PYQ: ALTERNATING CURRENT 2.

The reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C connected to an ac source

of frequency  is X. If capacitance of the capacitor is doubled and the
AC : INTRODUCTION
frequency of the source is tripled, the reactance will become: (A) X/6 (B)
1. A voltage signal is described as V = V0 for 0< t<T/2 and V =0 for T/2< t<T 6X (C) 2X/3 (D) 3X/2 [2024]
for a cycle. Its rms is (a) V0/2 (b) V0 (c) V0/2 (d) V02 [2023] 3. What is the ratio of inductive and capacitive reactance in an ac circuit. (a)
2. The figure shows variation of current (I) with time (t) in four devices P, Q, 2LC (b) LC2 (c) LC/2 (d) 2L [2023]
R and S. The device in which an alternating current flows is : 4. A sinusoidal voltage is applied to an electric circuit containing a circuit
element ‘X’ in which the current leads the voltage by /2. (a) Identify the
circuit element (b) Write the formula for its reactance. (c) Show
CIRCUIT HAVING ONLY ‘L’ graphically the variation of this reactance with frequency of ac voltage.
1. An inductor of resistance 5 W and self-inductance 25 mH is connected (d) Explain the behaviour of this element when it is used in (i) an ac
across an ac source of angular frequency 200 rad /s. The phase angle circuit, and (ii) a dc circuit [2024]
between the voltage and the current is : (A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 5. An ac voltage v = vm sin wt (vm = 310 V and f = 50 Hz) is connected to a
90°[2024] pure capacitor of capacitance 15 F. Calculate (i) the reactance of the
2. An ideal conductor is connected across an AC source of voltage. The capacitor, and (ii) the amplitude of the current. Write the expression of
current in the circuit (a) is ahead of the voltage in phase by  (b) lags current through the capacitor as a function of time. [2023]
voltage in phase by  (c) is ahead of the voltage in phase by /2 (d) lags 6. An ac source v = vm sinwt is connected across an ideal capacitor. Derive
voltage in phase by /2 [2023] the expression for the (i) current flowing in the circuit, and (ii) reactance
3. When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit? Give reason for it. of the capacitor. Plot a graph of current i versus wt. [2023]
[2024] 7. Explain how a capacitor blocks a direct current.[2023]
4. Explain how an inductor opposes an alternating current. 8. An ac source of emf V = V0 sin t is connected to a capacitor of
5. An ideal inductor of 5/ H inductance is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac capacitance C. Deduce the expression for the current (I) flowing in it. Plot
supply. (a) Calculate the rms and peak value of current in the inductor. (b) the graph of (i) V vs. t, and (ii) I vs. t [2020]
What is the phase difference between current through the inductor and 9. The figure shows the graphical variation of the reactance of a capacitor
the applied voltage? How will it change if a small resistance is connected with frequency of ac source.
in series with this inductor in the circuit? (a) Find the capacitance of the capacitor. (b) An ideal inductor has the
6. When an inductor is connected to a 200 V dc voltage, a current of 1A same reactance at 100 Hz frequency as the capacitor has at the same
flows through it. When the same inductor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz frequency. Find the value of inductance of the inductor. (c) Draw the
ac source, only 0.5 A current flows. Explain, why ? Also, calculate the self graph showing the variation of the reactance of this inductor with
inductance of the inductor. [2019] frequency. [2020]

CIRCUIT HAVING ONLY ‘C’

