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Physics Project1

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14 views

Physics Project1

Uploaded by

sanjayatinternet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHY

SICS
INVESTIGA
TORY
PROJECT
TOPIC:
EFFECT OF TENSION ON
THE PITCH OF A STRING
NAME:
M.SANJAY
CLASS: XII CLEVER
ROLL NO:
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ‘SANJAY.M’ student


of XII has
successfully completed the Investigatory
project on
the topic ’EFFECT OF TENSION ON THE
PITCH OF A
STRING' under the guidance of
‘SWEDHA.R’ during
the academic year 2024-2025 as per the
guidelines
issued by the Central Board of Secondary
Education.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In accomplishment of this project


successfully, many people have bestowed
upon me their blessings and the heart
pledges support, I would like to use this
opportunity to thank everyone who has
been concerned with this project.

Primarily, I would Thank God for enabling


me to complete my project successfully. I
would like to thank my Principal MRS.
ISHWARIYA.M and my Physics teacher
MRS. SWEDHA.R whose valuable
guidance has supported me to completed
this project and make it a full proof
success.

Then I would like to thank my parents and


friends who have helped me with their
valuable suggestions. Their guidance has
been beneficial in various phases of my
project completion.
CONTENTS

1.Introduction
2.Aim
3.Apparatus
4.Theory
5.Procedure
6.Observation
7.Result
8.Conclusion
9.Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between tension and pitch in
a vibrating string is a fascinating aspect of
wave mechanics that manifests in various
real-world scenarios. When we pluck a guitar
string or strike a piano key, the pitch of the
sound produced is intricately linked to the
tension in the string. This relationship is
fundamental to the harmonious melodies we
enjoy in music and the functionality of musical
instruments.
Consider a guitar string: by adjusting the
tuning pegs to increase or decrease tension,
we can alter the pitch of the notes produced.
Similarly, in a violin, the tension in the strings
can be adjusted to achieve different notes.
These examples highlight the practical
significance of understanding how tension
influences pitch.
In this investigatory project, we delve into the
mechanics behind this phenomenon. By
conducting experiments where we
systematically vary the tension in a string and
measure the corresponding pitches produced,
we aim to establish a clear relationship
between tension and pitch. Through data
analysis and observation of the experimental
results, we can uncover the nuances of this
relationship and its implications across
disciplines.
By exploring the effect of tension on the pitch
of a string, we not only deepen our
understanding of wave behavior but also gain
insights that can be applied in areas such as
music theory, instrument design, and
acoustics. This project serves as a gateway to
unraveling the intricate interplay between
tension, vibration, and pitch in the realm of
physics and sound.
AIM
 To study the effect of
tension (by mass) on
the pitch of a string.
APPARATUS

 A plastic box
 Wooden wedge(triangular)
 A string
 Weights of variable mass
 Hook
 Frequency Recorder App such as Audio
Frequency Counter
 Wooden stand

The whole set-up needs the above materials.


THEORY
As from real life observations, pitch or the
amplitude of a string increases when tension is
put on the string. This directly relates that the
vibration/frequency of the string depends on
the length, tension and speed of the
wavelengths created by plucking the string.
Length is inversely proportional to frequency
Hence T,m∝F [T=tension,m=mass of the
weight applied, F=frequency of the string]
L-1∝F [L=length of the string,
F=frequency of the string]

Hence from above one could find out the


frequency of the string with the above
parameters.
PROCEDURE

1)To create the apparatus, take a stand and


place a hook on it to tie a string of a
considerable length, L.

2) Then use a plastic box in front of the stand


to place a triangular (or any shape type)
wedge on it to level up the string.

3) Now tie weights of different magnitude on


the free end of the string to create tension
[gravitational] on the string.

4) Now pluck the string which is hanged over


the plastic box to create a wave.

5) Now use the frequency recorder to record


the frequency generated by plucking the
string.
6) Do these procedure 3 times for each weight
to get the median tension.

7) Record these observations.


OBSERVATIONS

Effect of Tension of weights on the string:

Weight Frequency Frequency Frequency

(g) (1st trail) (2nd trail) (3nd trail)

(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)

200g 187 186.6 186.3

400g 210.4 210.8 210.6

600g 307.3 307.5 307.1

Median: 200g:186.6 400g:210.6 600g:307.3


RESULT

Therefore, the effect of tension and mass on


the pitch of a string is shown through this
experiment.
CONCLUSION

From the experiment, we come to know that


the the frequency or pitch of the string
increases with increase in the mass or tension
produced on the string. Here the the rate of
speed of wave created by the string was a
quadratic function which increased
proportionally too.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Waves/string

2. www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/L
esson-2/The-Wave-Equation

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