PRACTICE 5:

The pipe running from the sollar collector to the tank is filled with an anti-freeze fluid that is heated
via the sun.

MODEL 1

The diagram outlines the manner in which water can be heated for domestic use via the sun.

The household’s water tank is fed cold water (presumed to be coming from the city) as its base
and dispenses hot water from its top. The tank water is heated in two ways. The first is via a
traditional boiler heater, which likely circulates a heated anti-freeze solution through a pipe that
coils within the upper part of the tank. The second connects another coil of pipe in the bottom of
the tank to a pump and circulates the same anti-freeze solution to the root of the house. From
here, the solution is heated in a solar collector by the sun before circulating back to the tank.
Water temperature is set using a controller, which dictates the rate at which anti-freeze solution
is pumped to the roof for heating. In the vent of inclement weather, tank water can be heated via
a traditional boiler.
MODEL 2:

The diagram illustrates a typical active solar domestic water heating system. A pump, controlled
by the temperature difference controller is used to circulate the heating fluid. The controller
constantly monitors the difference between the temperature of the solar collectors and the
temperature of the water in the cylinder.

Whenever the collector is hotter than the cylinder, the controller switches on the system's
circulating pump. A mixture of antifreeze and water is then circulated through the collectors and
the cylinder's heat exchanger, heating the cylinder in just the same way as a central heating boiler.

The heat exchanger in the hot water cylinder transfers the heat from the water mixture to the
water in the cylinder. Any excess heated water can either be controlled by the use of a
temperature controlled mixer valve or simply dispersed through a heat sink, such as a towel rail
or in extreme cases a swimming pool!

PRACTICE 3
The diagram below shows how solar panels can be used to provide electricity for domestic use.

INTRODUCTION: paraphrase the question as usual

→The picture illustrates the process of producing electricity in a home using solar panels.
OVERVIEW: say two general things about the diagram
→It is clear that there are five distinct stages in this process, beginning with the capture of
energy from sunlight. The final two steps show how domestic electricity is connected to the
external power supply.
MODEL REPORT:

The picture illustrates the process of producing electricity in a home using solar panels.
Overall, there are five distinct stages in this process, beginning with the capture of energy from
sunlight with the final two steps showing how domestic electricity is connected to the external
power supply.
At the first stage in the process, energy is taken from the sun by solar panels on the roof of a
normal house before being converted into DC current. Next, this current is passed to an inverter
which changes it to AC current and regulates the supply of electricity. Subsequently, electricity is
supplied to the home from an electrical panel.
At the fourth step shown in the diagram, a utility meter in the home is responsible for sending any
extra electric power outside the house into the grid. Finally, if the solar panels do not provide
enough energy for the household, electricity will flow from the utility grid into the home through
the meter. (161 words)

PRACTICE 1: The diagram below shows how a hot air balloon ascends and descends.
The diagrams compares how a hot air balloon is operated in order for it to ascend and descend.
Generally, warmer air causes the balloon to rise whereas cooler air with the help of the parachute
valve, will lower it. These actions can be controlled by the pilot situated in the basket of the
balloon.

To raise the balloon, the pilot releases gas from the propane tanks located in the basket to flow into
the burner which is underneath the skirt of the balloon. This causes the burner to produce a
flame which draws heat into the envelope. The pilot does not need to operate the parachute valve
at this time. As the air inside the balloon heats up, the gores and panels of the envelope expand,
causing the balloon to ascend.

In comparison, to allow the balloon to descend, the pilot must not ignite the burner. Instead, the
parachute valve cords are pulled down, causing the parachute valve at the very top of the balloon
to open. This forces the hot air inside the envelope to escape so that cooler air can enter, thus
lowering the temperature for the balloon to descend.

PRACTICE 2:
The diagram shows the hydro-electric power generating process. According to the image, the
process contains both cyclical and linear stages and is highly dependent upon natural rainfall and
the force of gravity.
The process begins when the sun’s rays evaporate water. This evaporated moisture forms clouds
and is precipitated back to the earth as rain. Some of this rain is collected in a dammed reservoir
located at the base of a mountain, which uses the earth’s gravitational pull to enhance the water
collection process. The dam is connected to a valve that allows the water to flow downhill and into
a turbine, where the kinetic energy of this moving water is converted to electricity. The water is
then directed towards a pump and returned to the reservoir for future use.
The electricity produced in the turbine is routed to a transformer station via high voltage cables.
The transformer station converts the electricity to a useable energy and transfers this energy to
residential and industrial areas through underground cable. Energy consumption marks the final
stage of the process.
PRACTICE 3:

The illustration below show the process of how nuclear power plants make electricity.

This is a man-made linear process that starts with the uranium fuel and water creating steam
and ends with electricity being sent to the grid. There are 6 main stages including steam
production, turbines driving a generator and a transformer creating electricity.

First of all, uranium fuel creates heat in the steam generator and this water vapor flows
through pipes to a turbine. The steam causes the turbine to spin and in turn powers a
generator which subsequently creates electricity.
After that, electricity from the generator is transferred to a transformer where the electric
can be changed to a form that is ready to be sent to the grid to power homes and industry.
Hot water makes its way to a cooling tower, condenses and then returns to the turbine or can
flow into the cold water source.

PRACTICE 4:

The process for obtaining feedback differs at various points of the writing process. In the planning
stage the main job of the responder is to listen and question. The writer should do most of the
talking, since talking provides excellent rehearsal for writing. The responder's questions show the
writer which parts of the composition need further development or clarification.

After the first draft has been written, the responder helps the writer know what comes across from
the composition. It works well for the writer to read the composition aloud and for the responder
to "tell back" what he or she has heard. This keeps the focus on content rather than mechanics. A
reader's feedback is invaluable in helping the writer improve the composition. A writer who asks
open-ended questions about specific parts of the composition will encourage additional feedback;
however, a writer who becomes defensive will discourage suggestions. A writing conference is
likely to be most productive when the writer knows what specific help he or she needs at that time.
Although a writer may confer with many people, ultimately he or she is the one who must decide
which changes to make.

A key to successful writing—and to successful writing instruction—is to break the writing process
into manageable parts in order to focus on one step at a time. Each pair of vertical arrows represents
a loop that may be traveled repeatedly. A writer may confer many times—with several people—
before he or she is ready to move on to the next stage of the writing process.
PRACTICE 5:
➢ MODEL REPORT: IELTS BARRON (PRACTICE TEST 1 – PAGE 39)