07/09/2024

PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION •bemused
By: Christopher Palmita, LPT
•anodyne

WHAT IS PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION?

• Bemused - marked by confusion or
•This is a 3-unit course that develops students’ bewilderment (Observing the growing
communicative competence and enhances overlap in their audiences, the National
their cultural and intercultural awareness frontman Matt Berninger has noticed
an influx of bemused fans — and way
through multimodal tasks that provide them more women)
opportunities for communicating effectively • Anodyne - capable of relieving pain (the
anodyne properties of certain drugs.)
and appropriately to a multicultural audience
in a local or global context.
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•reprise •parsimonious
•dulcet •contusion

• Reprise - a repetition of a short musical • Parsimonious - excessively unwilling to

passage (The live set reprises material spend (Pill-splitting is catching on
from this remarkable group's earlier among parsimonious prescription-
Aurora CD.) takers who want to lower costs.)
• Dulcet - pleasing to the ear • Contusion - an injury in which the skin
(Somewhere, a Bluetooth speaker was is not broken (My falling companion,
stashed away and playing the kind of being a much stouter man than myself
soft, dulcet melodies heard in did not fare so well, as his right
expensive spas.) shoulder received a severe contusion.)
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•atavism •polemical
• gadfly •malaise

• Atavism - a reappearance of an earlier • Polemical - of or involving dispute or

characteristic (Criminal atavism might controversy (His works include several
be defined as the sporadic reversion to dogmatic and polemical treatises, but
savagery in certain individuals.) the most important are the historical.)
• Gadfly - a persistently annoying person • Malaise - a feeling of mild sickness or
(Mr. Phelps is regarded here as the depression (Initially, many doctors
ultimate example of an irritating local discounted sufferers’ feelings of
gadfly.) generalized malaise as nothing more
than stress or normal fatigue.)
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What do
you know
about
language?

• Together with the creation of

human life is the creation of a
wonderful and dynamic human
capacity – language. Animals are
said to be able to communicate
with each other.
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• Whales sing, wolves howl, dogs • Linguists agree that a language

bark, and birds chirp. The sound can only be called a language if it
these creatures produce often has:
reflect the state of their emotions.  a system of rules (also
While it may be true that animals known as grammar);
communicate, only human beings
are truly capable of producing  a sound system (phonology);
language. and
 a vocabulary (lexicon).

• These are the requirements for

identifying a means of
What communication as a language.

exactly is • When language is used by

people, understanding each
LANGUAGE? other is possible because they
come from the same speech
community.
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• These are the requirements for • We call the languages we acquire

identifying a means of as we grow up as mother tongues,
communication as a language. which we also know as first
• When language is used by languages. Later on, people
discover that other languages are
people, understanding each
also essential for various reasons.
other is possible because they These languages may be referred
come from the same speech to as second languages.
community.
What language/s
do you speak?

• In this speech community, they • People learn these second

are able to understand each other languages formally in school, or
because they have the same set informally on their own. This process
of rules in the language system. is called language learning.
People acquire languages from • What happens if you, for example,
their community as they grow up. who speak a mother tongue and
English, go to work in Japan where
We call this process language the residents speak Nihongo and a
acquisition. little bit of English?
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• Will you be able to communicate with • Thus, language change is the result
the Japanese? The answer is YES. of the language contact.
Although it will be a challenge for you • Language is indeed a complex
and your Japanese friends to try to human capacity. It is, therefore,
understand each other, eventually, important to be aware of its features
you will be able to communicate as and behavior to be able to use it
you slowly learn each other’s more effectively and productively in
languages. What is happening here communicating with others.
is called language contact.

• The result of such contact may be a

new form of language. It is possible
that in your attempt to communicate
with each other, you and your
Japanese friend will produce a new
language form that is understandable
to both of you. Your own languages
may also change as you constantly
interact and communicate with each
other.
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• Communication is giving, receiving,

or exchanging ideas, information,
signals, or messages through
appropriate media, enabling
individuals or groups to persuade,
seek information, to give.

