COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY:

EMERGING CHALLENGES AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Ms. Sheetal Kempannavar1, Ms. Uzma Farheen2, Dr Anitha D’Souza3,

BCA Student BCA Student Assistant professor
Department of Computer Department of Computer Department of Computer
Application Application Application
Presidency College, Bangalore, Presidency College, Bangalore, Presidency College, Bangalore,
India India India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
+9490594318 +8197931131 +9986047061
ABSTRACT
The Twenty-first century is the connected and a
possibilities for development and innovation. The
fast-developing century in wireless
rise of first-generation (1G) networks and the
communication technology advanced in upcoming
current fifth-generation innovations have been
years. After the event of 4G remote innovation
accompanied by an exponential increase in
businesses started to investigate the advancement
wireless technology.
into innovation towards 5G due significant
Keywords: 5G, wireless technology, connectivity,
necessities, for example, expanded information
IoT, network slicing, digital transformation,
rates, expanded limit, low latency and further
telecommunications.
developed QoS (quality of services).
To secure this the Fifth-age (5G) remote INTRODUCTION
innovation is developed, which incorporates 5G is the fifth-generation wireless cellular system.
improved admittance advancements like BDMA It is another worldwide remote organization after
(Beam Division multiple Access) and FBMC 1G, 2G,3G, and 4G organizations. 5G empowers
(filter bank multi-carrier multiple access), which another sort of organization that is intended to
replaces fourth era (4G) remote innovation. 5G essentially interface everybody and all that
won't just be quicker than other cell organization, together including machines, objects, and
yet it will likewise can possibly reform different devices.5G remote innovation is intended to
areas like assembling, auto, medical care, and convey higher multi-Gbps high information
energy. It will permit the change from wired to speeds, low latency, greater reliability, huge
remote network in a large number of modern organization limit, expanded accessibility.
conditions with better functionalities. 5G isn't worked by any organization yet there are
This paper describes 5G, its capabilities, and its a few organizations inside the versatile biological
application in various aspects of technology and system that are adding to bring 5G. 3GPP (third
their emerging trends. The emergence of 5G generation partnership program) is driving
networks brings in a new era of connectivity in the numerous fundamental creations across all parts of
constantly changing wireless communication 5G plan, from the air point of interaction to the
landscape, marked by unparalleled data speeds, help layer. Involving the past ages network 5G
reduced latency, and improved quality of service assemble new innovations and elements with
(QoS). It increases smart device usage, advance speed and low latency.
multimedia apps, and wireless data consumption,
the move from 4G LTE networks to 5G networks
promises to solve growing issues and open up
countless
 is employed with success. But it has shortcomings
in certain situations. While the other waveform
formats that exist are Filter Bank Multi-Carrier,
Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing,
UFMC, Universal Filtered Multicarrier, and
FBMC. OFDMA appears to be the most likely
format. Massive MIMO equipped with beam steer
MIMO antennas are fairly limited and accurate,
despite being used in a variety of applications,
including Wi-Fi and LTE.

Benefits of 5G Technology Over 4G:

Figure 1:Features of 5G Faster Data Rates: 5G offers significantly faster
data speeds compared to previous generations,
enabling faster downloads and uploads.
5G is operating on: Orthogonal frequency-division
 Low Latency: 5G technology reduces
multiplexing (OFDM), a technique that modulates
latency, the delay between sending and
a digital transmission across many channels to
receiving data, to extremely low levels.
lessen network interference. 5G employs OFDM
 Increased capacity:5G networks can
concepts in addition to the 5G NR air interface.
accommodate more connected devices per
Wider bandwidth technologies like millimetre
unit area, making them suitable for the
Wave and sub-6 GHz are also used by 5G.
growing Internet of Things (IoT)
Network design has advanced for a variety of
ecosystem.
networks with the arrival of 5G technology. The
 Improved connectivity: The use of
new antennas use huge MIMO (multiple inputs,
advanced technologies such as
multiple outputs) technologies, which enable
beamforming and massive MIMO
many transmitters and receivers to send massive
(multiple input, multiple output) improves
amounts of data simultaneously in 5G. It uses
signal strength and connectivity even in
automation with machine learning (ML) to
crowded and densely populated urban
improve digital experiences. The need for
areas.
response times in the fractions of a second (for
 Transforming industries: 5G is expected to
self-driving cars, for instance) forces 5G networks
play a key role in transforming various
to automate processes using machine learning
industries such as healthcare,
(ML) and eventually deep learning (DL) and
manufacturing, transportation, and
artificial intelligence (AI).
agriculture. This opens opportunities for
remote surgery, smart factories, self-
Millimetre-Wave communications are available
driving cars, and precision agriculture.
with 5G technology. These are frequencies that are
much higher in the frequency range, enabling the
Challenges to 5G Technology:
user to utilize a large channel bandwidth of up to 2
 Infrastructure Requirements:
GHz and a number of new spectrums. In general,
Implementing 5G networks requires a
5G has maximum frequencies and bandwidths of
major overhaul of the infrastructure,
roughly 2 GHz and 10–20 MHz, respectively.
including the deployment of large numbers
Since these frequencies cannot travel very far,
of small cells and antennas. This can be
they provide significant hurdles for 5G in terms of
time consuming, expensive, and subject to
technology, circuit design, and system usage. In
regulatory challenges.
4G LTE and other high data rate systems, OFDM
  Range and Coverage Limitations: The high Each generation builds development for its
frequency bands used in 5G have short forerunners, driving mechanical advance and
wavelengths, which limits the coverage forming the way we live, work, and communicate.
Each generation contains its functionality and
area and reduces the intrusion of obstacles
technology.
such as buildings.
 Compatibility issues: 5G devices may not
be backward compatible with older
networks, so users must update their VACCUM TUBES

