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Electrical Load Calc-1

Electrical load calculation

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Muhammad Nafiu
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14 views

Electrical Load Calc-1

Electrical load calculation

Uploaded by

Muhammad Nafiu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECRICAL LOAD CALCULATION

RESIDENCIAL LOAD CALCULATION:

Calculating electrical load for residential consumers involves determining the total
power requirements of all appliances, lighting, and equipment. Here's a step-by-
step guide:

Load Calculation Methods:

1. Manual Calculation: Estimate load based on appliance ratings and usage


patterns.

2. Load Calculation Software: Utilize software like ETAP, SKM, or Load Calc.

Step-by-Step Manual Calculation:

1. Identify appliances and equipment:

- Lighting (watts)

- Refrigerator (watts)

- Air conditioner (BTU or watts)

- Heating (watts or BTU)

- Water heater (watts)

- Electric range/oven (watts)

- Dishwasher (watts)

- Clothes washer/dryer (watts)


- TVs, computers, and other electronics (watts)

- Miscellaneous appliances (watts)

2. Determine usage patterns:

- Hours of operation per day

- Frequency of use

3. Calculate connected load (CL):

- CL = sum of all appliance ratings (watts)

4. Calculate demand load (DL):

- DL = CL x diversity factor (DF)

- DF: 0.5-0.8 (residential), depending on usage patterns

5. Calculate peak load (PL):

- PL = DL x peak factor (PF)

- PF: 1.2-1.5 (residential), depending on peak usage

Load Calculation Formula:

Connected Load (CL) = ∑ (Appliance Rating x Number of Units)

Demand Load (DL) = CL x Diversity Factor (DF)

Peak Load (PL) = DL x Peak Factor (PF)


Example:

Assume a residential consumer with:

- 10 LED lights (9W each)

- 1 refrigerator (200W)

- 1 air conditioner (5000 BTU ≈ 1465W)

- 1 electric range/oven (3000W)

- 1 TV (200W)

- Miscellaneous appliances (500W)

Connected Load (CL) = 10 x 9 + 200 + 1465 + 3000 + 200 + 500 = 6384W

Demand Load (DL) = 6384 x 0.6 (DF) = 3830W

Peak Load (PL) = 3830 x 1.3 (PF) = 4980W

INDUSTRIAL LOAD CALCULATION:

Calculating electrical load for industrial consumers involves determining the total
power requirements of all equipment, machinery, and processes. Here's a step-by-
step guide:

Industrial Load Calculation Methods:

We have.

1. Manual Calculation: Estimate load based on equipment ratings and usage


patterns.

2. Load Calculation Software: Utilize software like ETAP, SKM, or Load Calc.
3. IEEE Standard 141-1993: Recommended Practice for Electrical Power
Distribution for Industrial Plants.

Step-by-Step Manual Calculation:

1. Identify equipment and machinery:

- Motors (HP or kW)

- Pumps (HP or kW)

- Compressors (HP or kW)

- Lighting (watts)

- Heating/cooling systems (BTU or watts)

- Welding equipment (kVA)

- Control systems (watts)

- Miscellaneous equipment (watts)

2. Determine usage patterns:

- Hours of operation per day

- Frequency of use

- Load factor (average load / peak load)

3. Calculate connected load (CL):

- CL = sum of all equipment ratings (kW or kVA)

4. Calculate demand load (DL):


- DL = CL x diversity factor (DF)

- DF: 0.5-0.8 (industrial), depending on usage patterns

5. Calculate peak load (PL):

- PL = DL x peak factor (PF)

- PF: 1.2-1.5 (industrial), depending on peak usage

Load Calculation Formula:

Connected Load (CL) = ∑ (Equipment Rating x Number of Units)

Demand Load (DL) = CL x Diversity Factor (DF)

Peak Load (PL) = DL x Peak Factor (PF)

Example:

Assume an industrial consumer with:

- 5 motors (50 HP each)

- 2 pumps (20 HP each)

- 1 compressor (100 HP)

- 500 LED lights (10W each)

- 1 welding machine (50 kVA)

SOLUTION

Connected Load (CL) = 5 x 50 + 2 x 20 + 100 + 500 x 10 + 50 = 935 kVA


Demand Load (DL) = 935 x 0.7 (DF) = 654.5 kVA

Peak Load (PL) = 654.5 x 1.3 (PF) = 851.85 kVA

Industrial Load Calculation Considerations:

- Harmonics: Consider harmonic distortion from non-linear loads.

- Power Factor: Consider power factor correction for low PF equipment.

- Voltage Drop: Consider voltage drop calculations for long cable runs.

- Safety Factors: Apply safety factors (e.g., 10-20% extra capacity).

- Energy Efficiency: Consider energy-efficient equipment and practices.

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