Quick Drill 2.

B
ABO 90 (tangent  radius)
1. D In △ABO,
∵ OT  OC (radii) AOE  OAB  ABO (ext.  of △)
∴ OTC OCT  52 (base s, isos. △)  28  90
OTA = 90 (tangent  radius)  118
ATC  OTA  OTC ∵ OE  OD (radii)
 90  52 ∴ OED ODE (base s, isos. △)
 38 In △ODE,
OED  ODE  AOE (ext.  of △)
2. A 2 OED  118
AOB  reflex AOB  360 (s at a pt.) OED  59
AOB  230  360
AOB  130 3. B
AOT = BOT (tangent properties) OAP 90 (tangent  radius)
AOT  BOT  AOB 2ABC  AOC ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce)
2AOT  130 1
ABC   82
AOT  65 2
TA  OA (tangent  radius)  41
In △AOT, In △ABP,
OTA  90  AOT (ext.  of △) BPA  BAP  ABP  180 ( sum of △)
 90  65 38  (90  BAO)  41  180
 25 BAO  11

3. D 4. B
CBA  CAD ( in alt. segment) Join BC.
 38
In △ABD,
BAD  ABD  ADB  180 ( sum of △)
(BAC  38)  38  50  180
BAC  54

Exercise
Part I Sectional Exercise ACB AB

BAC

BC
 (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)
1. C
OAT = 90 (tangent  radius) 2
ACB  BAC
OA = OB = 6 cm (radii) 3
In △AOT, ABC  90 ( in semi-circle)
TA2  OA2  OT 2 (Pyth. theorem) In △ABC,
BAC  ACB  ABC  180 ( sum of △)
TA  OT  OA 2 2

2
 (6  4) 2  62 cm BAC  BAC  90  180
3
 8 cm 5
BAC  90
3
BAC  54
ACP  90 (tangent  radius)

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 15 Tangents to Circles

In △ACQ, 7. A
BQC  ACP  BAC (ext.  of △) Join OA.
 90  54
 36

5. C
OAQ = 90 (tangent  radius)
OAB  OAQ  BAQ
 90  64
 26 Let r cm be the radius of the larger circle.
(int. s, OC // AB) ∵ OD  AB (tangent  radius)
COA  OAB  180
∴ AD = BD (line from centre  chord bisects chord)
COA  26  180
1
COA  154 ∴ AD   30 cm
2
Reflex COA  360  COA (s at a pt.)
 15 cm
 360  154 OD  (r  5) cm
 206 In △OAD,
2ABC  reflex COA ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce) OA2  AD2  OD2 (Pyth. theorem)
 206 r 2  152  (r  5) 2
ABC  103 r 2  225  r 2  10r  25
10r  250
6. B
r  25
Join BC.
∴ OD  (25  5) cm  20 cm
1
∴ The radius of the smaller circle   20 cm
2
 10 cm

8. A
Join OC.

Let r cm be the radius of the circle.

ACB  90 ( in semi-circle)
ABD  90 (tangent  radius)
Consider △ACB and △ABD.
ACB ABD  90 (proved)
CAB = BAD (common )
ABC  180  ACB  CAB ( sum of △)
 180  ABD  BAD For I,
 ADB ( sum of △) BAD  BCD  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∴ △ACB ~ △ABD (AAA)
BAD  120  180
AC AB
∴  (corr. sides, ~△s) BAD  60
AB AD
BAE  60  30
6 2r
  90
2r 62
∴ EA is the tangent to the circle at A.
r 2  12 (converse of tangent  radius)
r2 3 ∴ I is true.
For II,
∴ The radius of the circle is 2 3 cm. consider quadrilateral ABCE.
BAE  AEC  BCE  ABC  (4  2) 180
( sum of polygon)
90  84  (120  DCE)  52  360
DCE  14

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 15 Tangents to Circles

∵ OC  OB (radii) ECD  ACE  TCA  180 (adj. s on st. line)

