To ensure that the Diploma level Technical Education constantly matches the latest requirements

of technology and industry and includes the all-round personal development of students

including social concerns and to become globally competitive, technology led organization.

To provide high quality technical and managerial manpower, information and consultancy

services to the industry and community to enable the industry and community to face the

changing technological and environmental challenges.

QUALITY POLICY

We, at MSBTE are committed to offer the best in class academic services to the students

and institutes to enhance the delight of industry and society. This will be achieved through

continual improvement in management practices adopted in the process of curriculum design,

development, implementation, evaluation and monitoring system along with adequate faculty

development programmes.

CORE VALUES

MSBTE believes in the followings:

e Education industry produces live products.

e Market requirements do not wait for curriculum changes.

¢ Question paper is the reflector of academic standards of educational organization.

¢ Well designed curriculum needs effective implementation too.

¢ Competency based curriculum is the backbone of need based program.

¢ Technical skills do need support of life skills.

e Best teachers are the national assets.

e Effective teaching learning process is impossible without learning resources.

 A Laboratory Manual

for

Operating System
(22516)
Semester-V

(CO/CW/CM/IF)

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO:9001:2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
(Autonomous) (ISO:9001: 2015 ) (ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013)
Ath Floor, Government Polytechnic Building, 49, Knerwadi,
Bandra ( East ), Mumbai - 400051.
(Printed on May,2019)
 Board of Technical Education

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. / MS .............c
cece cence eee ee ee enene eens
1X0)| \ (0 ee Of 1.2... eee. Fourth Semester of
Diploma 10 2.0... cece cece eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eee e eae
Of Institute... cece cee eee eee e ene e eee eeneetneeeeeeenaeees
(Code..............00
cee ) has attained pre-defined practical
outcomes(PROs) satisfactorily in course Operating System
(22516) for the academic year 20....... to 20........ as prescribed in
the curriculum.

Place ............00ceeee Enrollment No................000eeees

Date? 0. eeeeeeeeeeeeeees Exam Seat No. ..............eee eeeeees

Course Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of the
Institute
Operating System (22516)

Preface
The primary focus of any engineering laboratory/field work in the technical education system
is to develop the much needed industry relevant competencies and skills. With this in view,
MSBTE embarked on this innovative ‘I’ Scheme curricula for engineering Diploma
programmes with outcome-based education as the focus and accordingly, relatively large
amount of time is allotted for the practical work. This displays the great importance of
laboratory work making each teacher, instructor and student to realize that every minute of
the laboratory time need to be effectively utilized to develop these outcomes, rather than
doing other mundane activities. Therefore, for the successful implementation of this
outcome-based curriculum, every practical has been designed to serve as a ‘vehicle’ to
develop this industry identified competency in every student. The practical skills are difficult
to develop through ‘chalk and duster’ activity in the classroom situation. Accordingly, the ‘I’
scheme laboratory manual development team designed the practical’s to focus on outcomes,
rather than the traditional age old practice of conducting practical’s to ‘verify the theory’
(which may become a byproduct along the way).

This laboratory manual is designed to help all stakeholders, especially the students, teachers
and instructors to develop in the student the pre-determined outcomes. It is expected from
each student that at least a day in advance, they have to thoroughly read the concerned
practical procedure that they will do the next day and understand minimum theoretical
background associated with the practical. Every practical in this manual begins by identifying
the competency, industry relevant skills, course outcomes and practical outcomes which
serve as a key focal point for doing the practical. Students will then become aware about the
skills they will achieve through procedure shown there and necessary precautions to be taken,
which will help them to apply in solving real-world problems in their professional life.

This manual also provides guidelines to teachers and instructors to effectively facilitate
student-centered lab activities through each practical exercise by arranging and managing
necessary resources in order that the students follow the procedures and precautions
systematically ensuring the achievement of outcomes in the students.

Operating systems are an essential part of any computer system. Similarly, a course on
operating systems is an essential part of any computer group. We hope that students will also
find it useful. It provides a clear description of practical performance, execution and working
of Operating System.

Although all care has been taken to check for mistakes in this laboratory manual, yet it is
impossible to claim perfection especially as this is the first edition. Any such errors and
suggestions for improvement can be brought to our notice and are highly welcome.

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Operating System (22516)

Programme Outcomes (POs) to be achieved through Practicals of this

Course:

Following programme outcomes are expected to be achieved significantly out of the ten
programme outcomes and Computer Engineering and Information Technology programme
specific outcomes through the practicals of the course on Operating System.

PO 1. Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, science and basic

engineering to solve the problems related to application of computers and communication
services in storing, manipulating and transmitting data, often in the context of a business or
other enterprise.

PO 2. Discipline knowledge: Apply Information Technology knowledge to solve broad-

based Information Technology related problems.

PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments, practices and to use the
results to solve Information Technology related problems.

PO 4. Engineering tools: Apply appropriate Information Technology related techniques/

tools with an understanding of the limitations.

PO 5. The engineer and society: Assess societal, health, safety and legal issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to practice in the field of Information technology.

PO 6. Environment and sustainability: Apply Information Technology related engineering

solutions for sustainable development practices in environmental contexts.

PO 7. Ethics: Apply ethical principles for commitment to professional ethics, responsibilities

and norms of practice in the field of Information Technology.

PO 8. Individual and team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in
diverse/ multidisciplinary teams.

PO 9.Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

PO 10. Life-long learning: Engage in independent and life-long learning along with the
technological changes in the IT and allied industry.

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Operating System (22516)

Practical - Course Outcome Matrix

a. Install Linux operating system and configure it.
b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
d. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.
e. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.
f. Apply file management techniques.
S. . . CoO | CO | CO | CO | CO | CO
No. Title of the Practical a. b. c. d. e. f.

1 Install and configure Linux (or alike) V - - - - _

operating system.
2 Execute general purpose commands date, y 7 _ _ _ _
time, cal, clear, banner, tty, script, man.
Work with multiple linux terminals and basic
3 | commands: who, who am i, login, passwd, su, - V - - - -
pwd.
a) Use Operating services (Editor, GUI, File
4 handling.) _ V 7 7 _ _
b) Run commands to start, stop, and restart
the specified service in Linux.
5 | Execute process commands- ps, wait, sleep, y
exit, kill.
Execute file and directory manipulation
6 commands — Is, rm, mv,cp, join, split, cat (file 7 7 _ _ _
saving and redirection operator), head, tail, J
touch,
Execute file and directory manipulation
7 commands — diff, comm.,pr, chmod, mkdir,
rmdir, cd, pwd, dir, cmp. (Use wild card y
character).
Execute text processing tr, wc, cut, paste, spell,
sort, grep, more. - - - - - y

9 | Use vi editor and perform all editor commands. - - - - - V

Write and execute Shell Script by using
10 | following Control statements features- “if” - - - - - \
statement
Write and execute Shell Script by using
11 | following Control statements features- “for” - - - - - J
statement, exit, break, continue
12 Write Shell script to find out whether - Given V
file exists?
13 Write Shell script to find out whether - V
File has read, write, and execute permissions?
Write a program to calculate total waiting and
14 | turnaround time of n processes with First Come - - -| Vv - -
First Serve CPU scheduling algorithm.
Write a ‘C’ program to implement FIFO page -
15 ; V
replacement Algorithm.

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Operating System (22516)

List of Industry Relevant Skills

The following industry relevant skills of the competency “Manage operations of Operating
System” are expected to be developed in you by performing practicals of this laboratory
manual.
1. Executes basic commands to work with Operating System like UNIX.
2. Execute Shell Scripts.
3. Execute program on Process Scheduling.
4. Execute programs on Page Replacement

Brief Guidelines to Teachers

Hints regarding strategies to be used:

Teacher shall explain prior concepts to the students before starting each experiment.
For practical’s requiring tools to be used, teacher should provide the demonstration of the
practical emphasizing the skills, which the student should achieve.
Involve students in the activities during the conduct of each experiment.
Teachers should give opportunity to students for hands-on after the demonstration.
Assess the skill achievement of the students and COs of each unit.
a

Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the students.
Teacher should ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the
students after the completion of the practical exercise.
Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though that
may not be covered in the manual but are expected from the students by the industries.
Teacher may suggest the students to refer additional related literature of the reference
books/websites/seminar proceedings etc.
10. During assessment teacher is expected to ask questions to the students to tap their
knowledge and skill related to that practical.

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Instructions for Students

Student shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and
practical applications.
1. Students shall listen carefully the lecture given by teacher about importance of
subject, learning structure, course outcomes.
Students shall organize the work in the group of two or three members and make a
record of all observations.
Students shall understand the purpose of experiment and its practical
implementation.
Students shall write the answers of the questions during practical.
Student should feel free to discuss any difficulty faced during the conduct of
practical.
Students shall develop knowledge of Operating System fundamental and
manipulation skills as expected by the industries.
Student shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence.
Students shall refer technical magazines; websites related to the scope of the subjects
and update their knowledge and skills.
Students shall develop self-learning techniques.
10. Students should develop habit to submit the write-ups on the scheduled dates and
time.

