Signal & yptem

22|08|
tempenalue guaana
2024
Signal dependu n inde pende nt voiable Le,im, preauwe eto

gnal 1)

Smyarmation
ependant andepcndent vaniablus
3. Phyaicnl quantiy

4.&ianala can be,

(u) ndiconaplveyed
ayad
(n)
manipuloted
Gignal is phyuioal quantity that proyides so inyermatien
and it is dependert indspendent vaioblos and it
be
iaalayed,cenveycd and manipulotad.

) Analag
ALe the aignals that
praclioally available
1. Continuous time continuaus
valusd aigral (eTev)
6t)

at each boint Bme injoumationd are prsaent.

 iAete im continus value aignot (D10V)

3.
(onlinuQus time diacrsto value dignal (eT DV)

4. liserte time dscete value signal (oTDY)

comalicatiens, th
B4 4 Jo redue the deeinalL
4
2.3’3
values aAtn aither
pairts ailing value
2 o value
can be taken,

Bucnte signal
analog aiqnal

Sampling idividing the time axis

the
Quantization : dividing th value axis
 lementy peralions (ehipt od.
1.
Jime éhiling
|inpu
sitg n a l 6lt-2)

2 +3 +5

2. Time Geali ng
Scaling gactot (o) dividos the tme.
6(at)
tlt) tl2t)

>t
2 +3
+15

(e) (-e)

3. im Reversal

blt)

-2 +3 +2
-3
 n(-2t+4)

+8
+8

(2t44) z(-2t+4 )

’t +4
-4 +2 -2

r(-2t +4)
(t should be a o n e ) t

3(-21)

t t
-4 +2
-8 +4

+4
-2
 ul-t-)
ezludingo " u(-t-1) d.(t)=
’,t<o
signal causal Andi-
to
volue
(volust>o)
dignal.
>t
45°
t)
sloe. the s Ahee At9ult)-
2
K45°
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di)
ony Romp urit
the when
2 A
do(1) (4)
t>0 on(1):t Ramp
unit
lunetien Romp
4
 Non -causal Signal
volue ton both t>0 and t<0.

Hothamatical
sleko10
2(4)= +5 lt+8)-51 (4+6)-5n(t -10)
+5
4 5(t-12)

15 +5t (t+8) 5n(tt6)

+5 +5u(t+1) - 15 ult-10)
y-15
12

1)
-8 -6 +10

a(t)= At
12
da(t) -A ult)
dt

-3
 12|0
Cignal oyolem
hnpulae lunion
/1)

dt (atap)
magriluds of impulae ponae
Aea
S(t)
othrwise

magritude
impulae
(21)
(t)

4 (asua 40 4 (aea 20

’t
-6 +4 -3

s(t)-!
kating ocs the
&
(24) 6()
S(t)
 ()3

(0)x

44
() ()3x (0)z

()» (-T)3
x - ()
 13/01/2024

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4. 1 (4-2). 6(t-4) dt : o

se4-4) s[2(4 2)]

6(t-2)

) s[g4)] =0 mtshore value

g(t) *0

(i) S(4-t,) has

(t,)

() s face)]- 8(2-1o) S(t-t) $(t-t;) 7or

|multipla roots
10
1: (1o) 6(1-16) t
-10

S(t-to) 4 S(t-ti)

do i +4, t,: -4
8(t-4) +
6 (4+4)
8 |-8|
a() =2t
8(4-) +s(1+1))
-I0
s0) S(1-4) dt *
-10

26
+ 26
8

52

txponantial Function
(t)
*(t)-at

-alt|
t)

t
<(t)- -a1?
t)

yusian Patten
-40

t
-2 2 3
 Signal and 19 |09/2024
syatom

J. ven and

l-t) n(t) -’ tven a-t) -(t) ’ Odd

-t)

10

-2 >t +2
+4

Neith even
A1)
signal as t)+z(t) and
n-t)*-*lt)
z(-t)
2

-6 t
-6 +6

t)=z(t)Even signal
t) (-t)

’t t

-10

Odd
Gignal

Eveny siamal combinatien even and add aignals.

even pant o the aignal (t),

Z(1) z(1) +x(-t)

2

at o tho Aignal. l4),

*o(t) x(1)-(-t)
zt)

-2
^-)

>t
+2
4 elt)

-4
+4
olt)

-2
-4| +2 t4
 Even andndo ponta O
u(t) w,t.t. e(t).
daginition

at 0, tha valus, s undsgjn

Au(-t)

uelt)

olt)

t
Poiodic Signal
the signal must Sepeat
the ange -00 to +o

Shigting dacsri't atect the

porisdicity % the ignal