∴ OCB OBC (base s, isos. △) ECD  57  57  180
= 52 ECD  66
OCD  120  52
 68
13. D
OCE  68  14
OPB OPA = 24 (tangent properties)
 82 OBR = 90 (tangent  radius)
 90 In △OBP,
∴ EC is not the tangent to the circle at C. BOP  OBR  OPB (ext.  of △)
∴ II is not true.  90  24
For III,
 66
consider quadrilateral AOCE.
OAE  OCE  90  82 ∵ OC  OB (radii)
∴ OCB  OBC (base s, isos. △)
 172
In △OBC,
 180
OCB  OBC  BOP  180 ( sum of △)
∴ A, O, C and E are not concyclic.
∴ III is not true. 2OBC  66  180
∴ The answer is A. OBC  57
CBP  OBP  OBC
9. B  90  57
CQ  CP  5 cm (tangent properties)  33
AQ  AC  CQ
 (9  5) cm 14. B
 4 cm Let BP  x cm.
AR  AQ  4 cm (tangent properties) BR  BP  x cm (tangent properties)
BR  BP  6 cm (tangent properties) AR  AB  BR
∴ AB  AR  BR  (12  x) cm
 (4  6) cm AQ  AR (tangent properties)
 10 cm  (12  x) cm
CP  BC  BP
10. D  (9  x) cm
EF  EH = 7 cm (tangent properties) CQ  CP (tangent properties)
AF  AE  EF
 (9  x) cm
 (12  7) cm
Consider AC.
 19 cm AQ  CQ  7 cm
BC  BH = 4 cm (tangent properties)
(12  x)  (9  x)  7
AC  AF (tangent properties)
21  2 x  7
AB  BC  19 cm
x7
AB  4 cm  19 cm
∴ BP  7 cm
AB  15 cm

15. D
11. D BAD  BCD  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
OQB OQA 43 (tangent properties)
BAD  126  180
ORB ORC 32 (tangent properties)
In △OQR, BAD  54
QOR  OQB  ORB  180 ( sum of △) ∵ XB  XA (tangent properties)
∴ XBA  XAB (base s, isos. △)
QOR  43  32  180
In △XAB,
QOR  105 XBA  XAB  AXB  180 ( sum of △)
2XAB  66  180
12. D
XAB  57
TAC ACE  57 (alt. s, TB // CE)
∵ TC  TA (tangent properties)
∴ TCA  TAC  57 (base s, isos. △)

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 15 Tangents to Circles

DAY  BAD  XAB  180 (adj. s on st. line) AB  AC (tangent properties)

DAY  54  57  180 = 12 cm
∵ AB  BE (tangent  radius)
DAY  69
∴ AE2  AB2  BE2 (Pyth. theorem)

16. A (12 cm  8 cm) 2  (12 cm) 2  BE2

∵ AB  AE (tangent properties) BE  202  122 cm
∴ ABE AEB (base s, isos. △)  16 cm
In △ABE, OE = BE – OB = (16 – r) cm
ABE  AEB  BAE  180 ( sum of △) ∵ OC  CE (tangent  radius)
2ABE  38  180 ∴ OE2  OC 2  CE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
ABE  71 (16  r ) 2  r 2  82
ABO  90 (tangent  radius)
256  32r  r 2  r 2  64
OBG  ABO  ABE
32r  192
 90  71
r6
 19
∴ The radius of the semi-circle is 6 cm.
In △BOG,
BGD  OBG  BOG (ext.  of △)
19. A
 19  80 ∵ OBP = OBR (tangent properties)
 99 ∴ PBR  2OBR
∵ OAQ = OAR (tangent properties)
17. D ∴ RAQ  2OAR
Let CAP  x. In △ABC,
In △CAP, PBR  RAQ  PCQ  180 ( sum of △)
PCQ  CAP  CPA (ext.  of △) 2OBR  2OAR  52  180
 x  27 2(OBR  OAR)  128
∵ PQ = PC (given)
OBR  OAR  64
∴ PQC  PCQ (base s, isos. △) In △ABO,
 x  27 AOB  OBR  OAR  180 ( sum of △)
∵ AP  AQ (tangent properties)
AOB  64  180
∴ APQ  PQC (base s, isos. △)
AOB  116
 x  27
In △APQ,
20. A
CAP  PQC  APQ  180 ( sum of △)
BAP BCA 40 ( in alt. segment)
x  ( x  27)  ( x  27)  180 In △PAC,
3x  126 PAC  BCA  BPA  180 ( sum of △)
x  42 (BAC  40)  40  34  180
∴ CAP  42 BAC  66

18. A 21. D
Let O be the centre of the semi-circle. PAC  ABC ( in alt. segment)
Refer to the figure below.
PAD  DAC  123
43  DAC  123
12 cm
DAC  80

8 cm

Join OC.
Let r cm be the radius of the semi-circle.