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 Operating System (22516)

Content Page
List of Practicals and Progressive Assessment Sheet

Date of | Date of Dated

Sr Title of the practical page perfor | submiss Assessmen t sign. of Remarks
° ° | mance ion marks(50) teacher (if any)
7 Install and configure Linux (or alike) 01
operating system.
> | Execute general purpose commands date, 05
time, cal, clear, banner, tty, script, man.
Work with multiple linux terminals and
3. | basic commands: who, who am i, login, 10
passwd, su, pwd.
a) Use Operating services(Editor, GUI, File
4. handling.) 14
b) Run commands to start, stop, and restart
the specified service in Linux.
5. Execute process commands- ps, wait, sleep, 19
exit, kill.
Execute file and directory manipulation
6. commands — Is, rm, mv,cp, join, split, cat (file 4
saving and redirection operator), head,
tail,touch,
Execute file and directory manipulation
7 commands — diff, comm.,pr, chmod, mkdir, 33
rmdir, cd, pwd, dir, cmp. (Use wild card
character).
8 Execute text processing tr, we, cut, paste, 44
spell, sort, grep, more.
g_ | Use vi editor and perform all editor 53
commands.
Write and execute Shell Script by using
10.) following Control statements features- “if” 63
statement
Write and execute Shell Script by using
11.} following Control statements features- “for” 69
statement, exit, break, continue
12. Write Shell script to find out whether - Given 6
file exists?
13,| Write Shell script to find out whether -File has 8]
read, write, and execute permissions?
Write a program to calculate total waiting and
14.) turnaround time of n processes with First 86
Come First Serve CPU scheduling algorithm.
15. Write a ‘C’ program to implement FIFO page 92
replacement Algorithm.
Total Marks
e To be transferred to Proforma of CIAAN-2017.

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Practical No. 1: Install and configure Linux (or alike) operating system.

I. Practical Significance:
Linux is the base of many of open source operating systems designed to replace
Windows and Mac OS. It is free to download and install on any computer. Because it
is open source, there are a variety of different versions, or distributions, available
developed by different groups. To prevent hacking attempts, many organizations keep
their Linux operating systems private. Many others make their variations of Linux
available publicly so the whole world can benefit at large.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
Able to install operating system and configure it.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Install operating system and configure it.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Install and configure Linux (or alike) operating system.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow installation steps.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Step 1: Download the ISO file.
Step 2: Boot your system with Bootable DVD / USB drive.
To start the installation click on “Install Ubuntu”
Step 3: Check Install Prerequisite
Step 4: Select the Installation Type
Step 5: Select your respective Time Zone
Step 6: Select your respective Keyboard Layout
Step 7: Set the Hostname of your system and User credentials that will be used after
installation.

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Operating System (22516)

Installation has started. Once the installation is completed, it will ask to restart
the Machine. Click on “Restart Now”
Step 8: Login Screen after reboot.
Use the same user and its credentials that we have set during the installation.
We will get below screen after entering the credentials.
Ubuntu Installation is Completed Now.
Similarly any open source installation shall be considered.

VIII. Resources required (Additional)-Nil

Sr Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity | Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any batch Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional)

Cr Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Install and configure Linux (or similar) operating system on your computer. Write
down the steps for same.

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XI. Result (Output of installation):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. What are different versions of Linux operating system?
2. Enlist the steps for booting the operating system.
3. State names of latest multiuser operating system and its advantages.

(Space for answer)

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XII. Exercise:
1. Differentiate between command line OS and GUI OS by giving example.
Draw the diagram of multiprogramming system and state concept of it.
PAWN Which are the extra facilities provided by Unix other than Windows OS?
Enlist four features of the following operating system:
Windows 98 b. Windows 2000 c. Windows XP

XIV. References / Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
Debugging ability 10%
3. Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Doce ee ec e cece eee eee eneeeeee een ees
Qe cece eee e eee e eee e nent enaeeneeeenneenes
Boece cece cece ee ee ee ee etna seen eee eee ees

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Teacher
Process
Related(15) Product Related(35) Total(50)

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Operating System (22516)

Practical No. 2: Execute general purpose commands.

I. Practical Significance:
General purpose commands are inbuilt programs that can be invoked in multiple
ways. These commands work interactively from a terminal. A terminal that provides
a command line interface using a shell program.

Il. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to apply general purpose commands.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Use operating system tools to perform various functions.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Execute general purpose commands date, time, cal, clear, banner, tty, script,
man.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Sr. No. | Commands Meaning

1 $date It displays system date and time
2 $cal Displays calendar for current month.
3 $clear Clears the screen
4 $banner OSY | Displays an argument string as a poster with maximum of ten
characters per line
5 $tty Name of terminal
6 $script Record login session
7 $man It gives manual help for any command.

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Specifying the date format

(+ is used to concatenate date command with descriptor)

Descriptor Example Meaning Example

YoY $date “+%y” Year( 2 Digits) 19
%ob $date “+%b” Month abbreviation Jan
%m $date “+%m” Month digit 01
%d $date “+%d/Yom/%y” Day of month 01 to 31
%j $date “+Today is %jth day of year” Day of year 1 to 366

VIII. Resources required (Additional)

Sr. Name of : . . Remarks (If

No. Resource Broad Specification Quantity any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 | Computer System | 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System | other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional)

Sr. Name of . . . Remarks (If

No. Resource Broad Specification Quantity any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate command statements to

students.
1. Write down different options of cal command. (Use $man cal)
2. Write options of date command. (Use $man date)

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XI. —_ Result (Output of Commands):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. How you record all the following activities performed by the user.
2. Give a command to display calendar for month of January.
3. Give single statement command to display the calendar of previous, current and
next month.
4. Give the command to display full week day (eg.Sunday) using date command.

(Space for Answer)

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XIII. Exercise:

1. What is output of following commands?

a. $cal 04 2019

f. $cal -2000
(Attach page for output)
2. Give the syntax of commands for displaying the output. (use date)
1. This iS ............645 Month of the year .................5. (Abbreviation for month
and 4-digit year)
il. This is the ................ ’th day of this year.

(Space for answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. | Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated Tocc
signature
hes of
Marks Obtained

Process Product
Related(15) Related(35) Total(50)

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Operating System (22516)

Practical No. 03: Work with multiple Linux terminals and basic
commands.

Practical Significance:
Work with terminal environment to know about users and set their security. It
includes current status of all the users like details about all the users who accesses the
terminal for particular duration and path of directory.

I Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

Ul Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to apply general purpose commands. (user related)

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Use operating system tools to perform various functions.

Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Work with multiple Linux terminals and basic commands: who,who am i, login,
passwd, su, pwd.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Sr. No. | Commands Syntax Description

1 who Swho It is used to display who are the users
connected to our computer currently
5 who am i Swho am i Display
isp ay the the details
details of of th the current t working
worki
directory
3 login login: $username | Prompt, enter username
passwd $passwd uname _ | Sets password for users
5 su(sudo) $su Is Provides super user privileges
pwd(Present To print the complete path of the current
6 . _. | $pwd .
Working Dir) working directory

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VIII Resources required (Additional)

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

Ix Resources used (Additional)

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

xX Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate command to students.

List down with all options for who commands and write its description.
Note: Write terminal’s output in Result Section.

XI Result (Output of Command):

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XII ~—s— Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. Give command for present working directory.
2. State currently login users by command.
3. Acquire the status of super user.
XII = Exercise:
1. Acquire the status of super user.
2. Write output for following commands
i. $who;clear;who am i
il.$who;tty;date

(Space for Answer)

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XIV_References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV___ Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
2. Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated signature
of Tecch er
Marks Obtained

Process Product

Related(15) Related(35) Total(50)

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Practical No. 4: Working with a) operating system services b) Processes

Practical Significance:
The purpose of computer systems is to allow the user to execute programs. So the
Operating systems provides an environment where the user can conveniently run
programs. The user does not have to worry about the memory allocation or
multitasking or anything. These things are taken care of by the operating systems.

IL. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

II. Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
a. Able to work with services like editor, GUI etc.
b. Able to work with Processes like start, stop etc.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Install operating system and configure it.

Practical Outcome (PrOs)

a) Use Operating services (Editor, GUI, File handling.)
b) Run commands to start, stop, and restart the specified service in Linux.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

An Operating System supplies different kinds of services to both the users and to the
programs as well. It also provides application programs (that run within an Operating
system) an environment to execute it freely. It provides users the services run various
programs in a convenient manner. File editing is done with the help of any editor. The
default editor that comes with the UNIX operating system is called vi (visual editor).
The UNIX vi editor is a full screen editor and has two modes of operation:
Command mode commands which cause action to be taken on the file, and
Insert mode in which entered text is inserted into the file.

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Operating System (22516)

Editor:
There are many ways to edit files in Unix. vi Editor works in Unix. This editor
enables you to edit lines in context with other lines in the file. You can also use this
editor to just read a text file.
An improved version of the vi editor which is called the VIM has also been made
available now. Here, VIM stands for Vi IMproved.

GUI:
Linux system provides both the interface that is GUI and CLI. As per the requirement
you can decide when you should use the Linux command line interface (CLI) and
when you should use a graphical user interface (GUI).

File Handling.
Following are the Processes commands:
Command to add and remove services in your system start-up: use chkconfig
Enter the command to show currently running services.
Is /etc/init.d
Enter the restart command.
sudo systemctl
To stop service
sudo systemctl,
To start service.
sudo systemctl

Resources required(Additional)-Nil

Sr Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. —_ Resources used (Additional)

Sr. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. Operating System

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X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Check all the permissions started on your system. Stop the services which are not
required for long time.

XI. Result (Output of Command):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. List various menus you observed on your system?
2. Study the GUI of your Linux system.
3. What is difference between GUI and CLI?

(Space for answer)

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XIII. Exercise:

1. What are system calls provided by file management?

2. Draw and explain services provided by operating system.
3. What are system component of operating system.
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Lo ceeccecseeeesecetecevsseerteeenteeenseen
Qo eeeceeeecesceetscerseeeteeeeteeenseen
3. ececeeeeceeceteeeesseeetseeeteenteeen

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Process Product
Related(15) Related(35) Total(s0)

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Practical No. 5: Execute process commands.