devices to fully access the new technology. (1ST G)

This transition can be difficult for users

UPCOMING
with existing devices. TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
(2ND G)
6TH G
 Potential Health Concerns: Although
scientific studies have not demonstrated
GENERATIONS
definitive adverse health effects, some OF TECHNOLOGY

people may be concerned about exposure

to radio frequency (RF) radiation THINKING
POWER IC (3RD G)

associated with 5G technology. has (5TH G)

expressed concern about the increase. PERSONAL

 Security Challenges: With the proliferation COMPUTER
(4TH G)
of connected devices and increased
reliance on 5G for critical applications, the
Figure 3:Generations of Technology
risk of cyber threats is increasing.
Ensuring robust security measures is
important to protect your users and critical
infrastructure.
1G (1940s-1950s)
First generation is the time of vacuum tube
Dual Connectivity and
Massive MIMO computers. Cases incorporate ENIAC (Electronic
5G Core (5GC) (Multiple Input,
Carrier Aggregation
Multiple Output): Numerical Integrator and Computer) and
UNIVAC I.
First-generation innovation ordinarily alludes to
Beamforming
Technology
Multi-Access Edge
Computing (MEC)
Narrowband-IoT (NB-
IoT) and LTE
the most punctual usage or cycles of a specific
innovation. These are regularly characterized by
fundamental usefulness, constrained usage. For
Network Function reference, the 1G technology of computers, which
Virtualization (NFV) Millimeter Wave Radio Access Network
and Software-Defined (mmWave): (RAN) developed within the mid-20th century, were
Networking (SDN)
huge, costly machines that depended on vacuum
tubes and punched cards for preparing.
First generation technologies typically provide
Figure 2:Components of 5G
basic features and functionality. These
technologies can be inefficient in terms of energy
LITERATURE REVIEW consumption, processing speed, or performance.
These generation technologies are typically only
Generally, the concept of innovative generations accessible to a small number of users or
gives a system for understanding the aggregate organizations due to their high cost and
movement of human development and the complexity like it is mostly used for military
transformative effect of innovation on society, purposes.
economy, and culture.

2G(1950s-1960s)
Second generation technologies build on the defined set of innovations. It could include
foundations of first-generation innovations and advances in areas such as artificial intelligence,
often offer significant improvements in nanotechnology, biotechnology, quantum
performance, efficiency, and ease of use. For computing, and renewable energy.
example, the transition from vacuum tubes to Headways in organizing and the web.
transistor computers characterized the second Expansion of versatile computing and the World
generation of computers, leading to smaller, faster, Wide Web.
and more reliable systems. Move to transistor- Rise of mixed media innovations and advanced
based computers, driving to littler, speedier, and communication.
more solid machines. Presentation of high-level Cases incorporate smartphones, cloud computing,
programming dialects like FORTRAN and and social media stages.
COBOL. Cases incorporate IBM 7000
arrangement and DEC PDP arrangement came
into existence. APPLICATIONS OF 5G
5G technology is being used across a variety of
3G(1960s-1970s) industries thanks to its enhanced capabilities,
including high-speed data transmission, low
Third generation technologies represent further
latency, and increased device connectivity.
advances, typically driven by major breakthroughs
or paradigm shifts. In computer science, the  Telecommunications and mobile networks:
development of integrated circuits (ICs) in the 5G is the next evolution of mobile
1960s and 1970s ushered in a third generation, networks, bringing faster data speeds,
allowing for further miniaturization, speed, and improved network capacity, and lower cost
cost efficiency. Appropriation of coordinates mobile communications.
circuits (ICs) and semiconductor innovation.  Internet of Things (IoT): 5G supports the
Advancement of working frameworks and time- massive connectivity requirements of IoT,
sharing frameworks. enabling the deployment of smart sensors,
Presentation of mini-computers and the starting of devices and systems in areas such as smart
individual computing. cities, agriculture and Industrial IoT.
Illustrations incorporate IBM System/360 and  Healthcare: In healthcare, 5G facilitates
DEC VAX arrangement in this generation. remote patient monitoring, remote
treatment, and exchange of large medical
data sets, thereby contributing to improved
health care services.
4G(1970s-1980s)
 Automobiles and autonomous vehicles: 5G
Fourth generation technology involves the enables real-time communication between
convergence of different technologies or the vehicles and infrastructure, contributing to
emergence of entirely new paradigms. For the development and deployment of
example, the fourth generation of computers connected and autonomous vehicles.
introduced personal computers, graphical user
interfaces (GUIs), and networking technologies.  Smart Cities: 5G is the key enabler of
Development of chip and microcomputers. smart city initiatives, enabling real-time
communication between sensors, devices
Popularization of individual computers (PCs) and
and infrastructure for applications. uses
domestic computing.
such as traffic management, waste
Presentation of graphical client interfacing (GUIs) management and public safety.
and the mouse.
Cases incorporate Apple II, IBM PC, and  Manufacturing and Industry 4.0: 5G plays
Commodore 64. a key role in smart manufacturing,
supporting high-speed, low-latency
5G(1980s-present) communication for real-time monitoring
fifth generation technology are more fluid and and control of industrial processes,
speculative, often referring to emerging trends or automation and robotics.
anticipated developments rather than a clearly
 TELECOMM
U-NICATION
EDUCATION MANUFACTURING