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 15 Tangents to Circles

22. C 24. D
Join AB. ∵ BC  BD (given)
∴ BCD  BDC (base s, isos. △)
BAD  BDC ( in alt. segment)
In △ACD,
CAD  ACD  ADC  180 ( sum of △)
BDC  BDC  (66  BDC)  180
BDC  38
In △BDC,
BDC  BCD  ABD (ext.  of △)
AOB  2ACB ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce) 2BDC  ABD
 2  36 ABD  2  38
 72  76
∵ OA  OB (radii)
∴ OAB  OBA (base s, isos. △) 25. C
In △OAB, APQ PSQ 23 ( in alt. segment)
AOB  OAB  OBA  180 ( sum of △) In △APQ,
AQP  APQ  PAQ  180 ( sum of △)
72  2OBA  180
AQP  23  90  180
OBA  54
CAP  ABC ( in alt. segment) AQP  67
 26  54 PSR  AQP (ext. , cyclic quad.)
 80 QSR  23  67
QSR  44
Alternative Solution
Join OC. 26. A
Join AC.

BAC  90 ( in semi-circle)

∵ OC  OB (radii)
CAD  122  90
∴ OCB  OBC (base s, isos. △)
 32
 26
ABC  CAD ( in alt. segment)
OCA  36  26  10
 32
∵ OA  OC (radii)
In △ABD,
∴ OAC  OCA (base s, isos. △)
ABD  BAD  ADB  180 ( sum of △)
 10
32  122  ADB  180
OAP  90 (tangent  radius)
10  CAP  90 ADB  26
CAP  80

23. D
QAC ABC 85 ( in alt. segment)
In △ARP,
CRB  BPA  QAC (ext.  of △)
CRB  44  85
CRB  41

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 15 Tangents to Circles

27. B In △BCD,
Join BD. BCD  CBD  BDC  180 ( sum of △)
BCD  31  25  180
BCD  124

30. C
For I,
consider △ABC and △ADB.
BAC = DAB (common )
ABC = ADB ( in alt. segment)
ADB BAT 42 ( in alt. segment)

ADB AB
ACB  180  BAC  ABC
 180  DAB  ADB
( sum of △)

  (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)

ADC AC  ABD ( sum of △)
42 3 ∴ △ABC ~ △ADB (AAA)
 ∴ I must be true.
ADC 3  2
For II,
ADC  70
refer to the figure,

28. B
Join BE.

we have proved that ABC = ADB.

∵ BC may not be parallel to ED.
∴ ABC may not equal AED.
∴ ADB may not equal AED.
∴ II may not be true.
ABG  CBG  180 (adj. s on st. line) For III,
consider △CDB and △BDE.
ABG  133  180
CDB = BDE (given)
ABG  47 DCB = DBE ( in alt. segment)
GEB ABG 47 ( in alt. segment)
DBC  180  CDB  DCB ( sum of △)
BEF  GEF  GEB
 180  BDE  DBE
 125  47
 DEB ( sum of △)
 78 ∴ △CDB ~ △BDE (AAA)
BGE  BEF ( in alt. segment) ∴ III must be true.
 78 ∴ The answer is C.

29. A 31. A
Join BD. For I,
in △ABC,
ACB  BAC  ABC  180 ( sum of △)
ACB  40  80  180
ACB  60
CBQ BAC 40 ( in alt. segment)
In △APB,
∵ BA  BP (given)
∴ BAP BPA (base s, isos. △)
BAP  BPA  ABQ (ext.  of △)
ADB PAB 35 ( in alt. segment)
2BAP  80  40
ADC  ABC  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
BAP  60
(BDC  35)  120  180
BDC  25
CBD RDC 31 ( in alt. segment)

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 15 Tangents to Circles

∵ BAP ACB 60 ABC  CAD ( in alt. segment)