• Communication is a process by • Communication is the transfer of

which information is exchanged information from one person to
between individuals through a another, whether or not it elicits
common system of symbols, signs confidence. But the information
or behavior. transferred must be understandable
to the receiver” – G.G. Brown.
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• When people speak to other

• Communication is the intercourse cultures, sometimes language is
by words, letters or messages” - one of the barriers to
Fred G. Meyer. communicating. However, even
when people are speaking the
same language, cultural
differences may affect the way
they communicate.

• These differences may be seen in

people’s verbal and non-verbal
communication styles— the two
forms of communication
(Cox,2018).
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING
TO MODE
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1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION – a •WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

form of transmitting messages – uses symbols that are hand-
using word symbols representing written or printed with an
ideas and objects. It comes in electronic device
two forms:

• ORAL COMMUNICATION – Factors that affect verbal

includes face-to-face interaction, communication:
speaking to someone on the
phone, participating in meetings, • Tone of voice
delivering speeches in programs, • Use of descriptive words
giving lectures or discussions
• Emphasis on certain
phrases
• Volume of voice
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2. NON-VERBAL 3. VISUAL COMMUNICATION – is

COMMUNICATION – a form of a communication type that uses
communication that refers to the images to transfer messages
sending of messages to another and/or information.
person using methods or means Example: symbols, signs, charts,
other than the spoken language. It diagrams, maps, graphs, imagery,
is communication without the use of photos, pictograms, and
words. illustrations/drawings

NON-VERBAL CUES – may both

be intentional and unintentional
and is categorized into two
(2)categories:
• Non-verbal cues produced by the
body TYPES OF
• Non-verbal messages produced
by the broad setting such as time,
COMMUNICATION
space, and silence. ACCORDING
TO CONTEXT
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Speaker A: Hi! I am Dasha Santos. And you are?

1. Intrapersonal Communication – Speaker B: Oh, I am Tricia Gomez. I’m glad to meet you. How do
you know the bride?
means talking to oneself. Some label Speaker A: We’re cousins. Our moms are sisters.
it as inner dialogue, inner How about you?
Speaker B: We were classmates in high school. I
monologue, or self-talk. never knew anything personal about her so we were surprised to
receive an invitation from her. She has always been very private.
Example: You ask yourself if you
Speaker A: I see. She’s been like that since we were kids. She has
want to do it or not. always been a very quiet person.
The Latin prefix
intra- means within
or inside.

2. Interpersonal Communication – 3. Extended Communication –

refers to communication between two involves the use of electronic media.
or more people. It involves the Example: phone conferencing, video
exchange of messages, ideas, and conferencing, Skype calls, and other
information between individuals. technological means.

The Latin prefix

inter- means
between, among, or
together.
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4. Organizational Communication –
is the sending and receiving of
messages among interrelated
individuals within a particular
environment or setting to achieve
individual and common goals.

Four Approaches in Organizational Four Approaches in Organizational

Communication: Communication:
A. Downward communication – flows from upper to B. Upward communication – message
lower positions, that is, from the president to a transmission is bottom-up, where subordinates
manager or supervisor or a manager to an ordinary communicate to their superiors bearing their
staff. The communication flow is top-down or from views/feedback on organizational policies,
superior to a subordinate and usually asks certain issues related to their jobs, and the like.
individuals to perform a specific task.
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Four Approaches in Organizational Four Approaches in Organizational

Communication: Communication:
C. Horizontal communication – has a lateral D. Crosswise communication – is diagonal in
approach because it takes place among nature because employees from different
people from the same level but from different units/departments that work at various levels
departments/units to facilitate performance of communicate with each other.
tasks through proper coordination.
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Example:
• Australians consider eye contact as vital in
evaluating how sincere a person is.
• Meanwhile, for Indians, it is considered
inappropriate to look straight into the eyes
of a person while talking. This does not,
however, mean that they are dishonest or
insincere.