1. A capacitor of 5 mF is connected to an ac source of 200 V, 1000 / Hz

through a resistor of 100 W. The phase difference between the voltage
(V) applied and current (I) is : (A) 120° (B) 90° (C) 60° (D) 45°[2024]
CIRCUIT HAVING L AND R: (b) phase difference between the applied voltage and current. Which of
them is ahead?[2020]
1. A resistor and an ideal inductor are connected in series to a 100 2 V, 50
9. The variation of inductive reactance (XL ) of an inductor with the
Hz ac source. When a voltmeter is connected across the resistor or the
frequency (f) of the ac source of 100 V and variable frequency is shown in
inductor, it shows the same reading. The reading of the voltmeter is : (A)
the fig.
100 2 V (B) 100 V (C) 50 2 V (D) 50 V [2024]
2. An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and 11 A current. If
the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz ac source with a coil in series, then
find the inductance of the coil. [2024]
3. A long solenoid of radius r consists of n turns per unit length. A current I =
I0 sin t flows in the solenoid. A coil of N turns is wound tightly around it
near its centre. What is : (a) the induced emf in the coil ? (b) the mutual
inductance between the solenoid and the coil ? [2023]
(i) Calculate the self-inductance of the inductor. (ii) When this
4. A series LR circuit with R = 200  and L = (100/) mH is connected across
inductor is used in series with a capacitor of unknown value and a
an ac source of peak voltage V0 = 141 V and frequency 50 Hz. Calculate (a)
resistor of 10  at 300 s–1, maximum power dissipation occurs in
Impedance of the circuit (b) Phase angle (c) Voltage across the inductor
the circuit. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.
[2023]
10. An ac circuit has an inductor of inductance L and a resistor of resistance R
5. An alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X. A current of
connected in series. Using the phasor diagram, explain why the voltage in
0.22A flows in the circuit and it lags behind the applied voltage in phase
the circuit will lead the current in phase. (b) The potential difference
by /2. When the same voltage is applied across another device Y the
across the resistor is 160 V and that across the inductor is 120 V. Find the
current is in same phase with applied voltage. (i) Name the device X and Y
effective value of the applied voltage. If the effective current in the circuit
(i) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is
be 1·0 A, calculate the total impedance of the circuit. (c) What will be the
applied across the series combination of X and Y [2023]
potential difference in the circuit when direct current is passed through
6. A current of 1 A flows through a coil when it is connected across a DC
the circuit?
battery of 100 V. If DC battery is replaced by an AC source of 100V and
11. A light bulb and a solenoid are connected in series across an ac source of
angular frequency 100 rad s-1, the current reduces to 0.5 A. Find (i)
voltage. Explain, how the glow of the light bulb will be affected when an
impedance of the circuit. (ii) Self – inductance of the coil (iii) phase
iron rod is inserted in the solenoid.
difference between the voltage and the current. [2023]
7. An alternating current I = 14 sin (100 t ) A passes through a series CR CIRCUIT:
combination of resistor of 30 and an inductor of (2/5) H .Calculate the
1. An ac voltage v = v0 sin t is applied to a series combination of a resistor R
and an element X. The instantaneous current in the circuit is I = I0 sin (t +
(i) rms value of voltage drops across the resistor and the inductor and
/4 ). Then which of the following is correct? (a) X is a capacitor and XC =
(iI) Power factor of the circuit [2023]
2 R (b) X is an inductor and XL = R (c) X is an inductor and XL = 2 R (d) X is
8. A resistor R and an inductor L are connected in series to a source V = V0
a capacitor and XC = R
sin t. Find the (a) peak value of the voltage drops across R and across L,
2. The given figure shows a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in series
to an ac source. V1 and V2 are voltmeters and A is an ammeter. Which of
 the following statements is correct? (a) Current in the circuit lags in phase value of current, if rms value of voltage is 141 V. (c) what will happen if
with voltage shown in V2 . (b) The voltage shown in V1 is ahead in phase the ac source is replaced by a dc source ? [2019]
with voltage shown in V2. (c) The current in the circuit and the voltage 8. A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source V = V0 sin t. The variation of
shown in V1 are always in phase. (d) The voltage shown in V1 lags behind voltage, current and power in one cycle is shown in the following graph :
in phase with the voltage shown in V2 . (a) Identify the device ‘X’. (b) Which of the curves A, B and C represent
the voltage, current and the power consumed in the circuit? Justify your
answer. (c) How does its impedance vary with frequency of the ac
source? Show graphically. (d) Obtain an expression for the current in the
circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage. [2017]

3. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac source v = vm

sin t. Derive an expression for the impedance of the circuit. [2024]
4. A series CR circuit with R = 200  and C = (50/) F is connected across an
ac source of peak voltage V0 = 100 V and frequency 50 Hz. Calculate (a)
Impedance of the circuit (b) Phase angle (c) Voltage across the resistor
LCR CIRCUITS
[2023]
5. A resistor of 30 and a capacitor of 250 F are connected in series to a 1. An ideal resistor R, an ideal inductor L and an ideal capacitor C are
200 V, 50 Hz ac source. Calculate (i) the current in the circuit, and (ii) connected, one by one, across the same source of ac voltage v = v0 sin wt.
voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor. (iii) Is the algebraic It is observed that the same current I flows in each case. (a) What will be
sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, solve the the instantaneous value of current that will flow through their series
paradox. [2023] combination when connected across the same source? (b) How will the
6. A capacitor C, a variable resistor R and a bulb connected in series to the current in each case be affected if the frequency of the source is
ac source of frequency (v). The bulb glows with some brightness. How will increased? Justify your answers [2024]
the glow of the bulb be affected, if the (a) separation between the plates 2. (i) You are given 3 circuit elements X, Y and Z. They are connected one
of the capacitor is doubled, keeping resistance R and frequency (v) the by one across a given ac source. It is found that V and I are in same
same? (b) Resistance R is decreased keeping the value of capacitance C phase for element X. V leads I by (/4) for element Y while I leads V
and frequency (v) same? (c) Frequency of ac source is decreased for the by (/4) for element Z. Identify X, Y and Z. [2024]
same value of C and R? Justify your answer in each case. [2023] (ii) Establish the expression for impedance of circuit when element X, Y
7. An ac circuit consists of a series combination of circuit elements X and Y. and Z are connected in series to an ac source. Show the variation of
The current is ahead of the voltage in phase by /4 . If element X is a pure current in the circuit with the frequency of the applied ac source.
resistor of 100 , (a) name the circuit element Y. (b) calculate the rms [2024]
 (iii) In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i) 2. The selectivity of a series LCR a.c. circuit is large, when (a) L is large and R
impedance is minimum and (ii) wattles current flows in the circuit. is large (b) L is small and R is small (c) L is large and R is small (d) L = R
[2024] [2020]
3. In a series LC circuit connected to an ac source, with the increase in the 3. A resistance of 20 W, a capacitance of 80 mF and an inductor of 50 mH
frequency of the source, the net reactance : (a) increases linearly (b) are connected in series. This combination is connected across a 220 V ac
decreases linearly (c) first increases to become maximum and then supply of variable frequency. When the frequency of supply equals the
decreases to zero (d) first decreases to become zero and then increases natural frequency of the circuit, calculate : (1) angular frequency of supply
[2023] (2) impedance of the circuit [2024]
4. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series across an 4. Mention the factors on which the resonant frequency of a series LCR
ac source of voltage. If the frequency of the source is decreased circuit depends. Plot a graph showing variation of impedance of a series
gradually, the reactance of: (a) both the inductor and the capacitor LCR circuit with the frequency of the applied ac source. [2024]
decreases. (b) Inductor decreases and the capacitor increases. (c) Both 5. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 , L = 2 H and C = 5F is connected to a
the inductor and the capacitor increases. (d) Inductor increases and the 200 volts ac source of variable frequency. What is (i) the amplitude of the
capacitor decreases. [2023] current, and (ii) the average power transferred to the circuit in one
5. Which of the following statements about a series LCR circuit connected to complete cycle, at resonance? (iii) Calculate the potential drop across the
an AC source is correct (a) If the frequency of the source is increased, he capacitor. [2023]
impedance of the circuit first decreases and then increases (b) If the net 6. What is the value of (i) impedance (ii) power factor (iii) Phase difference
reactance XL – XC of circuit becomes equal to its resistance, then current between voltage and current of a resonant series LCR circuit? [2020]
leads the voltage by 450 (c) At resonance, the voltage drop across inductor 7. A series combination of an inductor (L), capacitor (C) and a resistor (R) is
is more than that across the capacitor (d) At resonance, the voltage drop connected across an ac source of emf of peak value E0 and angular
across capacitor is more than that across the inductor [2023] frequency (). Plot a graph to show variation of impedance of the circuit
6. State difference between resistance, reactance and impedance. With the with angular frequency (). [2020]
help of a suitable phasor diagram, obtain an expression for impedance of 8. A 2 F capacitor, 100  resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in
a series LCR circuit, connected to a source v = vm sinwt. [2023] series with an AC source, what should be the frequency of the