I. Practical Significance:
Process is program in execution. ps Commands is used to manage and to see the
active processes on Unix operating system. ps basically means ‘Process Status'
which is used to display currently running processes in Unix operating system.

Il. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute process commands like ps, wait, sleep, exit, kill.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Execute process commands for performing process management operations.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Execute process commands- ps, wait, sleep, exit, kill.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Sr. | Commands Meaning

No.

1 $ps Display the characteristics of a process. (ie. terminal number,

time required, PID no, and command name)

2 $wait Waits until all background processes are completed and then
exits.

3 $sleep 30 Used to execute commands after certain amount of time by

sleeping for given seconds.

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4 | $exit Used to quit the shell.

5 $kill 0 Used to stop execution of particular process by sending an

interrupt signal to the process.

Options of ps commands:
$ps -f Full listing showing PPID of each process.
$ps -u username Displays processes of user ‘username’
$ps -a Processes of all users
$ps -e Processes including user and system processes.

Options of kill commands:

$kill 0 Kills all the processes on the terminal except the login shell by
special argument ‘0’
$kill 120 230 234 Kills three processes with pid 120 230 234
$kill -9 0 Kills all processes including login shell
$kill -9 $$ Kills login shell

VIII. Resources required (Additional)-Nil

Sr Roe or Broad Specification Quantity | Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-

1 | Computer System | 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System | other open sources
operating system

IX. —_ Resources used (Additional)

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate command to students.

1. What is process id of your login shell?
2. Give PID of all processes, how you will terminal the processes running on your
terminal.
3. What is difference between wait and sleep?

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XI. —- Result (Output of Command):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. What is name of your login shell?
2. What are various options of kill commands?
3. What are various options of ps commands?
4. Explain about exit command.
5. List the system calls for process management.

(Space for answer)

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XIII. Exercise:

1 Observe the output of following commands:

$sleep 30; date
$echo $$
2. Display full listing of all the processes running on your terminal.

3. Write output of following command.

$sleep 60; banner GOOD

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4. Write all the process commands.

XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
2. Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Lo eee cece ee eeeeeee eee eneeeeeee ces

QD. icccececccnccceceeeecuuneeeeeeeeeueuuees

3. lee ecccc cece eeeseeeeeeeeenseaaeeeeces

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Process Product
Related(35) Related(15) Total(s0)

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Operating System (22516)

Practical No. 6: Execute file and directory manipulation commands.

I. Practical Significance:
Basically, the operations perform in Unix/Linux are done on a prompt / terminal
which is not stored anywhere. But most of the commands are written to store the
information. One way is to store the information in a file. Various operations that can
be performed on a file are create, open, read, write, move, close and rename.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The Practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute file and directory manipulation commands.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Execute file and directory manipulation commands — Is, rm, my, cp, join, split, cat
(file saving and redirection operator), head, tail, touch.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

File and directory manipulation commands —
Is command : It is used to lists files in the current working directory.
Syntax:
$ls

Options Meaning
Is -a list all files including hidden file starting with '.'
Is -d list directories - with ' */'
Is -1 list file's inode index number
Is -l list with long format - show permissions

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Example:
$ls -i abc. txt list contents of abc. txt file
$ls -1 List of all files along with permissions given to it.
$ls 22? List the names of files with exact three characters in it name.
$ls d*s List of files names which starts for d and ends with s
$ls —I Gives full listing of all files and directories.

Output
Termina File Edit View Search Terrpinal Help yh A 4:26PM tt

drwxrwxr -x 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 206 cdrom

drwxr-xr-x 16 root root 4120 Feb 16: 20 dev
drwxr-xr-x 129 root root 12288 Feb 16: 21 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan Le 11 home
Lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Jan Tit: 16 initrd.img -> boot/
initrd.img-3.19.0-25-generic
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Jan 11:16 Lib

A
2 root root 16384 Jan 10:54 Lost+found

UA
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 2015 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 2014 mnt

=
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 2015

BUUNNUANUNURP
opt
dr-xr-xr-x 173 root root 10) Feb 16:20 proc

a
2 root root 4096 Aug 2015 root
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 740 Feb 16:21 run

Be
drwxr-xr-x root root 12288 Jan a2 17 sbin
drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 Aug 2015 srv
dr-xr-xr-x root root 10) Feb 16:20 sys
ae

drwxrwxrwt root root 4096 Feb 16:25

drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 Aug 2015 usr
drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 Aug 2015 var
Lrwxrwxrwx root root 30 Jan 11:16 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlf
,>
Hf We inuz-3.19.0-25-generic

Figure 1

rm command: It is used to remove the file

Syntax:
$rm filename
Example
$rm abc.txt Removes abc.txt
$rm abc.txt xyz.txt Removes abc.txt and xyz.txt files
$rm * Removes all files

mv command : It is used to move a file from one location to another.

Syntax:
mv [Option] source destination
(consider 3 files having name abc.txt, xyz.txt and pqr.txt.)
To rename the file abe.txt to aaa.txt (not exist):
$ Is
abc.txt xyz.txt pqr.txt
$ mv abc.txt aaa.txt
$ Is
Xyz.txt pqr.txt aaa.txt

Options:
1. -i (Interactive): The mv command with -i option ask for confirmation
$ mv -i abc.txt aab.txt
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cp command : It is used to copies a file to destination file.

If the command contains two file names, then it copies the contents of 1st file to
the 2nd
file. If the 2nd file doesn’t exist, then first it creates one and content is copied to it.
But if
it existed then it is simply overwritten without any warning.
$ cp Source file Destination file

Example:
$ Is
Xyz.txt
$ cp xyz.txt zzz.txt
Check it now
$ Is
XYZ.txt ZZz.txt
join command: It is used for joining lines of two files on the basis of common field
in
each file called as a key.
Syntax:
$join [-t -o] filename filename2
-t field separator
-o Specify the column from each table that must be included.

Example:
$cat student!
Ajay 1990
Vijay 1992
Sujit 1991
$cat student2
Ajay 50
Vijay 62
Sujit 70
$join -t “:” student! student2
Ajay :1990:50
Vijay : 1992: 62
Sujit : 1991: 70

split command: It is used to split the large file into smaller files. Default size is 1000
lines per file.
Syntax:
$split -n filename tag name
-n number of lines in each smaller file.
-tag name by default the split builds the output files named xaa,xab,xac........
If tag name specified, it replaces the x with that tag name.
Example:
Split -100 student
Check it now
$ls
xaa xab- xac

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cat command : It is used to create the file and displaying the contents of file/files.
Syntax:
$ cat >sample (To create a file)
This is sample file in Unix.
<cntrl d>
$ cat sample
where cat is a command and sample is argument. This is sample file in Unix.
User can display contents of more than one file and called as concatenation.
$ cat list] .txt list2.txt (List two files at a time)

head command: It is used to read the first ten lines of file. (10 lines by default)
The number of lines to be displayed may be specified in the head command.
Syntax:
Shead -n filename (-n means how many lines to be displayed)

Example:
Shead -20 student
Displays the first 20 lines of the file student.
tail command: It is a used to print last few numbers of lines (10 lines by default) of a
certain file, then terminates.
Syntax:
Stail {[+/-]n [lbc] }filename

Options Meaning
+n Displays all lines starting from nth line.
-n Displays n lines from end of the file
l Indicates Lines
b Indicates blocks
Cc Indicates characters

Example:
$tail -201 student
Displays last 20 lines of student file.
Stail +201 student
Displays all lines starting from 20" line of the student file.

touch command: It is the easiest way to create new, empty files.

Syntax:
$touch filename
Example:
$touch aaa

File saving and redirection operator:

Generally, Unix commands are entered at the keyboard and output resulting from
these commands are displayed on the computer screen.
The standard input and standard output are actually taken or saved to files.
Example:
Output of first command is taken as input for second command. In this example
output of ls command is saved into a file out.txt.
$ Is > out.txt

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Combine 2 text files to another file:

$ cat list1.txt list2.txt > todo.txt
In this example contents of files list1.txt and list2.txt is saved to todo.txt file.
$cat list] .txt>>list2.txt
It appends the contents list1.txt to list2.txt. It adds the contents at the end of file.
Now check it
$ls list2.txt

VIII. Resources required (Additional)-Nil

Sr Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional)

Cr Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

1. Create three files al a2 a3.
2. Apply different commands like
Is, mv, cp, rm, join, split and check the list of files at the end.

XI. Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. What are different options of ls command? Write down the command along with
the option and note down the output. (Use $man /s command to check options)
2. What are different options of mv command?
3. What is use of split command?
4. How to use join command?

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(Space for answer)

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Operating System (22516)

XIII. Exercise:

1 Write output of following commands:

i) Display all file names which starts with ‘a’ and ends with ‘y’
11) Enlist all the files beginning with ‘m’ and ending with any range of | to 5.
ili) Show the contents of the files whose file names contains exactly two
characters.
iv) Create a file ABCD.txt, create a copy with XXX.txt. Rename the original
file with AACD.txt. Delete the file XXX.txt.
v) Display the inodes of any two files at the same time.
2 List all file processing commands.
How many lines will be displayed with head command if number is not specified.
(oS)

4 Create two files chapter! and chapter2 and perform the following operations
1. Copy contents of chapter! to chapter2 by asking the user before overwrite.
2. Display inodes of two files.
3. Rename the file ‘chapter’ to ‘Lesson1’
5 Execute the following commands:
$ls a*n

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(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Lo lec ccc c cece cee eneeeeeeeeeeneaeeenes

Qe ccc cece cena e eens ee enna ee enna eeas

Boece cece cece e eee ee eee eeaeeeeneaee

ness

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Teacher
Process
Related(15) Product Related(35) Total(50)

Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education 32

Operating System (22516)

Practical No. 7: Execute file and directory manipulation commands

Practical Significance:
Data and programs are stored in files. These are organized in directories. In a simple
way, a directory is just a file that contains other files (or directories).

