Pre-Comp Review Packet-2021-2022

Pre- Calculus AB
Pre-Calculus AB
Pre-Comp and Midterm Study Guide

Name:______________________________________ Period/Element:__________

All work must be shown in order to receive credit for each question. No scratch paper or calculators may be used.

Find a point-slope form of the equation for the line through the pair of points.
1) (-4, 5) and (6, 2)

Determine the equation of the line described in point -slope form.

2) Through (1, -5), perpendicular to -9x + 2y = -19

Solve the problem.

3) A rock falls from a tower that is 122.5 m high. As it is falling, its height is given by the formula
s(t) = 122.5 - 4.9t2 . How many seconds will it take for the rock to hit the ground?

1
Write the sum or difference in the standard form a + bi.
4) i2 + 6 - 2 + i3

Write the expression in standard form.

1+ i
5)
-9 - 7i

Solve the equation.

6) 8x2 + 5x + 3 = 0

Solve the inequality. Use algebra to solve the corresponding equation.

7) x2 + 4x + 3 ≥ 0

2
Determine whether the graph is the graph of a function and justify your answer.
8)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

Find the domain of the given function.

x+3
9) f(x) =
(x + 4)(x - 9)

Find the range of the function.

10) f(x) = (x + 1)2 + 8

3
Solve the problem.
11) Use the graph of f to estimate the local maximum and local minimum.
y
5
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Determine if the function is bounded above, bounded below, bounded on its domain, or unbounded on its domain.
12) y = 5 x + 1

4
 13) y = 9-x2

5 y
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Determine algebraically whether the function is even, odd, or neither even nor odd.
7
14) f(x) = x +
x

Determine the equation of the vertical asymptote(s) of the given function.

x-9
15) f(x) =
x2 -8

5
Identify which of the twelve basic functions listed below fit the description given.
1 1
y = x, y = x 2 , y = x 3 , y = x , y = , y = e x , y = x, y = ln x, y = sin x, y = cos x, y = int (x), y =
x 1 + e ‐x
16) The four functions that are increasing on the interval (- ∞, 0)

17) The four functions that are increasing on the interval (- ∞, 0)

18) The two functions with infinitely many zeros

19) The three functions that are bounded above

6
Given the graph of the functions, determine the domain and range.
1
20) f(x) = - 4
x
y
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
-2

21) r(x) = x-4

5 y
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

7
Given the graph of the function, answer the following questions:
Determine the domain, range and continuity.
On what intervals is the function increasing? decreasing? constant?
Is the function odd, even, or neither?
Give the functionʹs extrema, if any.
Find the horizontal asymptotes, if any.
22) f(x) = 4 - x
5 y
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

8
Graph the piecewise-defined function.
23)
7x + 1, if x < 0
y(x) =
3x2 - 4, if x ≥ 0

y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

Perform the requested operation or operations. Express your answer in simplified form.
24) f(x) = x + 8; g(x) = 8x - 12
Find f(g(x)).

Perform the requested operation or operations. Determine the domain of the resulting function.
25) f(x) = x2 + 9; g(x) = x - 2
Find f(g(x)).

9
Find two functions defined implicitly by the given relation.
26) x + y2 = 9

27) 7x2 - y2 = 9

Find the inverse of the function, use proper inverse notation.

28) f(x) = 8x3 - 3

Find the inverse of the function.

4x - 5
29) f(x) =
6x + 3

10
Determine the equation of the inverse of the function below. Use proper function notation.
5
30) f(x) =
x-9

Determine if the function is one-to-one. Justify your answer.

31)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

11
Graph the inverse of the function plotted, on the same set of axes. Use a dashed curve for the inverse.
32)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

State whether f and g are inverses. Justify your answer with process.
x+8
33) f(x) = and g(x) = 3x - 8
3

Describe how to transform the graph of f into the graph of g.

34) g(x) = -(f(x) - 10) 2

12
Sketch the graph of y 1 as a solid line or curve. Then sketch the graph of y 2 as a dashed line or curve by one or more of
these: a vertical and/or horizontal shift of the graph y 1 .
35) y1 = x2 ; y2 = x2 - 6
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

Give the equation of the function g whose graph is described.

3
36) The graph of f(x) = x is shifted 6 units to the left. This graph is then vertically stretched by a factor of 2.
Finally, the graph is reflected across the x-axis.