7. A device X is connected across an ac source of voltage V = V0 sin t. The source such that current drawn in the circuit is maximum? What is
current through X is given as I = I0 sin (t  / 2) . (a) Identify the device X this frequency called? If the peak value of e.m.f. of the source is
and write the expression for its reactance. (b) Draw graphs showing 200 V, find the maximum current. Draw a graph showing variation
variation of voltage and current with time over one cycle of ac, for X. (c) of amplitude of circuit current with changing frequency of applied
voltage in a series LRC circuit for two different values of resistance
How does the reactance of the device X vary with frequency of the ac ?
R1 and R2 (R1 > R2).
Show this variation graphically. (d) Draw the phasor diagram for the
device X [2018] 9. An LCR series circuit is connected to an ac source. If the angular resonant
frequency of the circuit Is 0, will the current lead or lag behind or be in
LCR RESONANCE CIRCUIT: same phase with the voltage when <0 and why? [2021]
1. In a series LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to C/4. For the POWER IN AC CIRCUITS
resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the inductance should be
changed from L to nL, where n is : (a) 1/2 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) ¼ [2023]
 1. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series with an ac 1. A bulb is rated (100 W, 110 V). It is operated by current of 1.0 A supplied
source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the average power dissipated by a step down transformer. If the input voltage and efficiency of the
in the circuit. Also obtain the expression for the resonant frequency of transformer are 220 V and 0.9 respectively, the input current drawn from
the circuit. [2024] the mains is : [2024]
2. No power is consumed in an ac circuit containing (i) a pure inductor (ii) a (A) 1/2 A (B) 3/ 8 A (C) 5/ 9 A (D) 4/ 7 A
capacitor. [2020] 2. (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and describe its
3. A resistor R and an inductor L are connected in series to a source of working principle. Explain any three causes for energy losses in a real
voltage V = Vo sin t. The voltage is found to lead current in phase by /4. transformer. [2024]
If the inductor is replaced by a capacitor C, the voltage lags behind (ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage. Does it
current in phase by /4. When L, C and R are connected in series with the violate the principle of conservation of energy? Explain. [2024]
same source, Find the : (i) average power dissipated and (ii) (iii) A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its primary and
instantaneous current in the circuit. [2020] secondary coils respectively. The input voltage given to the primary coil is
4. Given three elements X, Y and Z to be connected across an ac source. 90 V. Calculate: (1) The output voltage across the secondary coil (2) The
With only X connected across the ac source, voltage and current are current in the primary coil if the current in the secondary coil is 2·0 A.
found to be in the same phase. With only element Y in the circuit, the [2024]
voltage lags behind the the current in phase by /2 , while with the 3. The primary and the secondary coils of an ideal step-down transformer
element Z in the circuit, the voltage leads the current in phase by /2 . (a) consist of 650 and 25 turns respectively. When the primary coil of this
Identify the elements X, Y and Z. (b) When all these elements are transformer is connected to 240 V mains, the current in the primary coil is
connected in series across the same source, (i) determine the power 1 5 A. Calculate : (a) the voltage across the secondary coil (b) the current
factor, and (ii) find out the condition when the circuit is in resonant state. in the secondary coil (c) the average power delivered to the output circuit
[2019] [2023]
5. Define the following terms : (i) Power factor (ii) Wattless current [2019] 4. Give reasons to explain the following: (i) Thick copper wire is used in
windings (ii) laminated core of soft iron is used.
6. The power factor of an a.c. circuit is 0.5. What is the phase
5. A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is
difference between voltage and current in the circuit?
situated 20 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V.
7. A capacitor of unknown capacitance, a resistor of 100  and an
The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is 0.5  per km. The
inductor of self-inductance L=(4/2) henry are connected in series to an
town gets the power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down
ac source of 200V and 50 Hz. Calculate the value of the capacitance
transformer at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line power loss in
and impedance of the circuit when the current is in phase with the
the form of heat. [2019]
voltage. Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit. [2016]
6. Given the input current 15 A and the input voltage of 100 V for a step-up
8. In a series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P1.
transformer having 90% efficiency, find the output power and the voltage
When capacitor with capacitance C such that XL = XC is put in series, in the secondary if the output current is 3 A [2017]
the power factor becomes P2. Calculate P1/P2. 7.

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