Gap-filling

Unit 1: (done)
1. Nestlé is one of the leading producers of cereals, sweets, chocolates, baby formulas,
and __________.
drinks
2. The company is headquartered in __________, Switzerland.
Vevey
3. Nestlé's mission is to be the leading __________, nutrition, and wellness company in
the world.
health
4. The firm works hard to provide __________ choices in a wide range of beverages and
foods to its consumers.
nutritious
5. In an attempt to achieve its business goals, Nestlé has been undertaking numerous
strategies, __________, and practices.
researches
6. Nestlé has been accused of engaging in __________ malpractices that leave many
animals dead.
Animal testing
7. Cruelty-Free International (CFI) has been on the frontline to ensure all corporations
engage in __________ practices.
ethical
8. Nestlé has been accused of producing unhealthy __________ formulas and food
products.
baby
9. The company’s mission and __________ dictate its business goals.
vision
10. The ethical issue with animal testing has emerged from the fact that animals should
be treated with respect and __________.
dignity
1. Corporate culture is the collection of values, beliefs, __________, and attitudes that
characterize an organization.
ethics
2. An organization's culture can be articulated in its mission statement or __________
statement.
vision
3. Elements of corporate culture include the physical environment, human resource
management practices, and staff __________.
work habits
4. A corporate culture that reflects the broader culture is usually more __________ than
one at odds with it.
successful
5. In the current global culture, transparency, equality, and __________ are highly
valued.
communication
6. __________ culture is characterized by a family-like atmosphere with a focus on
mentoring, nurturing, teamwork, and togetherness.
Clan
7. __________ culture values risk-taking and innovation, emphasizing flexibility for
employees to create their own initiatives.
Adhocracy
8. A __________ culture uses structures and controls to ensure efficiency and stability.
hierarchy
9. Researchers have found that organizations with well-conceived cultures attract workers
who fit well with the __________ environment.
work
10. Negative corporate cultures have been found to contribute to __________ corporate
activity and other serious problems.
criminal

Unit 2: (done)
1. Operations management refers to the activities, decisions, and responsibilities of
managing the production and delivery of _______ and _______.

products and services

2. The essential element in effective operations management is the _______ of design,

planning and control, and quality assurance.

integration

3. Operations managers are responsible for managing the _______ that comprise the
operations functions

resource

4. In operations management, right quality means the quality of a product is based on the
customers' _______ and _______.

needs - requirements

5. Producing goods at the _______ cost is one of the goals in operations management.

pre-determined

6. If a company produces more than the demand, capital will be blocked up in the form of
_______.
inventory

7. The effectiveness of the production department is often judged by the _______ of

delivery.
timeliness

8. Efficiency in operations management means doing something at the lowest possible

_______.
cost
 9. Maximizing both effectiveness and efficiency simultaneously can create a _______
between the two goals.
conflict

10. The conceptual model of operations management includes the design, planning and
control, and _______ of products and services.
quality assurance
1. **The traditional command-and-control operations management model is becoming outdated
in a post-_______ world.**
pandemic
2. **In the new operations management model, decision-making is dispersed to the _______ in
the organization where it makes the most sense.**
drown point
3. **The principle of subsidiarity suggests that issues should be dealt with at the most immediate
or _______ level consistent with their resolution.**
local
4. **Dispersing decision-making in operations allows companies to respond rapidly and
appropriately to _______ in the business environment.**
disruptions
5. **Key enablers for the shift in operations management include trust, _______, transparency,
and technology.**
talent
6. **Nestlé's operator-centric organization model focuses on three things: empowerment,
engagement, and _______.**
enablement
7. **In 60 Nestlé factories, operators use _______ to scan a code on equipment and access
relevant data.**
iPads
8. **The concept of “mission-directed work teams” was introduced by _______ Dynamics
International.**
Competitive
9. **Operators at Nestlé understand the _______ within which they can make decisions.**
boundaries
10. **Nestlé plans to deploy the operator-centric organization model throughout its _______
factories globally.**
350

Unit 3: (done)
1. Strategic management is divided into several _________.
schools of thought
2. A _________ approach outlines how strategies should be developed.
perspective
3. A _________ focuses on how strategies should be put into practice.
descriptive approach
4. Strategies can be developed through an _________.
analytic process
5. Business culture and _________ of employees influence how an organization achieves
its objectives.
competencies
6. Large companies may find it difficult to succeed in a(n) _________ business
environment.
inflexible
7. Creating a _________ between strategy development and implementation is crucial.
barrier
8. The collective knowledge is _________ to develop future strategies.
used
9. A(n) _________ plan prepares a business for unexpected events.
crisis management
10. Communication during times of uncertainty _________ confidence among
stakeholders.
instills
11. It is vital to _________ what crises could occur.
predict/forecast
12. Companies should _________ a crisis-management team.
setup