37) The graph of f(x) = ∣x∣ is reflected across the y-axis. This graph is then vertically stretched by a factor of 5.3.
Finally, the graph is shifted 4 units downward.

13
Sketch the graph of the given function based on the graph of the function f given below.
38) Sketch the graph of y = -f(x + 2) - 1.
y y
4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 x -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 x
-1 -1

-2 -2

-3 -3

-4 -4

Use an equation to solve the problem.

39) A construction company builds a swimming pool with a perimeter of 52 m. The length is 2 m more than the
width. Find the dimensions of the swimming pool?

Solve the problem.

40) The speed of a freight train is 35 mph slower than that of a passenger train. The freight train travels 180 mi in
the same time it takes the passenger train to travel 400 mi. Find the speed of the passenger train.

14
Use an equation to solve the problem.
41) How many liters of a 60% alcohol solution must be mixed with 60 liters of a 90% solution to get a 80% solution?

Provide an appropriate response.

42) True or False. If the graph of y = f(x) is symmetric with respect to the y-axis, then the graph of y = f(-x) is not
symmetric with respect to the y-axis.

If the following is a polynomial function, then state its degree and leading coefficient. If it is not, then state this fact.
43) f(x) = -4 + 7x4 - 13x + 2x3 - 17x2

Write an equation for the linear function f(x) satisfying the given conditions.
44) f(3) = 5 and f(6) = 6

15
Graph f(x) below.
45) f(x) = 1 - 2(x - 4)2

Find the vertex of the graph of the function by completing the square. Then identify the intervals on which the function
is increasing or decreasing. Then graph f(x) and the basic function y =x 2 on the plane below, please label each curve.
46) f(x) = 4x2 + 16x -3

Find the vertex of the graph of the function by completing the square.
47) f(x) = -5x2 - 30x - 44

Write an equation for the quadratic function whose graph contains the given vertex and point.
48) Vertex (3, 1), point (2, 2)

16
Solve the problem.
49) A projectile is thrown upward so that its distance above the ground after t seconds is s(t) = -16t2 + 704t. After
how many seconds does it reach its maximum height?

Determine if the function is a power function. If it is, then state the power and constant of variation. If it is not, explain
why not.
50) f(x) = 0 ∙ x6

Write the statement as a power function equation. Use k as the constant of variation.
51) The height h of a cone with a fixed volume varies inversely as the square of its radius r.

State the power and constant of variation for the function, and then analyze it.
52) f(x) = 3x3

17
State the power and constant of variation for the function, and then complete the analysis below.
4
53) f(x) = 3 x

Complete the analysis below by justifying your decisions and showing full process. Let a be the power of f(x) and k be
the coefficient of proportionality.
a) Determine whether f(x) lies in Q1 or Q4 for x>0
b) Determine whether (0, 0) is a point on the curve or whether the axes are asymptotes for f(x)
c) Determine whether f(x) is symmetric about the x -axis, y-axis or undefined for x<0
d) Determine the domain of f(x)
3
54) f(x) = -
x2

18
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Match the equation to one of the curves (for x ≥ 0).

55) f(x) = 4x1/4

A) B)
y y

x x

C) D)
y y

x x

19
All work must be shown in order to receive credit for each question. No scratch paper or calculators may be used.

Determine whether the power function is even, odd, or neither.

56) f(x) = -11x4/5

2 7/2
57) f(x) = x
7

Describe the end behavior of the polynomial function using statement notation.
58) f(x) = -x3 - 4x2 - 2x + 7

59) f(x) = -5x2 + 7x3 + 3x - 1

20
State the degree, leading coefficient and end behaviour of the function. Determine the zeros and their multiplicity.
Then graph the function.
60) P(x) = 2x(x - 1)(x - 2)
5 y

2.5

-5 -2.5 2.5 5x

-2.5

-5

Graph the function.