∴ PA is the tangent to the circle at A. OBC  46  68
(converse of  in alt. segment) OBC  22
∴ I is true.
For II,
Alternative Solution
in △BCQ,
Let OBC  x .
BCQ  CQB  CBQ  180 ( sum of △)
∵ OC  OB (radii)
BCQ  90  40  180 ∴ OCB  OBC (base s, isos. △)
BCQ  50 x
∵ BCQ BAC In △OBC,
∴ QC is not the tangent to the circle at C. OBC  BOC  OCB  180 ( sum of △)
∴ II is not true. x  BOC  x  180
For III,
BOC  180  2 x
∵ CBQBCQ
CAD  ABC ( in alt. segment)
∴ QB QC
∴ III is not true.  x  46
∵ AC is the angle bisector of BAD.
∴ The answer is A.
∴ CAB  CAD
Part II Miscellaneous Questions  x  46
BOC  2CAB ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce)
32. C 180  2 x  2( x  46)
∵ PA  PD (tangent properties)
180  2 x  2 x  92
∴ PAD  PDA (base s, isos. △)
In △PAD, 4 x  88
PAD  ADP  APD  180 ( sum of △) x  22
∴ OBC  22
2PAD  46  180
PAD  67
ABC  PAC 34. A
( in alt. segment)
Join AC.
 PAD  CAD
 67  28
 95

33. A
Join OA.

BCA PAB 36 ( in alt. segment)

∵ BA  BC (given)
∴ BAC  BCA (base s, isos. △)
 36
∵ OA  OB (radii) ACD  PAC (alt. s, RS // PQ)
∴ OAB  OBA (base s, isos. △)  PAB  BAC
 46  36  36
OAD  90 (tangent  radius)  72
BAD  90  46 BCD  BCA  ACD
 136  36  72
∵ AC is the angle bisector of BAD.  108
1
∴ CAD   136
2
 68

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 15 Tangents to Circles

35. D In △OAP,
Join AB. OAP  OPA  AOP  180 ( sum of △)
68  68  AOP  180
AOP  44
ORP AOP ( in alt. segment)
44
APB  90 ( in semi-circle)
OPR  90  68
 22
In △OPR,
∵ PA  PB (tangent properties)
OPR  ORP  POR  180 ( sum of △)
∴ PAB  PBA (base s, isos. △)
22  44  POR  180
In △PAB,
PAB  PBA  APB  180 ( sum of △) POR  114
RQP  POR  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
2PAB  110  180
RQP  114  180
PAB  35
BCD = PAB ( in alt. segment) RQP  66

∵ BD  BC (given) 38. C
∴ BDC  BCD (base s, isos. △) Join BD.
 35
ADB  BDC  180 (adj. s on st. line)
ADB  35  180 36
ADB  145

36. D
ODC = 90 (tangent  radius)
ADQ  90 ( in semi-circle)
OMC = 90 (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord  chord) In △ADQ,
∵ ODC  OMC  90  90 ADQ  AQD  DAQ  180 ( sum of △)
 180 90  36  DAQ  180
∴ OMCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.) DAQ  54
OMD OCD 40 (s in the same segment) BDP DAB ( in alt. segment)
BMD  OMC  OMD 54
 90  40 ∵ PB  PD (tangent properties)
 50 ∴ PBD  PDB (base s, isos. △)
 54
In △PBD,
37. B
Join OP and OR. PBD  PDB  BPD  180 ( sum of △)
54  54  BPD  180
BPD  72

39. D
Let OCB  x.
∵ OB  OC (radii)
∴ OBC  OCB (base s, isos. △)
68
x
∵ OP  OA (radii) BAT  ACB ( in alt. segment)
∴ OPA  OAP (base s, isos. △)  OCB  ACO
 68  x  13
∵ I is the incentre of △ABT.
∴ BTI  ATI
 20

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 15 Tangents to Circles

∴ ATB  20  20 In quadrilateral ABCT,

 40 TAB  (TBA  TBC)  TCB  CTA  360
In △ABT, ( sum of polygon)
BAT  ATB  ABC (ext.  of △) 2TBA  2TBC  50  360
( x  13)  40  OBA  x TBA  TBC  155
OBA  53 ABC  155

40. C 43. B
Join PQ. Let O be the centre of the circle.
Join OB and OE.
Draw a line from O to a point M on ED such that OM  ED.