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

II. Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute file and directory manipulation commands.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Execute file and directory manipulation commands — diff, comm.,pr, chmod,
mkdir, rmdir, cd, pwd, dir, cmp. (Use wild card character).

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

Vil. Minimum Theoretical Background

Unix uses a hierarchical structure for organizing files and directories. This structure is
called as a directory tree. The tree has a single root node, the slash character (/), and
all other directories are contained below it. When user first log in to the Unix server,
the specified directory is called as Home directory.
Directory Structure in Unix/Linux:

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Operating System (22516)

“ED EREREREeEeneanss
. |

Ba
alice bob eve
BSS
bin
B local sbin tmp =...

Figure 2

Directory manipulation commands are as follows:

1. mkdir 2. cd 3.rmdir 4.pwd

1. ‘mkdir’ command:
It is used to create a new directory in a current directory.
$mkdir <directory name>
Example:
$mkdir CMSI
User can create more than one directory in a single command.
$mkdir subject! subject2
If user wants to create directory on the specific path then syntax is:
Syntax :
$mkdir path/Directory_name

2. ‘cd’ command:
The ‘cd’ command is used to change directory. You can use it to change to any directory
by specifying a valid absolute or relative path.
The syntax is as given below
$cd <directory name>

Example
$ cd Directory name
$cd CMSI
$cd . To come out from current working directory.

Example:
$cd ..
$ cd / It changes to root directory.

Example:
$ cd /

3. rmdir’ command
It is used to delete/ remove a directory. If the parent directory having subdirectories then
first all subdirectories will be deleted then the parent directory is deleted.
$rmdir <directory name>

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4. ‘pwd’ command
pwd stands for Present Working Directory. This is most used Linux command to see the
specific Unix Directory on which the user is working on.
$pwd

diff command:
This command is used to show difference between two text files. It also tells which line in
one has to be changed to make the two files identical.
Syntax:
$diff filenamel filename2
The options of the result should be like this —
a -Added the text to file
c -Changes are made in the file
d -Deletion operation is performed
< -Lines from the first file
> -Lines from the second file

$cat filel.txt
I need to go to the shop.
I need to buy some mangoes.
When I get home, I'll wash the cat.

$cat file2.txt
I need to go to the shop.
I need to buy some mangoes.
Oh yeah, I also need to buy cheese.
When I get home, I'll wash the cat.

Use the diff command to compare both files.

$ diff file1.txt file2.txt
The above command should give the result as shown below —
2a3
> Oh yeah, I also need to buy cheese.
From the output, 2a3 means “After line 2 in the first file, a line needs to be added: line 3 from
the second file”.

comm command:
This command compares two sorted files. It compares each line of first file with its
corresponding line in the second file and generates three column output.
The first column lists the lines only in first file.
The second column lists the lines only in second file.
The third column lists the lines in both files.
Syntax:
$comm filenamel filename2
Example:
$cat student] $cat student2
Harsh Harsh
Sujay Niket
Smith Ashutosh
$comm student1 student2

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Sujay Niket Harsh

Smith Ashutosh

pr command:
pr - convert text files for printing
The pr command does minor formatting of files on the terminal screen or for a printer. For
example, if you have a long list of names in a file, you can format it onscreen into two or
more columns.
The syntax is:
pr option(s) filename(s)
pr changes the format of the file only on the screen or on the printed copy; it doesn’t modify
the original file.

dir command:
It is used to list all files and directories.
Termina! File Edit View Search Terminal Help Ty 4) 3:33AM Yt
oc sswp1226@ubuntu:~
sswpi226@ubuntu:~§$ dir
32 archieve.tar d3 pi Templates
3241 archive.tar demo 1. p2.tar Vvaa
3241.tar asd.tar Desktop Pictures vaaa
41 a.tar dh ile pqr.tar vaa.tar
-A awt.tar dhanu ile1. Public vat
abci -cvt Documents ile -r vatshu
abecil.tar d DownLoads 5 srt.tar vat.tar
abc2 di env.txt i -t va.tar
abc.tar d2 exampLes.desktop : tar Videos
sswp1226@ubuntu:~$ |

Figure 3

chmod command:
It is used to change or set three permissions (read, write and execute) for all the three
categories of users.
Types of users are — user, group and others.

Owners assigned Permission On Every File and Directory

~ Read
aD Write
User Execute

@ Read
a>? Write
Group Execute a

a Read
«> Write
All Execute

Figure 4

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Operating System (22516)

To identify the permissions of a file or directory use Is-1 command.

Syntax:
$ls -1

a
42 1

Each bit (r,w and x) have a respective weight of 4, 2 and 7.

Figure 5

‘chmod?’ can be operated in two ways:

1. symbolic or alphabetical notation.
2. Octal or absolute notation.

1. symbolic or alphabetical notation.

It uses symbols for assigning permissions to the users. There are following symbols for users
of three categories.

Option Symbols Meaning

Category u Owner of the file and directories.
g Members of the group belonging to the user.
0 All other system users.
a All the users
Permission r r to assign read permission to a file
w w to assign write permission to a file
x to assign execute permissions to a file
Operations + Assigns the permission
- Removes the permission.
= Assigns absolute permissions.

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Operating System (22516)

Syntax:
$chmod <category><operation><permission><filename>

Example:
1. Assigns the execute permission for user/owner, group and others.
$chmod ugo+x abc
2. Assign all permission for group.
$chmod g+rwx abc
3. Assign execute permissions for the owner and remove read permission of group and others.
$chmod u+x,go-r abc
4. Assign read the permission to all three users and removes all remaining permissions.
$chmod ugo=r abc

2. Octal or absolute notation

This method uses a number to specify each set of permissions for the file. It assigns
permissions in three digits. First digit assign permission for owner, second digit for group and
third for others. Digits range is 0 to 7.
Syntax:
$chmod <Three Digit Octal Number> <Filename>
$chmod [ u g o | filename

List of Octal numbers:

Number Assignment
0 No permission
1 Execute permission
2 Write permission
4 Read permission
5(4+1) Read and execute permission
6(44+2) Read and write permission
7(4+2+1) Read, write and execute permission

Example:
$chmod 750 abc
It assigns all permissions for user, read and execute for group and no permission for others
for file abc.

cmp
This command is used to compare files when used without options. It uses two filenames as
an argument and display the differences on the terminals.

$cmp filename filename2

$cat student] $cat student2
Harsh Harshu
Sujay Sujay
Smith Smith
$cmp student! student2
Student1 student2 differ : char 6 linel

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VIII. Resources required (Additional)-Nil

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System | 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. Operating System | other open sources
operating system

IX. —_ Resources used (Additional)

Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

1. Create the following structure

MSBTE

| I scheme G
scheme

COSI : IF5I CM5I CM5G

Figure 6

XI. ~=-Result (Output of Code):

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XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.

How to shift from Root directory to User (Home) directory?

How to see directories?
PWN

What is default set of permissions given by the system to the directory?

Assign all the permissions to your directory for all the users using symbolic and
octal method.
5. What is difference between comm and cmp command?

(Space for answer)

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XIII. Exercise:
1. Write the command for performing the following tasks sequentially
a. Display your current directory.
b. Create a directory ‘subject’ in the current directory.
c. Create a file ‘sample’ in the directory ‘subject’.
d. Remove the write permission for the owner for ‘sample’ using symbolic
method.
e. Delete the file ‘sample’. What is an error message displayed?

2. What are the permissions assigned to the file/files after execution of following
commands?
a. $chmod 700 abc

3. Create new files pqr and prql.

Perform the commands
$chmod ugo=r pqr

4. Assign read and write permission for the owner, write permission for the group
and execute permission for others using octal method for file mfile.

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5. Write commands to assign following permissions to the file OSY using octal
method.

c. r xr xr x

6. Write commands to assign following permissions to the file OSY using symbolic
method.
a. rwxr xr |
b. _rwxrwxrwx
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
2. Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Lo eeceeeeeseeceseesseeetteeetseeess
2. eeeveceveseeetseevtstevteeetseeess
3, ieceeeeteeeerseversecereeeereeenres

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Process Product
Related(15) Related(35) Total(s0)

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Practical No. 8: Execute text processing commands.

I. Practical Significance:
There are many text processing commands. A filter is a program that takes a flow of
data from the standard input, processes or filters it and send the result to standard
output. cut, we, tr, sort, grep are all simple filters.

Il. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute commands for text processing.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

Vv. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Execute text processing tr, wc, cut, paste, spell, sort, grep, more.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

Vil. Minimum Theoretical Background

1. tr (Unix):- tr is a command in Unix-like operating systems. It is an abbreviation
of translate or transliterate, indicating its operation of replacing or removing
specific characters in its input data set.

Syntax
The syntax of tr command is:
$ tr [OPTION] SET1 [SET2]

Translation
If both the SET1 and SET2 are specified and ‘-d’ OPTION is not specified, then tr
command will replace each character in SET1 with each character in same position in
SET2.

