22-Sep-17

OPTIMUM LIGHTING DESIGN

Design of artificial lighting (for sunlight hours)

Sky lux intensity

for avg. solar day Verified by lux grid
Daylight intensity
approach
(21st march)

Estimation of
Iteration for desired lux
optimum lighting intensity for
requirement artificial lighting
design

Total estimated light intensity value in

Estimated average daylight intensity values for Daylight contour plot
21st March the test room
Spacing 0.01 0.34 0.67 1 1.33 1.67 2 2.33 2.66 2.99
(m.)
9000 Sky lux 600 0.01 305 319 329 336 340 338 333 325 314 300

8000 Avg. Daylight 0.34 320 336 348 356 359 358 352 343 330 314
500
7000
Skylux intensity (lux)

0.67 333 351 364 373 377 374 368 358 344 326

6000 400
Avg. daylight (lux)

1 341 360 374 384 387 385 379 368 353 334

5000 1.33 345 364 379 388 393 391 383 372 356 337
300
4000 1.67 345 364 378 388 393 391 383 372 356 337

3000 200
2 341 360 374 383 387 385 379 367 353 334

2000
100 2.33 333 351 364 372 377 374 368 358 344 326

1000
2.66 320 336 348 356 359 358 352 342 330 314
0 0
2.99 305 319 329 336 339 338 333 325 314 300
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 6 metal spot light of 18 W each
Time (Hrs.)

Absorbance: Ratio of flux absorbed by the medium to incident

• Daylight- Skylight (ECBC- 5 % Max.) , VLT flux.
• Visible transmittance) is the amount of light in the visible
portion of the spectrum that passes through a glazing Candle power : It is the luminous intensity of a source in given
material. A higher VT means there is more daylight in a direction ( Candelas)
space which, if designed properly, can offset electric
lighting and its associated cooling loads. Visible
transmittance is influenced by the glazing type, the number Daylight Factor: It is the percentage of daylight illumination at an
of panes, and any glass coatings. Visible transmittance of indoor point on a given plane to the simultaneous outdoor
glazing ranges from above 90% for uncoated water-white illumination on a horizontal plane due to whole sky vault ,
clear glass to less than 10% for highly reflective coatings on excluding direct sunlight . (8000 lux )
tinted glass. A typical double-pane glass has a VT of around
78%. This value decreases somewhat by adding a low-E
coating and decreased substantially when adding a tint (see Diffuse reflection : It is the phenomena of reflection in which the
figure to the right). VT values for the whole window are reflected light is diffused such that it is in non image forming state
always less than center-of-glass values since the VT of the .
frame is zero.
Diffuser : Material which can direct luminous flux from a source ,
by process of diffuse transmission

1
 22-Sep-17

Direct glare : Glare resulting from high brightness Diffusion : Flow of light from numerous random directions . It is
measured in terms of absence of sharp shadows.
External reflected component : % ratio of illumination
reaching directly at a given point after reflection from Outdoor design illumination of India is 8000 lux . In interiors 1 %
external surfaces to the design sky illumination is recommended ie 80 lux.

Fenestration : Any opening or arrangement of openings for Day light factor = illuminance reqd / 80
the admissions of daylight
DF = SC+ ERC+ IRC
Filter : It is a device which changes by transmission the
magnitude of flux incident on it DF = Daylight factor
SC = Sky component ( always 0 inside the building)
Illuminance : It is the quotient of flux incident on a surface / ERC = External Reflected component ( is 0 if only opening is on
surface area. Unit is lux ( lumen / m2) single wall )
IRC = Internal reflected component

Generally penetration is greater with taller windows and

spread is better with broader windows.
• Daylighting - Motorized Reflecting Louvers,
However proper distribution of taller windows can
provide a good penetration as well as good spread of sky
windows, Reflectors etc.
component. • Definition of terms:
1. Contrast:- Difference in light and dark appearance of
Suitable sill height above the work plane will enable
two parts of object seen simultaneously.
broader windows to provide a good distribution of light.

More windows on same/adjacent/opposite walls gives 2. Daylight factor:- Ratio of natural illumination on
better distribution of light from a single large window
horizontal plane within the building to that present
simultaneously from an unobstructed sky, neglecting
the direct sunlight.
8000 lux in India (External Illumination)

3. Luminous efficiency:- It is the lamplight O/P in lumens/Watt of 10. Luminous intensity:- Power of a source or
electric power consumption.
illuminated surface to emit light in a given direction.
4. Glare:- Discomfort of vision due to excessive brightness.
11. Luminaire:- The complete apparatus that contains
5. Glare index:- Cal. numerical scale for discomfort vision. the lamp, light emitter and electrical controls.

6. Illuminance:- Luminous flux density at a surface in lumens/sq.m

12. Maintenance factor:- An allowance for reduced light
7. Illumination:- Process of lighting an object. emission due to building of dust. (0.8-0.9)

8.Luxmeter:- 1 lux = 1 lm/m² 13. Utilization factor:- Ratio of luminous flux received
at working place to installed flux.
9. Light loss factor:- Loss of light due to dust
Lamp- 0.8 ; luminaire- 0.91

2
 22-Sep-17

14. Room index = lw/H(l+w) 1. A windowless office is to be illuminated for 15 hrs

Where, per day for 6 days per week for 50 weeks per year.
H = height of light fitting above working plane (m) The floor is 20 m long and 12 m wide. An overall
illumination of 450 lx is to be maintained over whole
area of floor. Light loss factor for installation is 80%.
15. Lumen design method:
The designers have the choice of using 100 W lamp
No. of fittings
whose efficiency is of 12 lm/W and need replacing
= (lux*working plane area)/(LDL*uf*mf) every 300 hrs or 65 W tublar fluorescent
Where, lamps, whose initial O/P of 5400 lm and are expected
LDL = Light design lumens produced by to provide 1200 hrs of service. Room layout requires
each lamp on even number of lamps. Electricity cost is 8
uf = Utilization factor paisa/Kwh. Cost of lamp and fluorescent tube is Rs.
mf = Maintenance factor 15 & Rs. 50 respectively. Compare total cost for both
the systems.

Prob:-
A drawing office (16*11*3)m has white ceiling and light
coloured walls. The working plane is 0.85m above the floor.
Luminaries consumed 140 W of energy and their normal
spacing to height ratio is 1.75. Calulate no. of luminaires
needed and draw layout. Find electric power consumption of
lighting system per unit area. mf = 0.9; LDL = 5100 lm for
whole light fitting. Required illuminance = 600lm/m²; uf =
79%