ACB  90 ( in semi-circle)

∵ CP  CQ (tangent properties)
∴ CPQ  CQP (base s, isos. △)
In △CPQ,
CPQ  CQP  PCQ  180 ( sum of △)
2 CPQ  90  180 Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
CPQ  45 ∵ OB  AC (tangent  radius)
PDQ  CPQ ( in alt. segment) ∴ OMAB is a rectangle.
 45 EM  AE  AM
 AE  BO
41. A  (10  r ) cm
Join DB. MO  AB
 4 cm
In △OEM,
MO2  EM 2  OE2 (Pyth. theorem)
4  (10  r )  r
2 2 2

16  100  20r  r 2  r 2
20r  116
r  5.8
DBA  a ( in alt. segment) ∴ The radius of the circle is 5.8 cm.
DBC  180  DBA (adj. s on st. line)
 180  a 44. C
Reflex DOC = 360 – x (s at a pt.) OBQ = 90 (tangent  radius)
Reflex DOC  2DBC ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce) PAQ = 90 (tangent  radius)
360  x  2(180  a) OB = OA = 1 cm (radii)
In △OBQ,
 x  2a
BQ2  OQ2  OB2 (Pyth. theorem)
x  2a
BQ  (1  2) 2  12 cm
42. D
 8 cm
∵ TA  TB (tangent properties)
Let BP = x cm.
∴ TAB  TBA (base s, isos. △) PA = BP = x cm (tangent properties)
∵ TA  TC (tangent properties) PQ  BQ  BP
and TA = TB (proved)
∴ TB  TC  ( 8  x) cm
∴ TBC  TCB (base s, isos. △)

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 15 Tangents to Circles

In △PAQ, Area of △ ABD AB

∴ 
PA  AQ  PQ
2 2 2 (Pyth. theorem) Area of △ BCD CB
7
x 2  2 2  ( 8  x) 2 
9
x2  4  x2  2 8x  8 ∴ Area of △ABD : area of △BCD  7 : 9
2 8x  4
1 46. D
x
2 Join OP, OQ and OR.
1
∴ The length of BP is cm .
2

Alternative Solution
OBQ = 90 (tangent  radius)
PAQ = 90 (tangent  radius)
OB = OA = 1 cm (radii)
In △OBQ,
BQ2  OQ2  OB2 (Pyth. theorem)
For I,
BQ  (1  2)  1 cm2 2
PE QE (tangent properties)
 8 cm DR DQ (tangent properties)
BP = PA (tangent properties) ∴ PE  DR  QE  DQ
∵ △OBQ ~ △PAQ (AAA)  ED
BQ OB ∴ I must be true.
∴  (corr. sides, ~△s)
AQ PA For II,
OPE  90 (tangent  radius)
8 cm 1 cm
 OQE  90 (tangent  radius)
2 cm BP ∴ OPE  OQE  90  90
2
BP  cm  180
8 ∴ P, O, Q and E are concyclic. (opp. s supp.)
1 ∴ II must be true.
 cm
2 For III,
POE  QOE (tangent properties)
ROD  QOD (tangent properties)
45. C
Consider △ACD and △DCB. ∴ POR 2EOD 2x
In quadrilateral APOR,
ACD = DCB (common )
PAR  OPA  POR  ORA  360
DAC = BDC ( in alt. segment)
ADC  180  ACD  DAC ( sum of △) ( sum of polygon)
 180  DCB  BDC y  90  2 x  90  360
 DBC ( sum of △) 2 x  y  180
∴ △ACD ~ △DCB (AAA) ∴ III must be true.
AC CD ∴ The answer is D.
∴  (corr. sides, ~△s)
DC CB
AC 4 47. B
 Let O be the centre of the circle.
DC 3 Join OA, OB and OC.
4
AC  DC
3 26
44 
AC   CB  O
33 
16
AB  CB  CB
9
7
AB  CB
9
∴ AB : CB = 7 : 9 ATC  (given)
∵ △ABD and △BCD have the same height.

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 15 Tangents to Circles

OAT  90 (tangent  radius) In △BFC,

ATC  OAT  90  90 ECB  OBA  BFE (ext.  of △)
 180  90  29
∴ CT // OA (int. s supp.)  61
OAC  ACT (alt. s, OA // CT)
 26 3. A
∵ OC  OA (radii) CAB  90 (tangent  radius)
∴ OCA  OAC (base s, isos. △) CAE  BAE  CAB
 26  130  90 
OCB  26  26  40
 52 DCE  CAE ( in alt. segment)
∵ OB  OC (radii)   
 40
∴ OBC  OCB (base s, isos. △)
 52 4. B
In △OCB, Join OA.
OCB  BOC  OBC  180 ( sum of △)
52  BOC  52  180
BOC  76
By the sine formula,
BC OB