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1. Convert lower case to upper case

e The following tr command is used to convert the lower case to upper case
$ tr
operating system
OPERATING SYSTEM
fifth semester
FIFTH SEMESTER
e The following command will also convert lower case to upper case
$ tr [:lower:] [:upper:]
java
JAVA
e You can also use ranges in tr. The following command uses ranges to convert lower to
upper case.
$ tra-z A-Z’

The we (word count) command in Unix/Linux operating systems is used to find out
number of lines, words and characters in a file.
The syntax of wc command as shown below:
$we [-l -w -c] <filename>
-] counts only number of lines
-w counts only number of words
-c counts only number of characters
Example:

$cat student
Ajay
Vijay
Sujit
$we student]
33 14
Means 3 lines, 3 words and 14 characters.
# wc [options] filenames
[root@tecmint ~]# we tecmint.txt
12 16 112 tecmint.txt
The following are the options and usage provided by the command.

Sr. No. Command Description

1 we-l Prints the number of lines in a file.
2 wc-w Prints the number of words in a file.
3 wc-c Displays the count of bytes in a file.
4 we-m Prints the count of characters from a file.
5 we-L Prints only the length of the longest line

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3. Cut
Cut command:
It is used to copy the specified columns to the standard output file. It is used to cut
portion of a file. It takes filenames as command line arguments or input from standard
input. It does not delete the selected portion of a file.
Syntax:
$cut [-f/-c] [n1,n2] filename
Where nl ,n2 are the field/character number.
-f Displays specified field. Also uses -d for field separator.
-C Displays specified column character by character.
Example 1:
$cat student!
Ajay 1990 50
Vijay 1992 60
Sujit 1991 70
$cut -f1,2 studentl
Ajay 1990
Vijay 1992
Sujit 199]
In this output it will display 1‘ and 2" fields values
Example 2:
$cat numbers
12345
23123
45656
76543
$cut -c4,5 student2
45
23
56
43
In this output it displays 4" and 5" character from each line.

4. Paste
Paste command is one of the useful commands in Unix or Linux operating system. It
is used to join files horizontally (parallel merging) by outputting lines consisting of
lines from each file specified, separated by tab as delimiter, to the standard output.
When no file is specified, or put dash (“-“*) instead of file name, paste reads from
ce 66

standard input and gives output as it is until a interrupt command [Ctrl-c] is given.
Syntax:
paste [OPTION]... [FILES]...
Create files for demonstration:
$cat stdname
Ajay
Vijay
Sujit
$cat birthyear
1980
2001

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1996
$paste stdname birthyaer
Ajay 1980
Vijay 2001
Sujit 1996
5. Spell
Spell is a spell-checking program which scans a text file for misspelled words and
prints each misspelled word on its own line.
Syntax:
spell [OPTIONS] FILE ...
-n Print line numbers.
(For each misspelled word, also print the number of the line it was in.)
-O Print file names.
(For each misspelled word, also print the name of the file it was in.)
spell -on words.txt words2.txt
Checks the spelling of files words.txt and words?2.txt, printing the file name (-o) and
the line number (-n) of each misspelled word.

Jaishree@DESKTOP-OKO5FND

i
$ cat student1
Sujay 2001
Bhavesh 2000
Pinank 2000

Jaishree@DESKTOP-OKO5FND
i

§ sort studentl
Bhavesh 2000
Pinank 2000
Sujay 2001

Jaishree@DESKTOP-OKO5FND
i

$ cat numbers
12
45
2
34
&

Jaishree@DESKTOP-OKO5FND
i

$ sort -n numbers
2
8
12
34
45

Figure 7

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6. Sort
SORT command is used to sort a file,
arranging the records in a particular order. By default, the sort command sorts file
assuming the contents are ASCII. Using options in sort command, it can also be used
to sort numerically.
When we have a mix file with both uppercase and lowercase letters then first the
lower case letters would be sorted following with the upper case letters .
Option Meaning
-0 write the output to a new file
-n sort a file numerically
-r Sort in Reverse Order

7. grep (Global Regular expression printer)

It is used to search a pattern/word inside files.
Synatx:
$grep <option> <pattern> <filename>
Options Meaning
-C Displays the count of the number of occurrences of the pattern
-| Displays the list of the filenames which contains a pattern.
-n Displays line numbers along with the lines containing a pattern.
$cat OS
Unix
Linux
Ubuntu
$grep -n Unix OS
It searches Unix pattern and displays line number where that pattern matched.

8. more
If the file is too large for its contents to fit in one screen, it will scroll off your screen
when the file is displayed with cat command then use more command.
Syntax:
$more [“Space bar” /f/b/j/k/200G/G] filename
Options Meaning
[Space] scrolls the display, one screenful of data at a time
j scrolls forward one line
f Scrolls forward one screen
b scrolls backwards one screen
k scrolls backward one line
200G Goes to line number 200
G Goes to last line of the file

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VIII. Resources required (Additional)

Sr. . . . Remarks
No, Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity (If any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
l Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional)

Sr. . . . Remarks
No. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Write the commands for:
Counting number of words in the ‘data.txt’
Counting number of lines in ‘data.txt’
Counting all characters in the ‘data.txt’

XI. Result (Output of Command):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. Give Applications of Paste Command.
How to move cursor to end of a line?
wn

What are the options of we command?

What are different types of filters used in Linux?
we

What is difference between $cat abc and $cat abc|more (File abc shall consists of
more than 25 lines in it)

(Space for answer)

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XUI. Exercise:

1. Write the significance of following.

i. Only one character is specified
$ paste -d "|" number state capital
1|Arunachal Pradesh|Itanagar
2|Assam|Dispur
3|Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad
4|Bihar|Patna
5|Chhattisgrah|Raipur

ii.More than one character is specified

$ paste -d "|," number state capital

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1|Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar

2|Assam,Dispur
3|Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad
4|Bihar,Patna
5|Chhattisgrah,Raipur

iii. -s (serial), Combination of -d and -s, —version (write its syntax and
example)
1. Create a new file and practice executing shell commands from within the editor.
Capture the results of some shell commands into the file.
2. How to get help?

2. Try the commands and write output with its meaning

1. tr “[a-f]” “[0-5]” < employee (employee is name of file)

ii. tr -s “ “ < employee

oo 66

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/12/linux-tr-command
2. https://www.tecmint.com/wc-command-examples/
3. http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs273a/presentations.aut1 1/UnixTextProcessingPrim
er.pdf
4. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-unixtext/index.html

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related (35 Marks) 70%
1. | Logic formation 30%
2. Debugging ability 30%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (15 Marks) 30%
4. | Expected output 10%
5. Timely Submission 10%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Lo eee eee eee eee cence cease eeeeeeees
Qe icc eece ence eee e eee eeeeeeeaeenaeeeeneees
Boece eee eee e eee eee eeeeeeeaeenaeenees

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Teacher
Process
Related(35) Product Related(15) Total(50)

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Practical No. 9: Use vi editor and perform all editor commands.

I. Practical Significance:
There are many ways to edit files in Unix. Editing files using the screen-oriented text
editor vi is one of the best ways. This editor enables you to edit lines in context with
other lines in the file. Vi is intended as a plain text editor (similar to Notepad on
Windows, or Textedit on Mac) as opposed to a word processing suite such as Word or
Pages. It does, however have a lot more power compared to Notepad or Textedit.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

iI. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute commands in the given modes.
2. Able to identify vi editor commands.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

V. Practical Outcome (PrQOs)

Use vi editor and perform all editor commands.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Starting the vi Editor
The following table lists out the basic commands to use the vi editor —

r. . ue
S Command Description
No.

. Creates a new file if it already does not exist, otherwise opens an

1 vi filename ae
existing file.

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2 vi -R filename |Opens an existing file in the read-only mode.

3 view filename |Opens an existing file in the read-only mode.

Following is an example to create a new file test! if it already does not exist in the current
working directory —
The above command will generate the following output
$vi test1

"test1" [New File]

You will notice a tilde (~) on each line following the cursor. A tilde represents an unused
line. If a line does not begin with a tilde and appears to be blank, there is a space, tab,
newline, or some other non-viewable character present.
Operation Modes
While working with the vi editor, we usually come across the following two modes —

Command mode — This mode enables you to perform administrative tasks such as
saving the files, executing the commands, moving the cursor, cutting (yanking) and
pasting the lines or words, as well as finding and replacing. In this mode, whatever you
type is interpreted as a command.

Insert mode — This mode enables you to insert text into the file. Everything that's typed
in
this mode is interpreted as input and placed in the file.
vi always starts in the command mode. To enter text, you must be in the insert mode for
which simply type i. To come out of the insert mode, press the Esc key, which will take
you back to the command mode.

Moving within a File

To move around within a file without affecting your text, you must be in the command mode
(press Esc twice).