61) P(x) = (-2x - 1)(x - 1)2
10 y

-10 -5 5 x

-5

-10

21
62) P(x) = (3x - 2)(x - 1)(x + 1)
10 y

-10 -5 5 x

-5

-10

63) f(x) = (x - 1) (x + 3)4

y

80

40

-5 5 x

-40

-80

22
 64) f(x) = (x + 2)2 (x - 3)3

y
120

80

40

-5 5 x

-40

-80

-120

Determine the standard form of an equation of a cubic function with the given zeros.
65) -3, 4, -3

Use synthetic division to divide f(x) by (x - k). Write your answer in fraction form.
66) f(x) = 3x4 - 9x3 - 3x2 + 4x + 2; k = 3

23
Find the remainder when f(x) is divided by (x - k)
67) f(x) = x2 - 4x - 3; k = 6

Use the graph to guess possible linear factors of f(x). Then completely factor f(x) with the aid of synthetic division.
68) f(x) = 7x3 - 39x2 - 40x + 132
y
200

100

-5 5 x

-100

-200

24
Find all of the real zeros of the function.
-List all possible rational zeros
-Factor the function fully
-List all real zero in exact form
-Identify each zero as rational or irrational
69) f(x) = x3 - 4x2 + 2x + 4

Write a polynomial function of minimum degree with real coefficients whose zeros include those listed. Write the
polynomial in standard form.
70) 2 and 1 + 5i

25
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Match the polynomial function graph to the appropriate zeros and multiplicities.
71)

600

-10 10

-600

A) -1 (multiplicity 3), 4 (multiplicity 2) B) -1 (multiplicity 3), 4 (multiplicity 3)

C) -1 (multiplicity 2), 4 (multiplicity 3) D) -1 (multiplicity 2), 4 (multiplicity 2)

72)

10

-10 10

-10

A) -5 (multiplicity 3), -8 (multiplicity 3) B) -5 (multiplicity 2), -8 (multiplicity 3)

C) -5 (multiplicity 2), -8 (multiplicity 2) D) -5 (multiplicity 3), -8 (multiplicity 2)

26
All work must be shown in order to receive credit for each question. No scratch paper or calculators may be used.

73)
800

-10 10

-800

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

74)
20

-10 10

-20
A) 8 (multiplicity 4), 5 (multiplicity 4) B) 8 (multiplicity 4), 5 (multiplicity 3)
C) 5 (multiplicity 3), 8 (multiplicity 2) D) 5 (multiplicity 4), 8 (multiplicity 3)

27
All work must be shown in order to receive credit for each question. No scratch paper or calculators may be used.

Using the given zero, find all other zeros of f(x).

75) i is a zero of f(x) = x4 - 6x3 + 7x2 - 6x + 6

76) -2i is a zero of f(x) = x4 - 21x2 - 100

77) 4i is a zero of f(x) = 16x4 - 8x3 + 282x2 - 128x + 416

78) 5 + 3i is a zero of f x = x4 - 12x3 + 55x2 - 78x + 34.

28
 79) 1 - 3i is a zero of f x = x4 - 2x3 + 11x2 - 2x + 10.

Write the function as a product of linear and irreducible quadratic factors, all with real coefficients.
80) f(x) = x3 - 5x2 - 2x - 24

81) f(x) = 2x3 - 5x2 + 2x - 15

82) f(x) = x4 - 2x3 - 34x2 - 2x - 35

29
Find a polynomial in factored form of degree 3 with real coefficients that satisfies the given conditions.
83) Zeros: 1, -2, 3; f(2) = 8

Describe how the graph of the given function can be obtained by transforming the graph of the reciprocal function
f(x) = 1/x.
-4
84) f(x) =
x+7

Describe how the graph of the given function can be obtained by transforming the graph of the reciprocal function f(x) =
1/x.
2x - 3
85) f(x) =
x+5

30
List the x- intercept(s), y-intercept, asymptotes, end behavior and graph the function. Then use statement notation to
describe the behavior of f(x) near the vertical ansymptote.
1
86) f(x) =
x-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Match the graph of the rational function with its equation.

