Table 2.

1. Inflow
Load Data
and in
Discharge
North Sulawesi
of Eachand
Hydroelectric
Gorontalo. Power
Plant.
Period Load (MW) Period Load (MW)
1
Power 316.45 r (m3/h)
Plant 13 d390.86
(m3/h) e (m3/h)
2 307.93 14 394.23
Tonsealama
3 301.5 25,20015 10,462
391.21 3,491
4
Tanggari 296.89
1 - 16 387.83
- 3,150
5 301.65 17 383.44
Tanggari
6 2
305.97 - 18 1,584
429.12 3,024
7 313.39 19 433.15
8 326.71 20 418.54
9 352.21 21 402.04
10 365.62 22 375.6
11 382.3 23 350.3
12 386.79 24 330.89
Total 8644.62

Table 3. Volume Limit of Each Hydroelectric Power Plant.

Minimum Maximum Starting

Power Plant Volume Volume Volume
(m3) (m3) (m3)

Tonsealama 1,092,433 1,137,629 1,098,459

Tanggari 1 1,101,593 1,148,569 1,107,855
Tanggari 2 1,262,070 1,349,820 1,273,770

Table 4. Discharge Limit of Each Hydroelectric Power Plant.

Maximum Minimum
Power Plant Discharge Discharge
(m3/h) (m3/h)

Tonsealama 52,349 21,283

Tanggari 1 56,700 11,970
Tanggari 2 59,040 17,914
Table 5. Maleo Gas-Fired Power System TOP Data.

Generating TOP Contract

LNG Cost Heat Rate Value
Units Cost (MMBTU
($/MMBTU) (MMBTU/MWh)
($/MWh) /24 h)

1 52.2 10 5.22
2 52.1 10 5.21
4800
3 52.3 10 5.23
4 52.3 10 5.23

Table 6. Lahendong Geothermal Power System TOP Data.

Maximum Total in Capacity

Total TOP
Units Output 24 H Factor
(MW) (MW)
(MW) (MW) (%)
1 18.5
2 19.1
3 18.4
114.9 2757.6 2300 83
4 18.9
5 20
6 20

Table. 7. Simulation Cases.

Total
Gas-Fired Geothermal
Coal-Fired
Power Power
Case Power System
System System
Generator Units
TOP TOP
Operated
Base Case 60 % No Yes
Case 1 40 % Yes Yes
Case 2 100 % No Yes
Case 3 80 % Yes Yes

Appendix A. Generating and Start Up Costs of North

Sulawesi and Gorontalo Power System Generator Units.

Generating
Start Up Cost
Units Type Cost
($)
($/MWh)
Sulut 3 Unit 1 Coal 44.05 5,000
Sulut 3 Unit 2 Coal 44.17 5,000
Sulbagut Unit 1 Coal 40.05 5,000
Sulbagut Unit 2 Coal 40.17 5,000
Amurang Unit 1 Coal 52.72 3,125
Amurang Unit 2 Coal 52.84 3,125
Amurang Unit 3 Coal 44.87 3,750
Amurang Unit 4 Coal 44.45 3,750
Anggrek Unit 1 Coal 63.12 3,000
Appendix B. Generating and Start Up Costs of North Sulawesi
and Gorontalo Power System Generator Units.

Generating
Start Up Cost
Units Type Cost
($)
($/MWh)
Anggrek Unit 2 Coal 63.24 3,000
Marisa Diesel 132.97 132.97
Bitung Unit 1 Diesel 190.30 190.30
Bitung Unit 2 Diesel 190.36 190.36
Bitung Unit 3 Diesel 190.42 190.42
Bitung Unit 4 Diesel 190.48 190.48
Bitung Unit 5 Diesel 190.54 190.54
Bitung Unit 6 Diesel 190.60 190.60
Bitung Unit 7 Diesel 190.66 419.46
Bitung Unit 8 Diesel 190.73 476.81
Bitung Unit 9 Diesel 190.79 524.66
Lopana Unit 1 Diesel 178.51 178.51
Lopana Unit 2 Diesel 178.63 178.63
Telaga Unit 1 Diesel 153.00 153.00
Telaga Unit 2 Diesel 153.06 153.06
Telaga Unit 3 Diesel 153.13 153.13
Telaga Unit 4 Diesel 153.19 153.19
Telaga Unit 5 Diesel 153.25 153.25
Telaga Unit 6 Diesel 153.31 153.31
Telaga Unit 7 Diesel 153.37 153.37
Telaga Unit 8 Diesel 153.43 153.43
Telaga Unit 9 Diesel 153.49 153.49
Telaga Unit 10 Diesel 153.55 89.06
Kotamobagu Unit 1 Diesel 219.56 65.87
Mini
Poigar Unit 1 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Poigar Unit 2 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Lobong Unit 1 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Lobong Unit 2 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Mongango Unit 1 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Mongango Unit 2 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Mobuya Unit 1 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Mobuya Unit 2 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Mobuya Unit 3 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Taludaa Unit 1 0 0
Hydro
Mini
Taludaa Unit 2 0 0
Hydro
Maleo Unit 1 Gas 52.21 1,350
Maleo Unit 2 Gas 52.09 1,350
Maleo Unit 3 Gas 52.27 1,350
Maleo Unit 4 Gas 52.33 1,350
Geo
Lahendong Unit 1 59.19 0
Thermal
Geo
Lahendong Unit 2 61.89 0
thermal
Geo
Lahendong Unit 3 61.95 0
thermal
Geo
Lahendong Unit 4 63.42 0
thermal
Geo
Lahendong Unit 5 63.48 0
thermal
Geo
Lahendong Unit 6 63.54 0
thermal
Appendix C. Generating and Start Up Costs of North
Sulawesi and Gorontalo Power System Generator Units.

