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Building Components - 2100161

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15 views

Building Components - 2100161

Uploaded by

sm.wahiduzzaman19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Code: CE 1200

Course Title: Computer Aided Drafting

TOPIC: BUILDING COMPONENTS


Presented by: Presented to:

M. A. Shafy MD. Mohayminul Islam


Roll: 2100161 Lecturer,
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
RUET RUET
Components of A Building

Buildings are complex structures composed of various components that


work together to create functional and habitable spaces.

Building is divided into three parts:


1. Substructure
2. Plinth
3. Superstructure
Substructure
The substructure refers to the portion of the building that sits below
the ground. This includes foundation of a building.

Foundation
The foundation is the base upon which the
entire building rests. It transfers the weight of
the building and its occupants to the ground,
ensuring stability.
Foundation

Shallow Deep
Foundation Foundation
Plinth
The plinth is a dividing line between the substructure and superstructure.

It is the building above the ground


level and up to the floor level
immediately above the ground.
The plinth is usually kept at least 45
cm (1.5 ft) above the
general ground level of the building.

Plinth
Plinth Beam
A plinth beam is a rectangular stone block that supports a building's
pillars and subcolumns. A reinforced concrete plinth beam is built
between the wall and its foundation during construction.

The standard plinth beam


depth ranges between 300
mm or 12 inches depending
on various factors.
Superstructure
It is the part of the building constructed above the plinth level.

Parts of the Superstructure:


1. Columns 11. DPC
2. Roof 12. Drop wall
3. Lintels 13. Cornice
4. Parapet wall
5. Slab
6. Beams
7. Masonry wall
8. Stair
9. Doors, Windows
10. Sunshades
Column
The column is a vertical structural element that carries compressive
loads.

The column transfers loads


from the slab or the beam to
the foundation below.
Roof
The roof is the uppermost element of a building and its main purpose
is to cover the space below and protect it from snow, rain, sun, wind etc.

A roof basically consists


of structural elements
provided at the top of
building for the support
of roof coverings.
Lintels
A lintel is constructed above all the wall openings to support the load
coming over it and transfer safely to the side walls.

The width of the lintel is


the same as that of wall
width, generally 6’’ thick
and it ends into the
masonry wall.
Parapet Wall
Parapet is a short wall barrier that is
constructed at the edge of a terrace
roof, balcony or walkway as a means
of protection.

Drop Wall
Drop wall is provided in the verandah
projected downward from the slab to
prevent the entry of sunshine or
rainwater.
Drop Wall
Slab
Slabs are horizontal structural elements that serve the purpose of floor,
roofs or ceilings. These are flat surfaces with top and bottom face
parallel to each other.
In structures that are multiple
stories, the slab is the ceiling of
one story and floor of the story
above it. The slab transfers the
weight from the story above it
vertically to the walls and columns
that support the structure.
Beam
An RCC beam is provided within the
slab, which depth is equal to the slab
depth refers to the hidden beam. It also
refers to a concealed beam.

DPC (Damp Proof Course)


The damp proof course (DPC) is generally
applied at basement levels, which restricts
the movement of moisture through walls
and floors.
Masonry Wall
Masonry walls are the most durable
part of any building or structure. It use
masonry materials such as brick, stone,
or concrete blocks to construct walls.

Stair
A stair is a set of steps leading from one floor of a building
to another, typically inside the building. The room or
enclosure of the building, in which the stair is located is
known as staircase. The opening or space occupied by the
stair is known as a stairway.
Door
It is defined as an open able barrier in a
wall opening.
Generally, door dimension is 3’ x 7’

Window
Generally, A window is above 3’ from
the floor level.
Window dimension is 3’ x 4’
Sunshades
A sunshade is slope or horizontal and is
provided over windows to provide
protection from sun and rain.
The projection of sunshade is extended
2’ from the face of the wall.

Cornice
Cornice is an extended portion of slab projecting
horizontally outside from the slab which protects
the brick wall from sunshine or rain.

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