AGRICULTURE
AND
INDUSTRY
 Education: 5G enhances remote teaching 4.0

and online learning experiences by TRAVEL

HEALTHCAR
delivering high-speed data transmission AND

5G
E
HOSPITALIT
EDUCATION
and low latency for virtual classrooms, live Y

streaming, and online interactive content .

INTERNET APPLICATIONS SMART
CITIES
 Media and Entertainment: 5G supports OF THINGS

high-quality, low-latency streaming for ENERGY

RETAIL

media and entertainment services, AUTOMOBILES

UTILITIES
PUBLIC
including gaming, augmented reality (AR), SAFETY

and reality experiences virtual (VR).

 Agriculture: In agriculture, 5G supports
precision agriculture by enabling real-time
monitoring of crops, soil conditions and Figure 4:Application of 5G
equipment, thereby optimizing farming
practices. Financial Services: 5G can
improve the speed and security of financial METHODOLOGY
transactions, improve data processing A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON
capabilities, and enable innovative
financial technologies. 5G
 Retail: Retailers can leverage 5G to Exploring Perceptions and Attitudes towards 5G
improve customer experiences, including Technology: A Comprehensive Survey Analysis
augmented reality shopping, inventory Our research aimed to investigate perceptions and
management and real-time data analytics. attitudes towards 5G technology through a
comprehensive survey. The goal of the study was
 Energy and Utilities: 5G supports the to investigate numerous aspects of 5G adoption,
development of smart grids and enables
such as its alleged advantages, associated risks,
real-time monitoring and control of energy
infrastructure, helping to improve and possible effects on people and enterprises.
efficiency and sustainability. Our poll sought to advance knowledge of the
societal implications and adoption patterns related
 Public Safety and Emergency Services: 5G to 5G technology by collecting insights from a
enables real-time communications for first wide range of respondents.
responders and emergency services,
improving situational awareness and
response capabilities.
 Travel and Hospitality: 5G can improve
connectivity and digital experiences for
travellers, including smart transportation,
connected airports and personalized
services.
 Supply chain and logistics: 5G enables
real-time tracking and monitoring of goods
in the supply chain, improving efficiency,
visibility and responsiveness. The Analysis:
deployment of 5G technology in these
sectors increases efficiency, innovation and 87.5% of respondents reported using 5G-enabled
connectivity, driving transformational devices or having access to 5G networks, while
changes in the way industries operate and 12.5% indicated otherwise. This highlight
deliver services. widespread adoption of 5G technology. Further
investigation into the minority group's reasons
could reveal barriers to adoption. Overall, the
results highlight how important 5G is becoming
in today's digital environment.
Analysis:

78.6% of respondents believe that data transfer

speeds on 5G networks are faster compared to 4G Analysis:
or other networks, while 14.37% disagree. The
remaining are unsure. These results confirm the 64.3% of respondents believe that 5G radiation
prevalent belief that 5G offers faster speeds. may pose a threat to bird migration patterns and
Overall, the results highlight the perceived behavior, while 35.7% are unsure. These results
advancements and benefits associated with highlight respondents' serious concerns about how
5G networks in terms of data transfer speeds. 5G technology can affect bird populations.
Overall, the findings emphasize how crucial it is
to take environmental factors into account when
deploying and growing 5G networks.