Unit 4: (done)
1. Fixed assets such as buildings and machinery gradually ………………….because they
depreciate over time.
Wear out
2. The process of converting an asset into an expense is known as …………………
depreciation
3. The most common method of depreciation is the ……………..method.
straight line
4. The reducing balance method charges ……………....amounts of an asset’s value each
year.
smaller
5. …………………….involves decisions about investing in long-term assets.
Capital budgeting
6. …………….refers to the capital used in daily operations of a business.
Working capital
7. The primary goal of financial management is to maximize ……………..
value/shareholder wealth/profit
8. Financial planning includes analyzing previous ……………………….to prepare for
future expenses.
expenditure
9. ………………………..is essential for maintaining liquidity in a company.
Cash management
10. ………………..affects stock performance and business investments.
Market risk
11. ……………involves the risk of not having enough cash to meet obligations.
Liquidity risk
12. ……………………..affects the company’s ability to borrow at favorable rates.
Credit risk
13. Financial reporting includes preparing the company’s …………………..
Financial statement
14………………..is used to regulate and optimize the company’s expenses.
Financial control
15. ………………..determines the portion of profits to be distributed to shareholders.
Dividend decision
16. ………………….focuses on capital allocation to maximize returns.
Capital budgeting
17. The financial manager’s role in budgeting involves allocating funds for
………………
Required spending
18. …………………category includes risks like cyber-attacks and natural disasters.
Operational risk
19. ………………..involves developing strategies to mitigate financial risks.
Risk management
20. …………………management involves balancing equity and debt.
Capital structure

Unit 5: (done)
1. Integrated information systems, such as the Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
(ERPS) produced by Oracle and SAP, provide ____________ information systems that
tie together managerial accounting, financial reporting, customer databases, supply chain
management, and other databases.
integrated
2. With ERPS, accounting and other databases are ____________ with numerous
applications such as managing the supply chain, making general ledger entries, and
reporting to top management.
integrated
3. Web hosting reduces the need for in-house ____________ technology people as well
as for transaction and systems managers.
information
4. Lean production eliminates ____________ between production departments, making
the quality and efficiency of production the highest priority.
inventory
5. Lean production requires the ____________ to change quickly from one product to
another.
flexibility
6. Total Quality Management (TQM) means the organization focuses on excelling in all
____________.
dimensions
7. Customers ultimately define ____________ under the Total Quality Management
(TQM) philosophy.
quality
8. The theory of constraints (TOC) views a business as a linked sequence of processes
that transforms inputs into saleable ____________.
outputs
9. Benchmarking is the continuous process of ____________ one’s own products,
services, and activities against the best levels of performance.
measuring
10. Toyota Motor Company gets much of the credit for applying the concept of
____________ and continuous improvement.
benchmarking
11. In ERPS, managers and staff can directly access accounting ____________.
information
12. Web hosting enables a company to focus on its core ____________ while taking
advantage of the host's server and bandwidth capabilities.
competencies
13. Just-in-time (JIT) production is part of a ____________ production philosophy that
emphasizes eliminating waste.
lean
14. A Hewlett-Packard plant eliminated 100,000 journal entries per month after installing
just-in-time ____________ methods.
production
15. Total Quality Management (TQM) performance measures likely include product
____________ and service delivery.
reliability
16. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) methodology focuses on identifying and improving
the ____________ link in a process.
weakest
17. Benchmarking and continuous improvement are considered the ____________ with
no finish.
race
18. Under Total Quality Management (TQM), customers determine the company’s
____________ standards by their own wishes and needs.
performance
19. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) helps companies improve operations by
concentrating efforts on the ____________ link.
weakest
20. ____________ are responsible for providing financial information about an
organization’s performance, including its financial position and operating results.
Accountants
Unit 6: (done)
1. **The series of functions in Human Resource Management (HRM) includes Job
Design, Job Analysis, and __________.**
Human Resources Planning
2. **Activities concerned with systematically arranging and rearranging tasks into jobs
are known as __________.**
Job Design
3. **The systematic attempt to collect and organize information regarding available jobs
and the ideal persons needed is called __________.**
Job Analysis
4. **Human Resource Planning involves determining the types and numbers of
employees needed for future __________.**
Business goals
5. **The area of HRM that consists of Recruitment, Selection, Hiring, and Induction is
known as __________.**
Staffing
6. **Performance Evaluation assesses how well employees have __________ their
jobs.**
worked
7. **Training and Development provides employees with the new knowledge, skills, and
__________ needed for current and future jobs.**
right attitudes
8. **Rewards Management is composed of Pay Management, Welfare Management, and
__________ Management.**
Incentives
9. **Health and Safety Management focuses on maintaining the total __________ of
employees.**
health and safety
10. **Grievance Handling addresses discontents arising from feelings of __________ felt
by employees.**
injustice