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Sr. No. | Command Description

1 k Moves the cursor up one line

2 j Moves the cursor down one line

3 h Moves the cursor to the left one character position

4 | Moves the cursor to the right one character position

Control Commands:-

Editing Files
To edit the file, you need to be in the insert mode. There are many ways to enter the insert
mode from the command mode —

Sr. No. | Command Description

1 i Inserts text before the current cursor location

2 I Inserts text at the beginning of the current line

3 a Inserts text after the current cursor location

4 A Inserts text at the end of the current line

5 0 Creates a new line for text entry below the cursor location

6 O Creates a new line for text entry above the cursor location

Page movement Description:-

Sr. No. | Command Description

1 CTRL4d - Move forward 1/2 screen

2 CTRL+f- Move forward one full screen

3 CTRL+u- | Move backward 1/2 screen

4 CTRL+b Move backward one full screen

5 CTRL+te Moves screen up one line

6 CTRL+y- | Moves screen down one line

7 CTRL+I Redraws screen

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Deleting Characters
Here is a list of important commands, which can be used to delete characters and lines in an
open file —

Sr. No. | Command Description

1 x Deletes the character under the cursor location

2 Xx Deletes the character before the cursor location

3 Dw Deletes from the current cursor location to the next word

4 d‘ Deletes from the current cursor position to the beginning of the line

5 d$ Deletes from the current cursor position to the end of the line

6 D Deletes from the cursor position to the end of the current line

7 dd Deletes the line the cursor is on

Change Commands
You also have the capability to change characters, words, or lines in vi without deleting
them.

Sr. No. | Command Description

1 cc Removes the contents of the line, leaving you in insert mode.

2 cw Changes the word the cursor is on from the cursor to the

lowercase w end of the word.

3 r Replaces the character under the cursor. vi returns to the command

mode after the replacement is entered.

4 R Overwrites multiple characters beginning with the character currently

under the cursor. You must use Esc to stop the overwriting.

5 S Replaces the current character with the character you type. Afterward,
you are left in the insert mode.

6 S Deletes the line the cursor is on and replaces it with the new text. After
the new text is entered, vi remains in the insert mode.

Copy and Paste Commands

You can copy lines or words from one place and then you can paste them at another place
using the following commands —

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Sr. No. | Command Description

l yy Copies the current line.

2 yw- Copies the current word from the character the lowercase w cursor is on,
until the end of the word.

3 p Puts the copied text after the cursor

4 P Puts the yanked text before the cursor.

Ex mode command
Press Esc key and then (:) colon to enter ex-mode commands. A colon is displayed at the left
hand corner of the last line on your screen.

Command | Action
'W Saves file and remains in editing mode
X Saves file and quits editing mode
:wq Save and quit
:q Quits vi when no changes are made
:q! Quits vi cancelling the changes
‘sh Escape to Unix shell

Advanced Commands
There are some advanced commands that simplify day-to-day editing and allow for more
efficient use of vi —

Word and Character Searching

The vi editor has two kinds of searches: string and character. For a string search,
the / and ? commands are used. When you start these commands, the command just typed
will be shown on the last line of the screen, where you type the particular string to look for.
These two commands differ only in the direction where the search takes place —
e The/ command searches forwards (downwards) in the file.
e The ? command searches backwards (upwards) in the file.
The n and N commands repeat the previous search command in the same or the opposite
direction, respectively. Some characters have special meanings. These characters must be
preceded by a backslash (\) to be included as part of the search expression.

Sr. No. | Character |Description

1 A Searches at the beginning of the line (Use at the beginning of a search

expression).

2 . Matches a single character.

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3 * Matches zero or more of the previous character.

4 $ End of the line (Use at the end of the search expression).

5 [ Starts a set of matching or non-matching expressions.

6 < This is put in an expression escaped with the backslash to find the ending
or the beginning of a word.

7 > This helps see the '<' character description above.

Running Commands
The vi has the capability to run commands from within the editor. To run a command, you
only need to go to the command mode and type :! command. For example, if you want to
check whether a file exists before you try to save your file with that filename, you can
type :! Is and you will see the output of Is on the screen. You can press any key (or the
command's escape sequence) to return to your vi session.

Replacing Text
The substitution command (:s/) enables you to quickly replace words or groups of words
within your files. Following is the syntax to replace text —

:s/search/replace/g

The g stands for globally. The result of this command is that all occurrences on the cursor's
line are changed.

VIII. Resources required (Additional)

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional)

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

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X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Create a file OS and type at least 30 lines in it.
i) Write command to save the file
ii) Write the command to insert text at the end of line.
111) Replace some character into beginning of second line.
iv) Write a command to delete 10 lines at a time.
v) Write a command to move cursor 3 word to the right

XI. Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.

1. What is the difference between Type 0 and Type O?

2. State the three ways quit the vi-editor.
3. What is effect of (Type this at colon mode and observe the changes in your file)
a. set nu
b. set ic
c. set nonu
d. set noai

4. Give vi command to delete line to the left of cursor.

5. What is difference between yank and delete?
6. What are different modes in Vi editor?
7. Observe the output of following commands:
i) at colon mode
:abbr MSBTE Maharashtra State Board Of Technical Education
Now in the beginning of your file type MSBTE and press space bar
Write down the output

ii) Go to beginning of your file press 4Y Y

Then move to end of your file and press ‘P’
Write the purpose of the command

(Space for answer)

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XIII. Exercise:

1. Write the significance of following.

i. $ vi temp.txt
ii. Insert multiple lines.
ili. Delete contents using commands.
2. Create a new file and practice executing shell commands from within the editor.
Capture the results of some shell commands into the file.
3. How to get help?
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/
4. https://www.openvim.com/tutorial.html

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related (35 Marks) 70%
1. | Logic formation 30%
2. | Debugging ability 30%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (15 Marks) 30%
4. | Expected output 10%
5. Timely Submission 10%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated signature of
Marks Obtained
Teacher
Process Product
Related(35) | Related(15) Total(50)

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Practical No. 10: Execute Shell Script by using if statements.

I. Practical Significance:
If is a statement that allows the programmer to make a decision in the program based
on conditions he specified. If the condition is met, the program will execute certain
lines of code otherwise, the program will execute other tasks the programmer
specified.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute script for single decision if statement.
2. Able to execute script for double decision if statement.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Write and execute Shell Script by using following Control statements features- “if”
statement.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

The if...else...fi statement is the control statement that allows Shell to execute
statements in a controlled way and make the right choice.
Syntax;
if | expression |
then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true
else
Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not true
fi

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The Shell expression is evaluated in the above syntax. If the resulting value is ¢rue,
given statement(s) are executed. If the expression is false, then no statement will be
executed.
Relational operators are used along with if statement.

Relational operators used by if

Operator Meaning
-eq Equal to
-ne Not equal
-gt Greater than
-ge Greater than or equal to
-It Less than
-le Less than or equal to

General Syntax

1. Single Decision: -
Syntax:-
if [ condition ]
then
H## series of code goes here
fi
e.g.
if [ "$X" -It "0" ]
then
echo "X is less than zero"
fi

2. Double Decision: -
Syntax:-
if [ condition ]
then
Statements if the condition is satisfied
else
Statements of code if the condition is not satisfied
fi

3. Multiple if condition: -
Syntax:-
if [ condition] ]
then
Statements for condition1
elif [ condition2|
then
Statements for condition2
else
Statements if the condition is not satisfied
fi

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4. Double —bracket:-
Syntax:-
if ((condition))
then
Statements goes here
fi

To type any program in Linux you need the compiler. vi editor is used for creating file in
Linux.
Write a shell script to display welcome message with today’s date in it.
In vi editor write a program code and save and quit with filename “sample.sh’.
$vi sample.sh
(Now press escape and i to change the input mode and type following program)
#sample.sh
#use of if-then statement
if whoami; then
var 1=‘whoami*
echo “Welcome $var1”
fi
if date; then
echo “It displays todays date”
fi
echo “This is end of script”
To run the script
$./sample.sh
Save this program press escapetshift+:(colon) and type wq (:wq)
“Welcome User1”
Mon Feb 25 22:29:29 PST 2019
“Tt displays todays date”
“This is end of script”

VIII. Resources required (Additional)

Sr. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. —_ Resources used (Additional)

‘r. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

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X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Execute shell script by considering example to find passing grades of students
using if statement:
1. Single Decision.
2. Double Decision.
3. Multiple if statements.
Note: Attach the code at the end.

XI. ~— Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
A. Write and execute script for nested if statements.
B. Write difference between
1. if [ condition]
2. if((condition))
C. Write script for finding greatest number among given three number.

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(Space for answer)

XIII. Exercise:

1. Correct the following script and write its output.

1. if[!-r “$1” ] then echo "File $1 is not readable — skipping."; fi
2. if [ "$X" -nt "/etc/passwd" |; Then
echo "X is a file which is newer than /etc/passwd"
if
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/
4. https://www.shellscript.sh/test.html

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (35 Marks) 70%
1. | Logic formation 30%
2. | Debugging ability 30%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (15 Marks) 30%
4. | Expected output 10%
5. Timely Submission 10%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated signature
Marks Obtained of Teacher

Process Product
Related(35) | Related(is) | [tal

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Practical No. 11: Execute Shell Script by using for statements.

I. Practical Significance:
The for loops iterate through a set of values until the list is exhausted. In simple terms
the for loop operates on lists of items. It repeats a set of commands for every item in a
list.