87)

10
8
6
4
2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

1 3x + 1 -1 -3x - 1
A) f(x) = B) f(x) = C) f(x) = D) f(x) =
3-x x 3-x x

31
88)
10
8
6
4
2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

-x2 + 16 x2 - 16 -x2 + 16 x2 - 16
A) f(x) = B) f(x) = C) f(x) = D) f(x) =
x+2 x-2 x-2 x+2

10
8
6
4
2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
89)
x+1 -1 x-1 1
A) f(x) = B) f(x) = C) f(x) = D) f(x) =
2
x + x - 12 2
x + x - 12 2
x + x - 12 2
x + x - 12

32
90)
10
8
6
4
2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

x2 -x2 x2 -x2
A) f(x) = B) f(x) = C) f(x) = D) f(x) =
x2 + x - 12 x2 + x - 12 x2 - x - 12 x2 - x - 12

33
All work must be shown in order to receive credit for each question. No scratch paper or calculators may be used.

Graph the rational function and analyze it in the following way: find the intercepts, asymptotes, use limits to describe
the behavior at the vertical asymptotes and the end behavior. Find the domain and range. Determine where the function
is continuous and where it is increasing and decreasing. Find any local extrema.
2
91) f(x) =
x2 - 2x - 3

y
5

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

34
 x2 + x - 2
92) f(x) =
x2 - 3x - 4

y
5

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

x2 - x - 6
93) f(x) =
x-2

y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

35
Complete the following and justify your answers with full process for f(x) below:
a) Determine the intercepts of f(x)
b) Determine all asymptotes of f(x)
c) Use statement notation to describe the end behavior of f(x)
d) Graph f(x)
e) Use statement notation to describe the behavior at the vertical asymptote(s) of f(x)
f) Determine the domain and range of f(x)
x2 - x - 12
94) f(x) =
x-2

y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

Solve the equation.

9x 4 36
95) - =
x-9 x 2
x - 9x

36
 x 7 40
96) - =
x + 4 x - 4 x2 - 16

Solve the polynomial inequality.

97) x4 - 145x2 + 5184 < 0

Solve the inequality.

x2 x - 7 3
98) <0
x+9

Decide if the function is an exponential function. If it is, state the initial value and the base.
99) y = x8x

37
Determine a formula for the exponential function.
100)
x f(x)
-2 39
-1 13
13
0
3
13
1
9
13
2
27

38
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Choose the graph which matches the function.

101) f(x) = 3 x - 2

A) B)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5

C) D)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5

39
All work must be shown in order to receive credit for each question. No scratch paper or calculators may be used.

Graph f(x) below. Then analyze the function for the features specified below.
102) f(x) = 2 ∙ 0.5 x - 1

y
5
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Domain Range

Continuity Increasing or decreasing intervals

Boundedness Asymptotes

End behavior

Graph the function.

9
103) f(x) =
1 + 2 ∙ 0.6 x

40
Analyze the function below in the following ways:
104) f(x) = 3 ∙ 0.2 x

Domain Range

Continuity Increasing or decreasing intervals

Boundedness Asymptotes

End behavior

Solve the problem.

105) The number of students infected with the flu on a college campus after t days is modeled by the function
160
P(t) = . What is the initial value of infected students possible?
1 + 39e-0.3t

41
Graph f(x) below. Describe the transformations needed to obtain the graph of f(x) from the graph of g(x) =ln(x) .
106) f(x) = ln(-x + 4)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

Domain Range

Continuity Increasing or decreasing intervals

Boundedness Asymptotes

End behavior

Describe how to transform the graph of g(x) = ln x into the graph of the given function.
107) f(x) = log1/9 x

42
Find the exact solution to the equation.
1
108) 3 (6 - 3x) =
27

Find the domain of the function.

109) f(x) = ln (9x - x2 )

Solve the equation.

-48
110) ex - 14 =
ex

43
 111) log ( 3 + x) - log (x - 5 ) = log 5

Find the amount accumulated after investing a principal P for t years at an annual interest rate r. Write your answer in
exact form with units.
112) P = $14,000, t = 5, r = 3%, compounded semiannually (k = 2)

Convert from degrees to radians. Use the value of π found on a calculator and round answers to four decimal places, as
needed.
113) 210°

44
Use the arc length formula and the given information to find the indicated quantity.
114) r = 16 in., θ = 8 rad; find s

Solve the right triangle for all missing sides and angles to the nearest tenth.
115)

c = 24
B = 30°

Find the measures of two angles, one positive and one negative, that are coterminal with the given angle.
116) 203°

45
Point P is on the terminal side of θ. Evaluate the six trigonometric functions for θ. If the function is undefined, write
ʺundefined.ʺ
117) P(-15, 36); find sin θ.

Evaluate without using a calculator by using ratios in a reference triangle.