Unit 7: (done)
1. **An information system is a collection of many sets of data that ensures the
successful completion of a business __________.**
objective

2. **The three parts of the information system triangle represent processes, people, and
__________.**
computers
3. **An information system uses a range of equipment, including hardware and different
systems and __________ software.**
application
4. **General-purpose information systems, such as database management systems, focus
on providing a __________ service for a range of uses.**
general
5. **A specialized information system is built for a specific __________ of a firm or
organization.**
process
6. **The first part of an information system includes the people who __________ with
it.**
interact
7. **Business processes are the activities that are carried out in a business for specific
__________.**
purpose
8. **Operations support systems complement a certain operation of the __________.**
business
9. **Management information systems help gather data from multiple online systems and
analyze it for __________ purposes.**
reporting
10. **Executive information systems focus on management support and are used in
__________-level decision-making.**
senior

Unit 8: (done)

1. The process of scaling and diffusion is crucial for driving significant business __________
and competitive advantage.**
transformation
2. **Organizations must consider both __________ and technological factors when assessing the
scalability of an innovation.**
human element
3. **The assessment of scalability helps organizations identify potential __________ that could
impede the scaling process.**
bottleneck
4. **Expanding an innovation within an organization requires breaking down __________ and
promoting cross-functional collaboration.
silos

1. Innovation management refers to the systematic processes, methods, and tools that
organizations use to stimulate, capture, and capitalize on __________.
Innovation

2. A culture of innovation encourages employees at all levels to generate and share ideas
__________.
Freely

3. Organizations often establish __________ labs or designated innovation teams to foster a

culture of innovation.
Innovation

4. Incentives and recognition systems can include monetary rewards for successful
innovations and celebrating the effort and __________ of employees.
Creativity

5. Assessing a concept's viability and compatibility with the strategic goals of the company
is known as __________ screening.
 Idea

6. Once promising ideas are identified, they are developed into concrete __________.
Projects

7. Open innovation involves seeking ideas and partnerships beyond the organization's
__________.
Confines

8. Collaboration with external partners can lead to breakthrough _________

innovations

9. Common innovation metrics include the number of new products launched, revenue
generated from innovations, and the __________ for new ideas.
Time-to-market

10. Regular evaluation of metrics allows organizations to adapt their innovation __________.
strategies
1. Scalability refers to the ability of an innovation to grow and adapt to the demands of a
larger audience or broader market without sacrificing __________ or performance.
quality
2. Identifying potential __________ early in the scaling process is essential to prevent
issues down the road.
bottleneck/limitations
3. Organizations must evaluate the infrastructure, resources, and __________ that underpin
the innovation to ensure they can accommodate a larger user base.
technologies
4. To support the scaled innovation, organizations may need to invest in additional
resources or __________ upgrades.
technological
5. Workforce development and __________ may be required if existing teams do not
possess the necessary skills for the scaled innovation.
upskilling
6. Expanding into new markets may involve geographic diversification and targeting
different __________ segments.
customers
 7. Knowledge transfer involves sharing expertise, insights, and __________ related to the
innovation across the organization.
best practice
8. Training programs should be tailored to the specific needs of different departments or
__________.
units
9. Continuous monitoring of the innovation's performance is essential to gauge its impact
and make necessary __________.
adjustments
10. Organizations should establish clear metrics and __________ to measure the success of
the innovation.
Key performance indicators (KPIs)

Unit 9: (done)

