgin materials1.

2. Lower Energy Consumption

The manufacturing process of AAC is energy-efficient. The autoclaving process, although energy-
intensive, is offset by the reduced energy required for transportation due to the lightweight nature of AAC
blocks1.

3. Lower Carbon Emissions

AAC production results in significantly lower carbon emissions compared to traditional concrete. The
emissions from AAC production are about 13% of the life-cycle emissions, which are much lower than
those associated with cement and lime2.

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4. Improved Thermal Efficiency
AAC blocks provide excellent thermal insulation, which reduces the energy required for heating and
cooling buildings. This leads to lower operational energy consumption over the building’s lifespan3.

5. Waste Reduction
The use of fly ash and other industrial by-products in AAC production helps in reducing industrial waste.
Additionally, the precise cutting and shaping of AAC blocks on-site result in minimal construction
waste1.

6. Sustainable Manufacturing
AAC blocks are manufactured using a process that conserves natural resources. The lightweight nature of
AAC also means lower transportation costs and energy consumption.

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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) has several unique properties that distinguish it
from other common construction materials. Here’s a comparison with some of the
most widely used materials:

• AAC VS. TRADITIONAL CLAY BRICKS

Weight: AAC is significantly lighter, which reduces the structural load and makes handling easier.
Insulation: AAC offers superior thermal and acoustic insulation due to its porous structure, whereas clay
bricks have lower insulation properties.
Fire Resistance: Both materials are fire-resistant, but AAC can withstand higher temperatures for longer
periods.
Eco-Friendliness: AAC is more environmentally friendly, as its production process emits fewer
pollutants and uses less energy.

• AAC VS. CONCRETE BLOCKS

Weight: AAC blocks are lighter than traditional concrete blocks, which can simplify construction and
reduce transportation costs.
Insulation: AAC provides better thermal and sound insulation compared to concrete blocks.
Workability: AAC blocks are easier to cut and shape on-site, allowing for more flexibility in design.
Strength: Concrete blocks generally have higher compressive strength, making them more suitable for
load-bearing applications.

• AAC VS. WOOD

Durability: AAC is more durable and resistant to pests, decay, and moisture compared to wood.
Fire Resistance: AAC is non-combustible and offers excellent fire resistance, whereas wood is highly
flammable.
Insulation: Wood also provides good thermal insulation, but AAC’s performance is generally superior.
Sustainability: Wood is a renewable resource, but AAC’s production process is also designed to be eco-
friendly.

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 • AAC VS. STEEL

Weight: AAC is much lighter than steel, which can reduce the overall weight of the structure.
Insulation: Steel has poor thermal and acoustic insulation properties, whereas AAC excels in this area.
Fire Resistance: AAC is non-combustible, while steel can lose strength at high temperatures.
Cost: Steel structures can be more expensive due to the cost of the material and the need for specialized
labour.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks come in a variety of sizes to suit different
construction needs. Here are some standard sizes:

Standard Sizes
600 mm x 200 mm x 100 mm (24 in x 8 in x 4 in)
600 mm x 200 mm x 150 mm (24 in x 8 in x 6 in)
600 mm x 200 mm x 200 mm (24 in x 8 in x 8 in)
600 mm x 200 mm x 250 mm (24 in x 8 in x 10 in)
600 mm x 200 mm x 300 mm (24 in x 8 in x 12 in)
Custom Sizes
AAC blocks can also be custom-made to fit specific design requirements. They can be cut into various
shapes and angles on-site using standard tools.

Using larger Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks in construction offers

several advantages:
1. Faster Construction
Reduced Number of Blocks: Larger blocks cover more area, which means fewer blocks are needed to
complete a wall. This speeds up the construction process significantly.
Less Mortar: Fewer joints between blocks mean less mortar is required, reducing both material costs and
labour time.

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2. Improved Structural Integrity
Fewer Joints: With fewer joints, the overall structure is more stable and less prone to cracking. This
enhances the durability and strength of the building.
Better Alignment: Larger blocks are easier to align, ensuring a more uniform and level wall surface.

3. Enhanced Insulation
Thermal Efficiency: Larger blocks have fewer thermal bridges (joints where heat can escape), improving
the overall thermal efficiency of the building.
Sound Insulation: The larger surface area of the blocks also helps in better sound insulation, making the
interiors quieter.

