Scribd
Upload
30 views

General Biology 1 (Lecture)

Uploaded by

Jazmin Nicole Abanes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

General Biology 1 (Lecture)

Uploaded by

Jazmin Nicole Abanes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

CELL DIVISION

• process of producing another cell from pre-existing cells, cell divides into 2 new cells
WHY DO CELLS NEED TO DIVIDE?
• Living things grow by producing more cells, NOT because each cell increases in size
• Repair of damaged tissue
• If cell gets too big, it cannot get enough nutrients into the cell and wastes out of the cell
• The original cell is called the parent cell; 2 new cells are called daughter cells
• Many organisms, especially unicellular organisms, reproduce by means of cell division – called
asexual reproduction – Ex: bacteria
DNA
• located in the nucleus and controls all cell activities including cell division
• Long and thread-like DNA in a non-dividing cell is called chromatin
• Doubled, coiled, short DNA in a dividing cell is called chromosome
- Consists of 2 parts: chromatid (1) and centromere (2)
CELL CYCLE
• series of events cells go through as they grow and divide
INTERPHASE
• period of cell growth and development, replication/copying, cell also grows, carries out
normal cell activities, replicates all other organelles
MITOSIS
• division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes, occurs in
all the somatic (body) cells
PMAT
• Prophase - coil up, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers form
• Metaphase (Middle) - line up, connect
• Anaphase (Apart) - divide, opposite poles
• Telophase (Two) - uncoil, nuclear envelopes form, 2 new nuclei, spindle fibers disappear
CYTOKINESIS
• division of the rest of the cell (cytoplasm and organelles) after the nucleus divides (then back
to interphase)

• Somatic Cells are “body” cells and contain the normal number of chromosomes….called the
“Diploid” number (the symbol is 2n). MITOSIS
• Gametes are the “sex” cells and contain only ½ the normal number of chromosomes…. called
the “Haploid” number (the symbol is n). Sperm, Testes. Ovum, Ovaries. MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS
• Meion which means reduce, two stages: Meiosis I - reductional division; Meiosis II -
equational division
INTERPHASE
• Pre meiotic interphase
MEIOSIS I
• Prophase I
- Leptotene/Leptonema - begin to condense, increase in nuclear volume
- Zygotene/Zygonema - pairing between homologus chromosomes
- Pachytene/Pachynema - synapsis is complete, chiasmata, crossing over
- Diplotene/Diplonema - DNA recombination is complete
- Diakinesis - shorter and thicker
• Metaphase I - bivalents migrate within a cell migrate to metaphase plate
• Anaphase I - move to opposite poles
• Telophase I - complete their migration to the two poles, nucleolus reappears
CYTOKINESIS
• Formation of cleavage furrow, two daughter cells are produced, each with one half of he
number of chromosomes of the original parent cell
MEIOSIS II
• Prophase II - composed of a pair of sister chromatids attached by a common centromere.
• Metaphase II - Centromeres are positioned at the equatorial plane.
• Anaphase II - Centromeres divide and the sister chromatids of each dyad are pulled to opposite
poles
• Telophase II - One member of each pair of homologous chromosome present in each pole

You might also like