1. Marketing management in the new millennium emphasizes quality, value,

relationships, and __________.
customer satisfaction
2. Product quality is defined by customers' __________ and evaluative criteria.
perceptions
3. A successful quality strategy requires teamwork and __________ across all functional
areas.
cooperation
4. Continuous quality improvement processes are critical for enhancing service quality
and __________ satisfaction.
customer
5. The sociocultural environment consists of the cultural and social __________ of the
countries where the organization markets its products.
structure
6. The demographic environment includes the size, distribution, and __________ of
people and organizations.
composition
7. The economic environment involves income, savings, investment levels, and
government __________.
expenditure
8. The competitive environment requires analysis of competitors' __________ and
strategies.
actions
9. Laws and regulations in the political/legal environment govern product safety,
__________, pricing, and distribution.
warranties
10. Ethical issues in marketing can be related to individual or __________ marketing
decisions.
collective
11. Effective relationship management contributes to __________ customer satisfaction.
increased
12. Marketers must study the social institutions, values, beliefs, and behaviors in the
__________ environment.
sociocultural
13. Personal income levels and __________ rates are factors in the economic
environment.
interest
14. In a value-based marketing strategy, customers' increasing demand for __________
prompts businesses to rethink their approach.
values
15. To excel in service strategy, companies must determine their target market's specific
service __________.
expectations
16. The Strategic Planning Institute's approach includes creating a quality __________
for the company's product compared to competitors.
score
17. The technological environment affects marketing programs through research and
development, design improvements, and new __________.
marketing functions
18. The competitive environment must be analyzed to determine its effect on marketing
__________.
programs
19. Globalization has caused a change in __________ decisions.
market
20. Collective marketing decisions may lead to long-term ethical __________.
Issues
21. The integration of the Internet into marketing requires marketers to __________ their
strategies.
adapt
22. Marketing management principles focus on understanding, planning, implementing,
connecting, and __________.
controlling
23. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is essential for adapting to evolving
customers __________.
Needs
24. To achieve world-class quality, organizations must have unequivocal top __________
support.
management
25. Ethical issues may arise from marketing decisions that prioritize profits over
__________.
ethics
26. The __________ environment consists of laws and regulations affecting business
operations.
Legal
27. An organization's focus on quality should result in higher customer __________.
retention/satisfaction
28. Strong relationship management can lead to improved __________ systems.
distribution
29. The legal environment includes laws that affect advertising and product __________.
Pricing/distribution
30. Successful use of the Internet in marketing involves creatively merging it with
__________ strategies.
Traditional/conventional

Unit 10: (done)

1. An entry mode is the institutional __________ by which a firm gets its products into a
market.
arrangement
2. There are three categories of entry modes: exporting, __________ entry, and
investment entry.
contractual
3. Exporting is the act of sending goods and services from one nation to __________.
another
4. Direct exporting occurs when a company sells its products directly to __________ in a
target market.
buyers
5. __________ exporting occurs when a company sells its products to intermediaries who
then resell them to buyers in a target market.
indirect
6. Selling goods or services that are paid for with other goods or services is called
__________.
countertrade
7. __________ is a contractual entry mode where a company grants another firm the right
to use its property for a specified period.
Licensing
8. Franchising is when one company supplies another with intangible property and other
assistance over an extended __________.
period
9. A __________ contract involves one company supplying another with managerial
expertise.
management
10. A wholly owned subsidiary is a facility entirely owned and controlled by a
__________ company.
Single-parent
11. A joint venture is a separate company created and __________ by two or more
independent entities.
jointly owned
12. Vertical __________ is the process by which a company extends its control over
additional stages of production.
integration
13. Outsourcing is the practice of buying a good or service from another company that is
not central to a company’s __________ advantage.
competitive
14. Companies make products rather than buy them to reduce __________ costs.
total
15. The main reason companies outsource is to reduce the degree to which they are
vertically __________.
integrated
16. One way a company can eliminate the exposure of assets to political risk is by
refusing to __________ in plants and equipment abroad.
invest
17. Companies can gain market power by becoming important __________ for suppliers.
customers
18. A make-or-buy decision refers to whether to make a __________ or buy it from
another company.
component
19. Raw material quality has a significant influence on the quality of a company’s
__________ product.
end
20. A turnkey project involves designing, constructing, and __________ a facility for a
client.
testing
21. The key factors influencing entry mode selection include the cultural environment,
political and legal environments, and __________ size.
market
22. Strategic __________ are formed when two or more entities cooperate to achieve
strategic goals without forming a new company.
alliances
23. Companies typically make their initial foray into the international market through
__________.
exporting
24. As companies gain international experience, they may explore __________,
franchising, and management contracts.
licensing
25. A cross-licensing agreement is when companies swap __________ property with one
another.
intangible
26. The process of deciding whether to make or buy a component is known as the
__________ decision.
make-or-buy
27. In the context of outsourcing, maintaining flexibility allows companies to respond to
changing __________ conditions.
market
28. A barrier to buying products from international suppliers can be the imposition of
import __________.
tariffs
29. In developing markets, companies may face challenges in acquiring __________
locally.
equipment
30. A joint venture may involve forward integration, backward integration, buyback, or a
__________ joint venture.
multistage