sinBOC sinOCB
8 cm OB

sin76 sin52
OB  6.5 cm (cor. to the nearest 0.1 cm)
∴ The radius of the circle is 6.5 cm. OD  OC  CD
 (25  10) cm
 15 cm
Quiz ∵ CD  AB (tangent  radius)
∴ OA2  OD2  AD2 (Pyth. theorem)
1. C
ABD  BED ( in alt. segment) AD  252  152 cm
∵ BD is the angle bisector of ABE.  20 cm
∴ DBE  ABD ∵ BD = AD (line from centre  chord bisects chord)
 BED ∴ AB  2  AD
In △EBA,  2  20 cm
BED  DAB  ABE  180 ( sum of △)  40 cm
BED  39  2BED  180
3BED  141 5. C
BED  47 Join AC.

2. C
OBA  90 (tangent  radius)
In △OBD,
BOD  OBA  ODB (ext.  of △)
 90  32
 58
1
BFE  BOD ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce)
2
1 ∵ PA  PC (tangent properties)
  58
2 ∴ PAC  PCA (base s, isos. △)
 29

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 15 Tangents to Circles

In △PAC, 8. C
PCA  PAC  APC  180 ( sum of △) Let O be the centre of the circle.
Join OE.
2PAC  64  180
PAC  58
BAP 90  (tangent  radius)
BAC  BAP  PAC
 90  58
 32 O
BCQ  BAC ( in alt. segment)
 32

6. B OC  AC  OA
Join AC.
 (24  9) cm
 15 cm
∵ OE  BC (tangent  radius)
∴ OC  OE  CE
2 2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
CE  152  92 cm
 12 cm
Let x cm be the length of AB.
BE  AB (tangent properties)
 x cm
∵ PA  PC (tangent properties) ∵ DA  AB (tangent  radius)
∴ PAC  PCA (base s, isos. △) ∴ BC 2  AC 2  AB2 (Pyth. theorem)
In △PAC, ( x  12) 2  242  x 2
PAC  PCA  APC  180 ( sum of △) x  24x  144  576  x 2
2

2PAC  38  180 x  18

PAC  71 ∴ AB  18 cm
QAC  PAC  180 (adj. s on st. line)
QAC  71  180 9. B
QAC  109 ∵ SP  SR (tangent properties)
ABC  QAC ( in alt. segment) and PSR 60 (given)
∴ △SPR is an equilateral triangle.
 109
∴ SPR SRP 60
RQP  SPR 60° ( in alt. segment)
7. A In △PQR,
∵ CD  CB (tangent properties) QPR  RQP  PRQ  180 ( sum of △)
∴ CDB  CBD (base s, isos. △)
QPR  60  48  180
   34°
(opp. s, cyclic quad.) QPR  72
BDF  BHF  180
BDF  100  180 ∴
  
PQ : QR : RP
BDF  80  PRQ : QPR : RQP (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)
EDF  BDF  CDB  180 (adj. s on st. line)  48 : 72 : 60
EDF  80  34  180  4:6:5
EDF  66
∵ EF  ED (tangent properties)
∴ EFD  EDF 66° (base s, isos. △)
In △EDF,
DEF  EDF  EFD  180 ( sum of △)
DEF  66  66  180
DEF  48

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 15 Tangents to Circles

10. C CAD  BAC  BAE  180 (adj. s on st. line)

BAC  90° ( in semi-circle) CAD  114  24  180
CAQ  ABC ( in alt. segment)
CAD  42
In △ABQ,
ABC  BAQ  AQB  180 ( sum of △)
13. C
ABC  (90  CAQ)  22  180
∵ I is the incentre of △ABD.
2ABC  68 ∴ IDB  IDA
ABC  34  16
In △ABR, DAB  ACD ( in alt. segment)
RAB  ARB  ABC (ext.  of △) In △ACD,
RAB  20  34 ACD  ADC  CAD  180 ( sum of △)
RAB  14 ACD  (16  16)  (72  DAB)  180
2 ACD  76
11. C ACD  38
ABD QAD ( in alt. segment) In △ABC,
32° (ext.  of △)
CAB  ACB  ABD
BAD  90° ( in semi-circle)
CBA  QAB  180 (int. s, BC // PQ) ABD  72  38
(CBD  32)  (90  32)  180  110
CBD  26 14. A
CAD  CBD (s in the same segment) Join CP.
 26