5π
118) sin
3

Evaluate without using a calculator.

9
119) csc θ, if cot θ = - and cos θ < 0
4

Describe the transformations required to obtain the graph of the function f(x) from the graph of the function g(x).
x
120) f(x) = cos ; g(x) = cos x
5

46
Find the period of the function.
121) y = 0.5 cos 6x

Graph the function.

122) y = 3 sin x
y
3

x
-2 -  2
-1

-2

-3

47
Find the zeros of the function in the interval [-2π, 2π].
123) f(x) = 3 cos x

Graph the function.

124) y = -tan 4x
y
10
8
6
4
2

- -   x
-2
2 4 4 2
-4
-6
-8
-10

48
125) y = -5 cot x
y
10
8
6
4
2

-  x
- -2 
2 2
-4
-6
-8
-10

126) y = sec 6x
10 y

8
6
4
2

-  x
- -2 
2 2
-4
-6
-8
-10

49
127) y = -csc 6x
y
10
8
6
4
2

-  x
- -2 
2 2
-4
-6
-8
-10

x
128) y = sec
4
y
10
8
6
4
2

-6 6 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

50
Analyze the function by determining the following:
129) f(x) = 2 csc (x/2)
Domain Range

Continuity Increasing or decreasing intervals

Boundedness Asymptotes

End behavior

Solve for x in the given interval.

3π
130) sec x = 2, ≤ x ≤ 2π
2

131) csc x = - 1, 3π ≤ x ≤ 4π

51
 3π
132) tan x = -1, ≤ x ≤ 2π
2

Find the exact value of the real number y.

3
133) y = cos-1
2

134) y = csc-1 (-2)

135) y = arctan 1

52
Analyze the function by determining the following:
136) f(x) = cos-1 (2x)
Domain Range

Continuity Increasing or decreasing intervals

Boundedness Asymptotes

End behavior

Describe the transformation required to obtain the graph of the given function from the basic inverse trigonometric
graph.
x
137) f(x) = arcsin
3

Find the exact solution to the equation without a calculator.

π
138) sin-1 (sin x) =
8

53
 139) 6 arcsin x = π

Solve the problem.

140) Suppose that the average monthly low temperatures for a small town are shown in the table.
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Temperature (°F) 19 27 38 45 57 62 65 58 51 41 33 25

Model this data using f x = a sin b x - c + d.

141) The maximum monthly average temperature in Smithville is 89° in July, and the minimum is 35° in January.
Determine f x = a cos b x - c + d so that f x models the monthly average temperature in Smithville, where x
is the month and x = 1 corresponds to January.

Use basic identities to simplify the expression.

cos2 θ
142) + csc θ sin θ
sin2 θ

54
 143) cos θ - cos θ sin2 θ

Simplify the expression to either 1 or -1.

π
144) cos - x csc (-x)
2

145) tan 2 x - sec 2 (-x)

Simplify the expression.

π
146) cot x sin x - sin - x + cos x
2

55
 1 - sin2 x
147)
sin x - csc x

Find all solutions in the interval [0, 2π).

148) cos2 x + 2 cos x + 1 = 0

149) sec 2 x - 2 = tan 2 x

150) sin2 x - cos2 x = 0

56
Find all solutions to the equation.
1
151) cos x = - (Express your answer in radians, in exact form.)
2

152) 5 sin2 x - 10 sin x + 3 = -2

Find an exact value.

-11π
153) sin
12

π
154) cos
12

57
 -7π
155) cos
12

Write the expression as the sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle.

π π π π
156) cos cos + sin sin
2 5 2 5

tan 2x - tan 5y
157)
1 + tan 2x tan 5y

Find all solutions to the equation in the interval [0, 2π).

158) cos x = sin 2x

58
 159) 2 cos x + sin 2x = 0

Find the exact value by using a half-angle identity.

160) tan 75°

7π
161) sin
8

Solve the triangle.

162) A = 53°, B = 65°, a = 5

59
Two triangles can be formed using the given measurements. Solve both triangles.
163) B = 45°, a = 16, b = 12

Solve the triangle.

164) b = 19, c = 28, A = 82°

Decide whether a triangle can be formed with the given side lengths. If so, use Heronʹs formula to find the area of the
triangle.
165) a = 240
b = 131
c = 321

60
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