Open-ended question
Unit 1:
1. What are the ethical issues associated with Nestlé's animal testing practices?
2. How does Nestlé’s mission and vision influence its business strategies?
3. What role does R&D play in Nestlé's efforts to achieve its business goals?
4. What criticisms have been directed at Nestlé regarding its baby formulas and food
products?
5. How has Cruelty-Free International (CFI) responded to the issue of animal testing
in corporations like Nestlé?
6. What are the key elements that make up corporate culture in an organization?
7. How does corporate culture influence an organization's success?
8. What are the different types of corporate cultures identified by Robert Quinn and
Kim Cameron?
9. What can happen to organizations with a toxic corporate culture?
10. What steps can organizations take to ensure a positive corporate culture?

Unit 2:
1. What are the three essential components of operations management according to
the conceptual model?
2. How does operations management ensure the right quantity of products is
produced?
3. Why might there be a conflict between maximizing effectiveness and efficiency in
operations management?
4. How is the 'right quality' of a product determined in operations management?
5. What is the role of operations managers in an organization?
 6. Why is the traditional command-and-control model of operations management
considered outdated in a post-pandemic world?
7. What does the principle of subsidiarity imply in the context of operations
management?
8. How does technology play a role in the new operations management model
described in the article?
9. What are the three focuses of Nestlé’s operator-centric organization model?
10. How do “mission-directed work teams” function in Nestlé’s factories?

Unit 3:
1. What is the main purpose of strategic management?

2. Why is operational effectiveness alone not enough for a company to achieve a

sustainable competitive advantage?

3. What are the three major phases of crisis management?

4. How does crisis management differ from risk management?

5. What role does communication play in crisis management?

Unit 4:
1. Explain the role of financial management in ensuring the long-term success of a
company.
- Financial management helps organizations to plan, organize, and govern financial
activities to keep business moving and maintain healthy profits.
2. What are the four major areas of financial management and how do they interrelate
- 4 major areas of financial management: planning, budgeting, managing and
assessing risk and procedures.
-

3. Discuss the importance of risk management in financial decision-making.

4. How does financial forecasting contribute to better decision-making in an

organization?

5. Compare and contrast financial control and financial reporting

Unit 6:
1. **What are the main functions of Human Resource Management, and why are they
important for organizations?**
2. **How does effective job design contribute to employee satisfaction and productivity?
**

3. **What role does performance evaluation play in the development of employees

within an organization?**

4. **Why is Human Resource Planning essential for the success of an organization?**

5. **In what ways can effective grievance handling benefit an organization?**

Unit 7:

1. **What are the key components of an information system, and why are they important
for its success?**
- Key components of an information system are process, people, computers. They
are important because they integrate with data and business processes, while also
requiring human input. Without each of these components, an IS cannot succeed.
2. **How do information systems facilitate the conversion of raw data into useful
information?**
-
3. **What is the difference between general-purpose and specialized information
systems?**

4. **How can the integration of information technology improve business operations?**

5. **Why are decision support systems considered vital for modern organizations?**

Unit 8: (done)
1. What are the key components of innovation management that contribute to
organizational success?
- Culture of Innovation, Idea Selections, Open Innovation, Metrics and
Evaluations
2. How does fostering a culture of innovation impact employee engagement and idea
generation?
 This culture encourages employees at all levels to generate and share ideas. It
recognizes that innovation can originate from anyone in company, not just
from R&D departments.
3. What challenges might organizations face when implementing open innovation
strategies?
Open innovation may lead to invasion of privacy and technical leakage since
innovation is shared between corporations.
4. Why is it important for organizations to regularly evaluate their innovation
metrics?
Regular evaluation of these metrics allows organizations to adapt their
innovation strategies.
5. How can collaboration with external partners enhance the innovation process
within an organization?
Collaboration with external partners can lead to breakthrough innovations.
By tapping into external expertise and diverse perspectives, organizations can
access fresh insights and develop novel solutions to complex challenges.
6. Why is assessing scalability important in the innovation process?
Because they must identify any limitations early on to prevent scalability
issues down the road, in order to ensure consistent growth of the innovation.
2. What role does knowledge transfer play in the diffusion of innovation within an
organization?
Knowledge transfer is the process of sharing the expertise, insights, and best
practices related to the innovation across the organization.
3. How can organizations ensure that their employees are prepared to support scaled
innovations?
Organizations should do training which is about equipping employees with
the skills and knowledge needed to work with innovation effectively. Training
programs should be tailored to the specific needs of different departments
and units, ensuring that everyone is well-prepared to embrace innovation.
4. What are some of the challenges organizations might face when expanding an
innovation into new markets?
They might face cultural differences, legal challenges, local market
competition and issues with adaptation.