Generating
Start Up Cost
Units Type Cost
($)
($/MWh)
Sumalata Solar 0 0
Isimu Solar 0 0
Likupang Solar 0 0
Tonsealama Hydro 1.22 15.50
Tanggari 1 Hydro 1.34 19.00
Tanggari 2 Hydro 1.28 27.00
Appendix D. Specifications of North Sulawesi and
Gorontalo Power System Generator Units.

P P Ramp Ramp Up Down

Power Plant Type Max Min Up Down time time
(MW) (MW) (MW/h) (MW/h) (h) (h)
Sulut 3 Unit 1 Coal 50 20 7.5 7.5 5 4
Sulut 3 Unit 2 Coal 50 20 7.5 7.5 5 4
Sulbagut Unit
Coal 50 20 7.5 7.5 5 4
1
Sulbagut Unit
Coal 50 20 7.5 7.5 5 4
2
Amurang Unit
Coal 21.75 12.5 7.5 7.5 5 4
1
Amurang Unit
Coal 21.75 12.5 7.5 7.5 5 4
2
Amurang Unit
Coal 27 15 7.5 7.5 5 4
3
Amurang Unit
Coal 27 15 7.5 7.5 5 4
4
Anggrek Unit
Coal 22.5 12 7.5 7.5 5 4
1
Anggrek Unit
Coal 22.5 12 7.5 7.5 5 4
2
Marisa Diesel 1 1 0.43 0.43 1 1
Bitung Unit 1 Diesel 2.5 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 2 Diesel 2.5 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 3 Diesel 3 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 4 Diesel 3.5 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 5 Diesel 2 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 6 Diesel 2 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 7 Diesel 6 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 8 Diesel 6 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Bitung Unit 9 Diesel 4 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Lopana Unit 1 Diesel 4.5 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Lopana Unit 2 Diesel 4.5 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 1 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 2 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 3 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 4 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 5 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 6 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Telaga Unit 7 Diesel 2 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Appendix E. Specifications of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo Power System Generator Units.

P P Ramp Ramp Up Down

Power Plant Type Max Min Up Down time time
(MW) (MW) (MW/h) (MW/h) (h) (h)
Telaga Unit 8 Diesel 1.8 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
Kotamobagu
Diesel 4.56 0.3 3.42 3.42 5 3
Unit 1
Mini
Poigar Unit 1 1.2 1 0.43 0.43 1 1
Hydro
Mini
Poigar Unit 2 1.2 1 0.43 0.43 1 1
Hydro
Mini
Lobong Unit 1 0.7 0.7 0.43 0.43 1 1
Hydro
Mini
Lobong Unit 2 0.7 0.7 0.43 0.43 1 1
Hydro
Mongango Mini
0.525 0.45 0.43 0.43 1 1
Unit 1 Hydro
Mongango Mini
0.525 0.5 0.43 0.43 1 1
Unit 2 Hydro
Mobuya Unit Mini
1.2 1 3.42 3.42 5 3
1 Hydro
Mobuya Unit Mini
1 0.67 0.43 0.43 1 1
2 Hydro
Mobuya Unit Mini
1 0.67 0.43 0.43 1 1
3 Hydro
Taludaa Unit Mini
3 1 0.43 0.43 1 1
1 Hydro
Taludaa Unit Mini
2 0.5 0.43 0.43 1 1
2 Hydro
Maleo Unit 1 Gas 23.5 9 12.7 12.7 4 2
Maleo Unit 2 Gas 23.5 9 12.7 12.7 4 2
Maleo Unit 3 Gas 23.5 9 12.7 12.7 4 2
Maleo Unit 4 Gas 23.5 9 12.7 12.7 4 2
Lahendong Geo
18.4 14.72 22.2 22.2 5 4
Unit 1 thermal
Lahendong Geo
19.2 15.9 22.92 22.92 5 4
Unit 2 thermal
Lahendong Geo
14.2 14 22.08 22.08 5 4
Unit 3 thermal
Lahendong Geo
19.1 17.9 22.68 22.68 5 4
Unit 4 thermal
Lahendong Geo
20 16 24 24 5 4
Unit 5 thermal
Lahendong Geo
20 16 24 24 5 4
Unit 6 thermal
Sumalata Solar 1.6 0.01 - - - -
Isimu Solar 10 0.01 - - - -
Likupang Solar 15 0.01 - - - -
Tonsealama Hydro 12 3.1 15.9 15.9 1 1
Tanggari 1 Hydro 18 3.8 10.6 10.6 1 1
Tanggari 2 Hydro 19 5.4 10.6 10.6 1 1