12. B
Join BC.

BCP  CQP ( in alt. segment)

 52
2PAC  BCP ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce)
1
PAC   52
2
 26
BOC  reflexBOC  360 (s at a pt.)
BOC  228  360 15. A
BOC  132 Join BD.
∵ OC  OB (radii)
∴ OCB  OBC (base s, isos. △)
In △OBC,
OCB  OBC  BOC  180 ( sum of △)
2 OBC  132  180
OBC  24
ACB  OBC (alt. s, AC // BO)
 24 ∵ DP  BP (tangent properties)
BAE  ACB ( in alt. segment) ∴ PDB  PBD (base s, isos. △)
 24 In △BPD,
2BAC  ReflexBOC ( at centre twice  at ⊙ce) PBD  PDB  BPD  180 ( sum of △)
1 PBD  PBD  86  180
BAC   228
2 PBD  47
 114 BAD  PBD ( in alt. segment)
 47

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 15 Tangents to Circles

In △ABQ, AE AB
∴  (corr. sides, ~△s)
BAQ  ABQ  AQB  180 ( sum of △) AC AE
47  ABQ  35  180 10 cm 8 cm

ABQ  98 8 cm  BC 10 cm
ABQ  ADC  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) 32 cm  4 BC  50 cm
98  ADC  180 BC  4.5 cm
ADC  82
18. D
Join OC.
16. B
Let O be the centre of the circle.
Join OB.

Let OAB  x.
In △OBA,
OBA  BOA  OAB  180 ( sum of △)
∵ OB  RQ (tangent  radius) OBA  90  x  180
∴ RBO = 90
OBA  90  x
= RQP
CBD  OBA (vert. opp. s)
∴ OB // PQ (corr. s equal)
Consider △ROB and △RPQ.  90  x
ROB = RPQ (corr. s, OB // PQ) ∵ CD = CB (given)
BRO = QRP (common ) ∴ CDB  CBD ( base s, isos. △)
RBO = RQP (proved)  90  x
∴ △ROB ~ △RPQ (AAA) ∵ OC = OA (radii)
OB RB ∴ OCA  OAB (base s, isos. △)
∴  (corr. sides, ~△s)
PQ RQ x
r cm (8  r ) cm OCD  90 (tangent  radius)

6 cm 8 cm BCD  OCD  OCA
8r  48  6r  90  x
14r  48 In △CBD, CDB  CBD  BCD  90  x .
24 ∴ △CBD is an equilateral triangle.
r ∴ 90  x  60
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24 x  30
∴ The radius of the circle is cm . ∴ OAB  30
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17. A 19. B
QAB  AEB ( in alt. segment) Let CBD  x and ABD  y.
QAB  ACE (alt. s, PQ // EC) ∵ CD  CB (given)
∴ AEB  ACE ∴ CDB CBD = x (base s, isos. △)
Consider △ABE and △AEC. DAS ABD = y ( in alt. segment)
AEB  ACE (proved) In △DSA,
EAB  CAE (common ) ADB  DAS  DSA (ext.  of △)
ABE  180  AEB  EAB ( sum of △)  y  30
 180  ACE  CAE ABC  ADC  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
 AEC ( sum of △)
( x  y )  ( x  y  30)  180
∴ △ABE ~ △AEC (AAA)
2( x  y )  150
x  y  75
∴ CBA  75

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 15 Tangents to Circles

20. D
For I,
∵ EAD  ACD ( in alt. segment)
and AED  EAD (given)
∴ AED  ACD
∴ AE = AC (sides opp. equal s)
∴ △AEC is an isosceles triangle.
∴ I must be true.
For II,
∵ BAC = BDC (s in the same segment)
and BDC = ACD (given)
∴ BAC = ACD
∴ AB // EC (alt. s equal)
BCA  FAB ( in alt. segment)
= AED (corr. s, AB // EC)
BAC  ACD (proved)
= AED (proved)
∴ BCA = BAC
∴ BC = BA (sides opp. equal s)
∴ △ABC is an isosceles triangle.
∴ II must be true.
For III,
∵ AEC = ACD (proved)
and ACD = BDC (given)
∴ AEC = BDC
∴ AE // BD (corr. s equal)
Also, AB // ED (proved)
∴ ABDE is a parallelogram.
∴ III must be true.
∴ The answer is D.

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