5. Intercultural Communication – • Moreover, Indians see hand waving from side to

side as no or go away while it means hello
it is communication between or among Westerners.
among people having different • For Filipinos, twitching of the lips means referring
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, to something/someone.
and professional backgrounds. • When people from other cultures see this, it may
be taken to mean as an action of “seduction”.
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2. Informal Communication – does

not apply formal language. It
involves personal and usual
conversations with family members,
friends, or acquaintances about
TYPES OF anything of interest to them.

COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING
TO PURPOSE AND STYLE

1. Formal Communication – 2. Informal Communication –

employs formal language that is The mode may be oral as in face-to-
delivered either orally or in written face, ordinary or everyday
form. Lectures, research, and project conversations and phone calls, or
proposals, public talks/speeches, written like in emails, letters, personal
business letters, and reports. The notes, or text messages. The
main objective of this type of purpose of this type of
communication is to inform, entertain, communication is simply to socialize
and persuade.
and deepen relationships.
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Instruction: Choose two cultures from among the

ASEAN countries and differentiate some of their
nonverbal messages. Get a partner and share at least
three differences in the identified nonverbal codes.
VERACIOUS PELLUCID ACCOLADE
– truthful, – easily seen – a formal
honest through expression of
(He has a praise.
reputation for (The pellucid
being waters that lap (He received
veracious, so upon that the highest
people island’s accolade of his
generally take beaches.) profession.)
his word for
things.)

Lesson 3: TRADUCE ZEALOT JOCUND

– to expose by – one who is
– marked by
Communication
means of intensely and
falsehood and excessively high spirits or
misrepresentati devoted to a good humor.
Elements, Processes, on. cause.
(A law that (Zealots on both (Old friends
traduces one of sides of the engaged in
Principles and our most
cherished
issue resorted
to name-calling
and scare
jocund
teasing.)
rights: the right
Ethics to privacy.) tactics.)
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OBLOQUY ACME PUSILLANIMOUS

– harsh insulting
language.
– the highest – lacking in ELEMENTS
part or point. courage, strength,
(Unable to
mount a rational
(The acme of and resolution. OF
defense of her
position, she
their basketball
season was
(Pusillanimous
politicians who COMMUNICATION
unleashed a their hard-won vote according to
torrent of victory over whichever way the
obloquy on her last year’s political wind is
opponent.) state champs.) blowing. )

• The elements of the communication

EFFULGENCE process involve a sender, receiver,
- the quality of message, channel, and feedback. In
being bright
and sending the process, however, one may
out rays of
light.
encounter other factors such as
(The exceptional interference or “noise’
effulgence of
the harvest
moon is always
a striking sight.)
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that may distort the message or fail the •Example: Ana shares a story to
process and an “adjustment” that is her friend Jessica. Ana is the
required to perform to solve or remove sender.
the barrier for effective communication.
Below are the elements of the
communication process:

1) SENDER/ENCODER 2) MESSAGE
The subject matter of the communication.
The person who sends his ideas to This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings,
another person. The sender intends views, orders, suggestions, guidelines,
to convey the message to pass orders, or any content which is intended
information and ideas to others. to be communicated. Example: The
content of the letter sent.
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3) ENCODING
Example: The student presents
The process of converting the idea,
thinking, or any other component of the his report to the class through
message into symbols, words, actions, Power point presentation.
diagrams etc. Conversion of subject
matter into these symbols is the process
of encoding. Example: The message is
connected in words and actions.

4) MEDIUM 5) DECODING
Also called the channel, the medium is the The channel is that which is
means by which a message is transmitted. responsible for the delivery of the
Text messages, for example, are transmitted chosen message form. Example: post
through the medium of cell phones. office, internet, radio.
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6) RECEIVER 8. NOISE
The person to whom the message It is a hindrance in the process of
has been sent. Example: The communication. It can take place
teacher to his/her students at any step in the entire process.
It reduces the accuracy of
communication.

7) FEEDBACK Example:
It is the response by the receiver. • Disturbance in the telephone lines
It marks the completion of the • An inattentive receiver
communication process. • Improper decoding of message etc.