4. Cost-Effective
Labor Savings: The reduced number of blocks and joints means less labor is required, which can lead to
significant cost savings.
Material Savings: Using less mortar and other materials further reduces the overall cost of construction.

5. Aesthetic Benefits
Smoother Finish: Larger blocks create a smoother wall surface with fewer visible joints, which can be
beneficial for both interior and exterior finishes.

6. Environmental Impact
Less Waste: The precision and reduced number of cuts needed for larger blocks result in less construction
waste.
Efficient Use of Resources: The overall efficiency in material usage and labor contributes to a more
sustainable construction process.
Larger AAC blocks can be particularly advantageous in large-scale projects where speed, efficiency, and
cost-effectiveness are critical.

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Handling and transporting large Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks safely
requires careful planning and the right equipment. Here are some guidelines to
ensure safety and efficiency:

HANDLING AAC BLOCKS

• Use Proper Lifting Techniques:

Always lift with your legs, not your back, to avoid injury.
For larger blocks, use mechanical lifting aids like forklifts or cranes.
• Wear Protective Gear:
Use gloves to protect your hands from abrasions.
Wear safety boots to protect your feet from falling blocks.
Use a dust mask and safety goggles to protect against dust particles.

• Team Lifting:
For very large blocks, ensure that multiple people are involved in the lifting process to distribute the
weight evenly.

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TRANSPORTING AAC BLOCKS

• Use Appropriate Vehicles:

Flatbed trucks are ideal for transporting large AAC blocks.
Ensure the vehicle has a stable and flat surface to prevent shifting during transit.
• Secure the Load:
Use straps and ties to secure the blocks firmly to the vehicle.
Ensure that the blocks are evenly distributed to maintain balance.
• Avoid Overloading:
Do not exceed the weight capacity of the vehicle.
Overloading can lead to accidents and damage to the blocks.

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ON-SITE HANDLING

• Use Pallets:
Store AAC blocks on pallets to keep them off the ground and make handling easier.
Pallets also help in organizing the blocks and preventing damage.
• Mechanical Aids:
Use wheelbarrows, trolleys, or pallet jacks to move blocks around the construction site.
For higher placements, use scaffolding and hoists.
• Minimize Handling:
Plan the layout and sequence of construction to minimize the number of times blocks need to be moved.

GENERAL SAFETY TIPS

• Training: Ensure that all workers are trained in proper handling and lifting techniques.
• Inspection: Regularly inspect lifting equipment and vehicles to ensure they are in good working
condition.
• Communication: Maintain clear communication among team members during lifting and
transporting operations to coordinate movements and avoid accidents.

By following these guidelines, you can handle and transport large AAC blocks safely and
efficiently.

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE HOUSE :

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE IN HIGH RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION :

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
REINFORCED AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE BUILDING :

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block is a low-maintenance precast building material
with excellent thermal insulation and durability. The heat-insulating properties of AAC
blocks keep the building cooler and prevent outside heat from entering, resulting in
significant savings on air conditioning costs. AAC wall panels are typically used for
cladding, but can also be loadbearing. AAC floor and roof panels are also available. AAC
blocks can be used for loadbearing structures up to 3 storeys, and AAC panels can be used for
cladding. AAC has medium thermal mass and provides very good thermal insulation.
Appearance.
AAC is light-coloured. It contains many small bubbles or voids that can be clearly seen when
looked at closely. These air pockets contribute to the material’s insulating properties. There is
no direct path for water to pass through the material; however, it can wick up moisture and an
appropriate coating is required to prevent water penetration.

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Sound Insulation: The porous nature of AAC blocks helps in sound absorption, reducing
noise transmission between rooms and from outside, which is especially useful in disaster-
prone areas where noise can be a stressor for occupants.

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AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
LIGHTWEIGHT AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE ROOF / SLABS :

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COCLUSION:
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a versatile and innovative building material, offering
lightweight properties, excellent thermal and sound insulation, and outstanding fire
resistance. Its eco-friendly nature and ease of use make it a compelling choice for modern
construction. Overall, AAC is a durable, cost-effective, and efficient solution for various
architectural applications.

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