5. Why is continuous monitoring and adaptation crucial during the scaling and
diffusion phase of an innovation?
 It is essential to gauge an innovation’s impact and make necessary
adjustments.

Unit 9: (done)
1. **Question:** What are the key elements that modern marketing management focuses
on?
- Key elements that modern marketing management focuses on are quality, value,
relationships and customer satisfaction.
2. **Question:** How does value-based marketing strategy benefit customers?
- Value-based marketing strategy benefits customers with the right combination of
product quality, service support and time delivery at a reasonable price.
3. **Question:** Why is continuous quality improvement (CQI) essential for
organizations?
- Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is essential for organizations because it
help them to adapt to evolving customer needs and expectations
4. **Question:** How does globalization impact marketing strategies?
- Globalization is the process of conducting business and operating on an
international scale, leading to increased interconnectedness and integration of
various markets and economies. As international markets account for larger and
larger shares of many organizations, marketers must learn to adapt their strategies
to compete effectively.
5. **Question:** What role does the legal environment play in marketing decisions?
- Legal environment includes the laws, regulations, and statutes that govern
business operations. It influences how companies conduct their activities, such as
product safety, pricing, advertising, and distribution.

Essay
Unit 1:
Why must business be socially responsible? Explain.

Unit 2:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Operation management is the key
contributor to the success of an organization.
Unit 3:
Opinion about the necessity of strategic management

Unit 4:
Agree or disagree: Effective Financial Management í the cornerstone of a successful and
productive organization.

Unit 5:
"The transformative role of Managerial Accounting in modern production environments
is crucial in reshaping business strategies and enhancing operational efficiencies. "
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Support your view with insights from your
own knowledge and experience.

Unit 6:
"Effective Human Resource Management is the cornerstone of a successful and
productive organization."
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Support your view with insights from your
own knowledge and experience.

Unit 7:
1.**"To what extent do you agree or disagree that the integration of information
technology into business operations is essential for organizational success in the modern
era?"**

Essay Prompt

In your essay, discuss the role of information technology and information systems in
enhancing business operations. Consider the benefits of integrating technology into
business processes and the impact on decision-making, efficiency, and competitiveness.
Provide reasons and examples to support your viewpoint, and consider potential
counterarguments. Conclude with a summary of your opinion.

Structure Suggestion
1. **Introduction**
- Introduce the significance of information technology in business operations today.
- Clearly state your opinion on its essentiality for organizational success.

2. **Body Paragraph 1: Benefits of Information Technology Integration**

- Discuss how technology improves efficiency, data management, and communication.
- Provide examples of businesses that have thrived through effective IT integration.

3. **Body Paragraph 2: Role of Information Systems in Decision-Making**

- Explain how information systems assist in data analysis and informed decision-
making.
- Highlight the importance of decision support systems in navigating complex business
environments.

4. **Conclusion**
- Summarize your key points and restate your opinion.
- Emphasize the necessity of embracing technology for future business success.
2.'Data is crucial for managers' decision making and that's why the information system in
a business plays a vital role'.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above argument (Todorova & Hoeben,
2022)? Support your view from your own knowledge and experience.

Unit 8:
The Role of Innovation Management in Business Success: Explore how effective
innovation management strategies contribute to the sustained growth and competitiveness
of businesses.

Unit 9:
1. Discuss the impact of globalization on marketing strategies in multinational
companies.
2. Evaluate the role of ethical considerations in shaping modern marketing practices.
3. Analyze how the integration of e-commerce has transformed traditional marketing
management principles.

Unit 10:
1. Discuss any of the entry modes companies use to go international.
2. Define outsourcing. Why do companies buy instead of making a component in-rejec
house?