Analysis: Analysis:

35.7% of respondents reported a significant 42.9% of respondents anticipate enhanced IoT

improvement in their lives due to 5G technology, capabilities, while 28.6% expect increased
while 42.9% noted a somewhat improved connectivity and productivity. Additionally,
experience. However, 21.4% stated no noticeable 21.4% foresee improved customer experiences.
change. These results imply that opinions on the 7.1% specified other anticipated impacts. These
benefits of 5G adoption are divided, with some results demonstrate the wide range of
observing significant improvements and others predictions for how 5G technology will
seeing little to no change. Additional investigation revolutionize corporate operations. All things
into particular areas of enhancement or lack considered, the outcomes highlight how
thereof—may yield more profound understandings important 5G is to changing the business
of the revolutionary possibilities of 5G technology environment.
on people's lives.
Analysis:

50% of respondents predict faster multiplayer Analysis:

gaming experiences with 5G, while 42.9% expect
enhanced virtual reality (VR) and augmented All respondents who indicated they do not
reality (AR) experiences. Additionally, 7.1% currently have access to 5G technology on their
specified other anticipated impacts, such as mobile devices expressed openness to adopting
advancements in game streaming services. These 5G networks in the future. This unanimous
results show that there are a range of expectations response indicates a strong desire to accept the
regarding how 5G will affect the gaming business, expected advantages of 5G when it becomes
with quicker and more immersive gaming being accessible.
the main benefits that are expected.
The below analysis that is provided below is a
useful resource that offers information on how 5G
technology is being used and how it is affecting
various industries.

ANALYSIS ON USAGE OF 5G IN
VARIOUS SECTORS

Analysis:

78.6% of respondents believe that 5G technology

will lead to significant advancements in healthcare
services, while the rest either disagree or are
unsure. These results highlight respondents
general optimism about 5G's revolutionary
potential to change
healthcare delivery.

Figure 5:Analysis of 5G between sectors

Healthcare: 13%
This percentage indicates a moderate but notable
presence of 5G technology in the healthcare
sector. Through the use of cutting-edge 5G technology is being adopted slowly but is
technologies like telemedicine, remote patient starting to gain traction. It allows for faster
monitoring, and real-time data analytics, the transactions and better cybersecurity for better
application of 5G in healthcare is anticipated to service delivery.
transform medical services and enhance patient
care. Public safety:4%
5G is being used modestly but significantly in
Retail:8% public safety projects to improve communication
The use of 5G in retail is expected to change and emergency response.
operations through automated inventory,
augmented reality shopping, and targeted Others: 7%
marketing. 5G is expected to improve customer Broad application of 5G technology in a variety of
engagement and increase efficiency as it spreads industries outside of the ones above, catering to
throughout retail. specific needs and uses.

Media and Entertainment: 6% RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The prominent presence of 5G technology in this The above two survey and analysis shows the
industry is anticipated to transform content usage of 5G in two aspects. In the first survey the
delivery through immersive gaming, high- present scenario of 5G technology is shown as it
definition streaming, and improved VR/AR has high speed, low latency, high coverage and in
experiences. second survey the usage of 5G is shown in various
sectors. The result validates the expected
Mining: 4% advantages of 5G technology with increased
Use of 5G in mining is still limited but is growing. coverage, better network performance, and better
Benefits like increased safety and operational user experience. The fact that 5G has been
efficiency with applications like real-time successfully implemented in real-world settings
monitoring and driverless cars are anticipated. shows how revolutionary it may be for a number
Transport/Automotive, Logistics: 17% of industries, including consumer apps and
Notable presence of 5G in this industry. Real-time industrial IoT. Ongoing endeavours are necessary,
fleet management and driverless cars are two nonetheless, to tackle security issues and
anticipated advantages that will transform guarantee a smooth rollout of 5G technology
transportation. worldwide.

Manufacturing: 11% CONCLUSION

Widespread use of 5G in manufacturing. Permits
real-time monitoring and smart factories for The survey findings reflect widespread adoption
increased efficiency and output. and positive perceptions of 5G technology among
respondents. Considerable progress is expected in
Campus/Enterprise-IT: 6% the fields of business, gaming, and healthcare. But
Significant 5G presence in this industry allows for there were also clear worries about the effects on
IoT integration and high-speed connectivity for the environment and health hazards. The study
improved efficiency and productivity. underscores the revolutionary potential of 5G, but
also stresses the need for additional research and
Energy and utilities:7% careful evaluation of potential difficulties. These
Significant 5G presence in this industry allows for observations can help shape future plans for
remote monitoring and smart grid management for optimizing advantages and resolving 5G-
increased dependability and efficiency. related issues and the second survey is describing
the work of 5g in various sectors which later helps
Smart Cities:10% 5G technology to improve to contribute in
A significant 5G presence allows for real-time economy.
data analytics and connected infrastructure for
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Financial services:4%
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