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Engineering Thermodynamics-Ii: CH - 4 - Part-2: ENTROPY

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18 views

Engineering Thermodynamics-Ii: CH - 4 - Part-2: ENTROPY

Uploaded by

hardi.m.rasul
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University of Salahaddin- Hawler - College of Engineering

Chemical and Petrochemical Department

ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS-II

Ch_4_Part-2: ENTROPY

By: Hardi A. Siwaily


M.Sc. Mechanical Engineering- Thermal Power. Contact: [email protected]
Examples
1/ An iron cube at a temperature of 400°C is dropped into an insulated bath containing 10 kg water at 25°C. The water finally
reaches a temperature of 50°C at steady state. And the system then will be decreased to its minimum value of temperature of zero,
Given that the specific heat of water is equal to 4186 J/kg K. Find the entropy at each state and entropy changes for the iron cube and
the water. Is the process reversible ? If so why ?

Temperature of iron cube = 400°C = 673 K


Temperature of water = 25°C = 298 K
Mass of water = 10 kg
Temperature of water and cube after equilibrium = 50°C = 323 K
Specific heat of water, cpw = 4186 J/kg K

Entropy changes for the iron cube and the water : Is the process reversible ?
Now, Heat lost by iron cube = Heat gained by water

Salahaddin University- Hawler/ College of Engineering. Engineering Thermodynamics By: Hardi A. Siwaily 1
Examples

Salahaddin University- Hawler/ College of Engineering. Engineering Thermodynamics By: Hardi A. Siwaily 2
Examples
2/ Air (as a perfect gas) at 20°C and 1.05 bar filled 0.025 m3container. The air is heated at constant volume until the
pressure is 4.5 bar, and then cooled at constant pressure back to original temperature.
Calculate :
(i) The net heat flow from the air.
(ii) The net entropy change.
Sketch the process on T-s diagram.
Take: cv = 0.718 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾, cp = 1.005 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 and
R = 0.287 k𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
Solution. The processes are shown on a T-s diagram in Fig.1.
Fig. 1

Salahaddin University- Hawler/ College of Engineering. Engineering Thermodynamics By: Hardi A. Siwaily 3
(i) Net heat flow : For a perfect gas (corresponding to point 1 of air),

For a perfect gas at constant volume,

At constant volume,

Also, at constant pressure,

∴ Net heat flow


Heat rejected = 8.62 kJ. (Ans.)
Salahaddin University- Hawler/ College of Engineering. Engineering Thermodynamics By: Hardi A. Siwaily 4
(ii) Net entropy change :

Referring to Fig.1. Net decrease in entropy,


At constant pressure,

At constant volume,

Salahaddin University- Hawler/ College of Engineering. Engineering Thermodynamics By: Hardi A. Siwaily 5
Home Works
1/ Air at 15°C and 1.05 bar occupies 0.02 m3. The air is heated at constant volume until the pressure is 4.2 bar, and then
cooled at constant pressure back to the original temperature. Calculate the net heat flow to or from the air and the net
entropy change. Sketch the process on a T-s diagram.

2/ 0.05 kg of carbon dioxide (molecular weight = 44) is compressed from 1 bar, 15°C, until the pressure is 8.3 bar, and
the volume is then 0.004 m3. Calculate the change of entropy. Take cp for carbon dioxide as 0.88 kJ/kg K, and assume
carbon dioxide to be a perfect gas.

3/ 1 m3 of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from 15°C to 300°C, and is then cooled reversibly at constant
volume back to the initial temperature. The initial pressure is 1.03 bar. Calculate the net heat flow and overall change of
entropy, and sketch the process on a T-s diagram.

Salahaddin University- Hawler/ College of Engineering. Engineering Thermodynamics By: Hardi A. Siwaily 6
End of lecture

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