Il. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. | Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute script for ‘FOR’ loop.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Write and execute Shell Script by using following Control statements feature- “for 29

statement, exit, break, continue.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Syntax of FOR loop: -
for var in item] item2 ... itemN
do
command 1
command2

commandN
done

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Example:
for varin0 123456789
do
echo $var
done

So far you have looked at creating loops and working with loops to accomplish
different tasks. Sometimes you need to stop a loop or skip iterations of the loop.
Following two statements that are used to control shell loops—

Three-expression bash for loops syntax

This type of for loop can also be used similar to the C programming language. It is
having by a three-parameter loop control expression; consisting of an initializer
(EXP1), a loop-test or condition (EXP2), and a counting expression (EXP3).
Three-expression bash for loops syntax
A representative three-expression example in bash as follows:
#!/bin/bash
for (( c=1; c<=5; c++ ))
do
echo "Welcome $c times"
done

1. The break statements: The break statement is used to terminate the execution of the
entire loop, after completing the execution of all of the lines of code up to the break
statement using break keyword.
2. The continue statement: The continue statement is similar to the break command,
except that it causes the current iteration of the loop to exit, rather than the entire loop.
3. Exit:
The syntax is as follows:
exit N
The exit statement is used to exit from the shell script with a status of N.
Write a shell script to calculate the factorial of a given number.
In vi editor write a program code and save and quit with filename ‘fact.sh’.
$vi fact.sh
(Now press escape and 1 to change the input mode and type following program)

Similar other loops are also used in Linux such as while, case..esac
while statement
Syntax:
while [condition]
do

done

Example:
a=1
while [ $a -le 5 ]
do

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echo “value of a=” $a

a=expr $a + 1°
done

case .. esac statement;

Syntax:
case value in
pattern 1) commands;;
pattern 2) commands;;
pattern 3) commands;;

*) Default
esac // indication of end of case statement

Example:
#!/bin/bash
NOW=$(date +"%a")
case $NOW in
Mon)
echo "Full backup";
Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri)
echo "Partial backup";
Sat|Sun)
echo "No backup";;
*) 33
esac

$cat fact.sh
echo "Enter a number"
read num
fact=1
while [ $num -gt 1 ]
do
fact=$((fact * num))
num=$((num - 1))
done
echo “factorial of a number is $fact”
Save this program press escapetshift+:(colon) and type wq (:wq)
To compile the program
$./fact.sh or $sh fact.sh
Enter the number : 5
Factorial of a given number is 120

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VIII. Resources required (Additional)

Sr. . : . Remarks
No. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity (If any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
l Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional)

Sr. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

1. Execute shell script by considering example like printing table of given number by
FOR loop
2. Execute shell script by considering example like printing following output by
FOR loop
2k 2 2 2k 2

OK OK ok 3

2k

Note: Attach the code at the end.

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XI. Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. Give output of the following
a.
#!/bin/sh
NUMBERS="1 23 45 67"
for NUM in $NUMS
do
Q="expr $NUM % 2°
if [ $Q -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Number is an even number!!"
continue
fi
echo "Found odd number"
done
b.
#!/bin/sh
a=0
while [ $a -It 10 ]
do
echo $a
if [ $a -eq 5 ]
then
break
fi
a=expr $a + 1°
done
State the difference between Iteration and Recursion.
YN

Write a shell script to display Fibonacci series for n numbers.

Write a shell script to display tables of 2 to 10 numbers. (Like 2 * 1 = 2)
we

Write a shell script to accept five digit number and perform addition of all digits.

(Space for answer)

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XIII. Exercise:
Execute the script for the following.
1. The for loop using day of week list.
2. The while loop to print different * patterns.
3. The case statement for performing various mathematical operations.
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
YwN

https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-for-loop/
we

https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/For_loop

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related (35 Marks) 70%
1. | Logic formation 30%
2. Debugging ability 30%
3. Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (15 Marks) 30%
4. | Expected output 10%
5. Timely Submission 10%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Teacher
Process Related Product Related
(35) (15) Total(50)

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Practical No. 12: Write Shell script to find out whether - Given file exists?

I. Practical Significance:
In UNIX data and programs are stored in files. These are organized in directories. In a
simple way, a directory is just a file that contains other files (or directories).
It can be done to find out if a file exists or not on the file system with the help of
BASH shell and IF command,

IL. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

II. Competency and Practical skills

The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute shell script to find out whether - Given file exists?

Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Write Shell script to find out whether - Given file exists?

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VIL. Minimum Theoretical Background

This can be done by the shell script by using test conditions. Also if..else..fi statement
is used which allows us to make decisions based on the success or failure of a
command.
Following is the list of some other flags which we can use in File test operators.

Shell Returns true if

-a file True if file exists.
-b FILE True if it is block special
-c FILE True if it is character special
-d file True if file exists and is a directory.
-e file True if file exists.
-f file True if file exists and is a regular file.

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-s file True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.

Example:
#! /bin/bash
echo -e "Enter the name of the file :"
read file_name
if [ -f $file name ]
then
else
echo "$file_name not exists"
fi

Ordinary Files — An ordinary file is a file on the system that contains data, text, or
program instructions. In this tutorial, you look at working with ordinary files.
Directories — Directories store both special and ordinary files. For users familiar with
Windows or Mac OS, Unix directories are equivalent to folders.

Special Files — Some special files provide access to hardware such as hard drives, CD-
ROM drives, modems, and Ethernet adapters. Other special files are similar to aliases or
shortcuts and enable you to access a single file using different names.

VIII. Resources required (Additional)-Nil

Sr. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System | 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System | other open sources
operating system

IX. — Resources used (Additional)

Sr. Name of . . .
No. Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer
System
Operating
2.
System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Write a shell script which accepts input as a file or directory and displays message
whether it is file or directory.

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XI. Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.

1. What is the command to run the script?

2. What are file test options with its meaning?
3. What will be the output of these commands (file=abc.txt)
a) if[!-f"$file" ]; then
echo "$file"
fi
b) test -f "$file" | echo "$file"
c) [-f"$file" ] | echo "$file"

(Space for answer)

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XIII. Exercise:

Write a shell script to copy source file into the destination file.
FYNP
Write a shell script which displays list of all directories in your home directory.
Write a shell script which displays list of all files in your home directory.
Write a file handling program. First check whether it is file or directory, then if it
is file the program shall ask user for choices of copying, removing and renaming
files. Use case statement.
5. Write script to copy a source file into the destination file.
(Attach the screenshots at the end)
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
2. | Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated signature of
Marks Obtained Teacher

Process Product
Related (15) | Related (38) | #9)

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Practical No. 13: Write Shell script to check and grant File permissions.

I. Practical Significance:
In Unix files come with permissions, a way to decide who can read, write or execute a
file. These permissions are divided into three parts: those for the owner (user) of the
file, those for the group to which the owner belongs and then permissions for all the
other users from the point of view of what is allowed to do in a file or directory,
permissions are for reading, writing and executing.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. Competency and Practical skills

The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute shell script to check and grant file permissions.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply file management techniques.

V. Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Write Shell script to find out whether - File has read, write, and execute permissions

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Test Commands
Test Returns true if
-r file True if file exists and is readable.

-s file True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.

-w file True if file exists and is writable.

-x file True if file exists and is executable.

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VIII. Resources required (Additional)-

Sr. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. —_ Resources used (Additional)

‘r. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Write Shell script to find out whether - File has read, write, and execute permissions
(This practical can be performed in any of the compiler like C, vi editor etc)
Note: Attach the code at the end.

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XI. —— Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. What are permissions of a file?
2. How to assign permission to a file?
3. What happens when exception is thrown by main method?
4. How to check permissions of all files and directories?
5. What are the test commands to check the permission of a file?

(Space for answer)

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XI. Exercise:
1. Write a shell script which displays the list of all executable files in the current
working directory.
2. Write a shell script which displays a list of all the files in the current directory to
which user has read, write and execute permission.
3. Write a shell script which accepts a filename and assigns it all the permissions.
(Space for Answer)

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (15 Marks) 30%
1. | Logic formation 10%
Debugging ability 10%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (35 Marks) 70%
4. | Expected output 30%
5. Timely Submission 30%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated signature
Marks Obtained of Teacher

Process Product Related

Related(15) (35) Total(s0)

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Practical No. 14: Implement scheduling algorithms.

Practical Significance:
In Multiprogramming systems, the Operating system schedules the processes on the
CPU to have the maximum utilization of it and this procedure is called CPU
scheduling. The Operating System uses various scheduling algorithm to schedule the
processes. First come first serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm simply schedules the
jobs according to their arrival time.

I. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

II. Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to find out turnaround time and average waiting time and performance of the
algorithm.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.

Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Write a program to calculate total waiting and turnaround time of n processes with
First Come First Serve CPU scheduling algorithm.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VIL. Minimum Theoretical Background

In multiprogramming systems, when there is more than one runnable process (i.e.,
ready),
the operating system must decide which one to activate. The decision is made by the
part of the operating system called the scheduler, using a scheduling algorithm.
CPU scheduling selects the processes from memory that are ready to execute, and
allocates the CPU to one of them.
For example, in FCFS the job which comes first in the ready queue will get the CPU
first. The lesser the arrival time of the job, the sooner will the job get the CPU. FCFS

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scheduling may cause the problem of starvation if the burst time of the first process is
the longest among all the jobs.

VIII. Resources required (Additional):

Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional):

No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Consider the processes Pl, P2, P3, P4 given in the below table,
arrives for execution in the same order, with Arrival Time 0, and given Burst Time,
Find using the FCFS scheduling algorithm.
1.Turn Around Time for each process
2.Waiting Time for each process
3.Average Turn Around time
4.average waiting time

Process Burst Time

Pl 21
P2 6
P3 3
P4 2

Note: Attach the code at the end.

(This practical can be performed in any of the compiler like Turbo C, vi editor etc)

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XI. —— Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. Compare SJF, Priority and RR with respect to turnaround time and average
waiting time.
2. State the conditions for preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling algorithm.
3. Give the reason of problems arises in FCFS.
4. Write a formula for turnaround Time.
5. Write a formula for Average waiting Time.

(Space for answer)

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XUI. Exercise:

1 Draw the Gantt chart for above mention example.

The jobs are scheduled for execution as follows:
Solve the problem by using FCFS and preemptive SJF
Find Average waiting time using Gantt chart

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Process Arrival Time Burst Time

Pl 0 10
P2 1 4
P3 2 14
P4 3 8

3 Calculate average waiting time using RR algorithm for the following set of
processes with the length of the CPU burst time given in milliseconds. (Time
quantum 20 ms)

Process Burst Time

Pl 12
P2 45
P3 78
P4 90

(Space for Answer)

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XIV___References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process related (35 Marks) 70%
1. | Logic formation 30%
Debugging ability 30%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (15 Marks) 30%
4. | Expected output 10%
Timely Submission 10%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Dated Tecc
signature
hes of
Marks Obtained

Process Product
Related(35) Related(15) Total(50)

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Practical No. 15: Implement page replacement algorithm.

Practical Significance:
When there is a page fault, the referenced page must be loaded. If there is no available
frame in memory, then one page is selected for replacement. If the selected page has
been modified, it must be copied back to disk (swapped out). A page replacement
algorithm is needed to decide which page needs to be replaced when new page comes
in.

I. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

e Basic knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the computer group related problems.
e Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the
computer group related problems.
e Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve the computer group related problems.
e Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming / technologies and
tools with an understanding of the limitations.
e Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member
in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
e Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

II. Competency and Practical skills

Manage operations of Operating System.
The Practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to write a program to solve page fault problem and page hit.
2. Able to develop a program to implement page replacement algorithm.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.

Practical Outcome (PrOs)

Write a ‘C’ program to implement FIFO page replacement algorithm.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

Vil. Minimum Theoretical Background

In First Out (FIFO) —
This is the simplest page replacement algorithm. In this algorithm, operating system
keeps track of all pages in the memory in a queue, oldest page is in the front of the
queue. When a page needs to be replaced page in the front of the queue is selected for
removal.

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VI. Resources required (Additional):

Sr.
No Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)
Processor (13-15), RAM-
1 Computer System 2GB and above (As per
need of OS) As per batch For all
Unix/Linux/Ubuntu/any Size Experiments
2. | Operating System other open sources
operating system

IX. Resources used (Additional):

Sr. Name of Resource Broad Specification Quantity Remarks (If any)

1 Computer System

2. | Operating System

X. Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.

Page Reference Stream:
12 3 2 1 5 2 1 6 2 5 6 3 1 3 6 1:2 4 =3
Note: Attach the code at the end.

XI. Result (Output of Code):

XII. Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teacher must design
more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. State the advantages and disadvantages of FIFO.
2. What is page hit?
3. What is page fault?
4. Count number of page hits in above mention example given in section X

(Space for answer)

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XII. Exercise:
1 Consider the reference string 9,7,6,1,7,6,1,2,7,2 the number of frames in the
memory is 3. Find out the number of page faults and page hit respective to
1. FIFO Page replacement algorithm
2. Optimal Page replacement algorithm
3. LRU Page replacement algorithm
2 Compare FIFO and LRU.

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XIV. References/ Suggestions for Further Reading

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
2. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
3. https://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/unix/

XV. Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related (35 Marks) 70%
1. | Logic formation 30%
2. | Debugging ability 30%
3. | Follow ethical practices 10%
Product related (15 Marks) 30%
4. | Expected output 10%
5. Timely Submission 10%
6. Answer to sample questions 10%
Total (50 Marks) 100%

List of Students /Team Members

Lecce
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2. icc eece eect eee ene eeeeeeeaeenaeeeeneees
Boece cece eee cece eee e eens eeaeenaeenees

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Teacher
Process
Related(35) Product Related(15) Total(50)

Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education 96

 List Of Laboratory Manuals Developed by MSBTE
First Semester:

Fundamentals of ICT 22001 16 Digital Communication Systems 22428

22443
akwNnN—

English 22101 17 Mechanical Engineering Measurments

English Work Book 22101 18 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery 22445
Basic Science (Chemistry) 22102 19 Fundamentals Of Mechatronics 22048
Basic Science (Physics) 22102
Fifth Semester:
Second Semester:
Design of Steel and RCC Structures 22502

OANODNARWN=
Bussiness Communication Using Computers 22009 Public Health Engineering 22504
OONOARWN =

Computer Peripherals & Hardware Maintenace 22013 Heat Transfer Operation 22510
Web Page Design with HTML 22014 Environmental Technology 22511
Applied Science (Chemistry) 22202 Operating Systems 22516
Applied Science (Physics) 22202 Advanced Java Programming 22517
Applied Machines 22203 Software Testing 22518
Basic Surveying 22205 Control Systems and PLC’s 22531
Applied Science (Chemistry) 22211 Embedded Systems 22532
Applied Science (Physics) 22211 Mobile and Wireless Communication 22533
10 Fundamental of Electrical Engineering 22212 Industrial Machines 22523
11 Elements of Electronics 22213 Switchgear and Protection 22524
12 Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215 Energy Conservation and Audit 22525
13 Basic Electronics 22216 Power Engineering and Refrigeration 22562
14 ‘C’ programming Language 22218 Solid Modeling and Additive Manufacturing 22053
15 Basic Electronics 22225 Guidelines & Assessment Manual for 22057
16 Programming in “C” 22226 Micro Projects & Industrial Training
17 Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering 22231 Sixth Semester:
Third Semester: Solid Modeling 17063
Highway Engineering 17602
OONDOORWN—

Applied Multimedia Techniques 22024

Contracts & Accounts 17603
OONODOARWN—=

Advanced Serveying 22301 Design of R.C.C. Structures 17604

Highway Engineering 22302 Industrial Fluid Power 17608
Mechanics of Structures 22303 Design of Machine Elements 17610
Building Construction 22304 Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems 17617
Concrete Technology 22305 Vehicle Systems Maintenance 17618
Strength Of Materials 22306 Software Testing 17624
Automobile Engines 22308 Advanced Java Programming 17625
Automobile Transmission System 22309 Mobile Computing 17632
10 Mechanical Operations 22313 System Programing 17634
11. Technology Of Inorganic Chemicals 22314 Testing & Maintenance of Electrical Equipments 17637
12 Object Oriented Programming Using C++ 22316 Power Electronics 17638
13 Data Structure Using ‘C’ 22317 Illumination Engineering 17639
14. Computer Graphics 22318 Power System Operation & Control 17643
Environmental Technology 17646
15 Database Management System 22319
Mass Transfer Operation 17648
16 Digital Techniques 22320
Advanced Communication System 17656
17 Principles Of Database 22321 Mobile Communication 17657
18 Digital Techniques & Microprocessor 22323 Embedded System 17658
19 Electrical Circuits 22324 Process Control System 17663
20 Electrical & Electronic Measurment 22325 Industrial Automation 17664
21 Fundamental Of Power Electronics 22326 Industrial Drives 17667
22 Electrical Materials & Wiring Practice 22328 Video Engineering 17668
23 Applied Electronics 22329 Optical Fiber & Mobile Communication 17669
24 Electrical Circuits & Networks 22330 Therapeutic Equipment 17671
25 Electronic Measurments & Instrumentation 22333 Intensive Care Equipment 17672
26 Principles Of Electronics Communication 22334 Medical Imaging Equipment 17673
27 Thermal Engineering 22337
28 Engineering Matrology 22342 Pharmacy Lab Manual
29 Mechanical Engineering Materials 22343 First Year:
30 Theory Of Machines 22344
Pharmaceutics - | 0805
Fourth Semester:
akwon—

Pharmaceutical Chemistry - | 0806

Pharmacognosy 0807
Hydraulics 22401
0808
OONOOaARWN —

Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology

Geo Technical Engineering 22404 Human Anatomy and Physiology 0809
Chemical Process Instrumentation & Control 22407
Fluid Flow Operation 22409 Second Year:
Technology Of Organic Chemicals 22410 1
Java Programming 22412 Pharmaceutics - II 0811
GUI Application Development Using VB.net 22034 2 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - II 0812
3 Pharmacology & Toxicology 0813
Microprocessor 22415 4 Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy 0816
Database Managment 22416
10 Electric Motors And Transformers 22418
11 Industrial Measurements 22420
12 Digital Electronics And Microcontroller Applications 22421
13 Linear Integrated Circuits 22423
14 Microcontroller & Applications 22426
15 Basic Power Electronics 22427
 HEAD OFFICE

Secretary,
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education
49, Kherwadi, Bandra (East), Mumbai - 400 051
Maharashtra (INDIA)
Tel: (022)26471255 (5 -lines)
Fax: 022 - 26473980
Email: [email protected]
Web -www.msbte.org.in

REGIONAL OFFICES:

MUMBAI PUNE
Deputy Secretary (T), Deputy Secretary (T),
Mumbai Sub-region, M.S. Board of Technical Education,

2" Floor, Govt. Polytechnic Building, Regional Office,

49, Kherwadi, Bandra (East) 412-E, Bahirat Patil Chowk,

Mumbai - 400 051 Shivaji Nagar, Pune

Phone: 022-26473253 / 54 Phone: 020-25656994 / 25660319

Fax: 022-26478795 Fax: 020-25656994
Email: [email protected] Email: rotepn @msbte.com

NAGPUR AURANGABAD
Deputy Secretary (T), Deputy Secretary (T),
M.S. Board of Technical Education M.S. Board of Technical Education,

Regional Office, Regional Office,

Mangalwari Bazar, Sadar, Nagpur - 440 001 Osmanpura, Aurangabad -431 001.

Phone: 0712-2564836 / 2562223 Phone: 0240-2334025 / 2331273

Fax: 0712-2560350 Fax: 0240-2349669

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]