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Exception

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3 views

Exception

Uploaded by

oindrilamistysarkar56
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program.

A C++ exception is
a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an
attempt to divide by zero.
Exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. C++
exception handling is built upon three keywords: try, catch, and throw.
 throw: A program throws an exception when a problem shows up. This is done using
a throw keyword.
 catch: A program catches an exception with an exception handler at the place in a
program where you want to handle the problem. The catch keyword indicates the
catching of an exception.
 try: A try block identifies a block of code for which particular exceptions will be
activated. It's followed by one or more catch blocks.
Assuming a block will raise an exception, a method catches an exception using a combination
of the try and catch keywords. A try/catch block is placed around the code that might
generate an exception. Code within a try/catch block is referred to as protected code, and the
syntax for using try/catch looks like the following:
try
{
// protected code
}catch( ExceptionName e1 )
{
// catch block
}catch( ExceptionName e2 )
{
// catch block
}catch( ExceptionName eN )
{
// catch block
}
You can list down multiple catch statements to catch different type of exceptions in case
your try block raises more than one exception in different situations.
Throwing Exceptions
Exceptions can be thrown anywhere within a code block using throw statements. The
operand of the throw statements determines a type for the exception and can be any
expression and the type of the result of the expression determines the type of exception
thrown.
Following is an example of throwing an exception when dividing by zero condition occurs:
double division(int a, int b) {
if( b == 0 ) {
throw "Division by zero condition!";
}
return (a/b);
}
Catching Exceptions
The catch block following the try block catches any exception. You can specify what type of
exception you want to catch and this is determined by the exception declaration that appears
in parentheses following the keyword catch.
try {
// protected code
}catch( ExceptionName e ) {
// code to handle ExceptionName exception
}
Above code will catch an exception of ExceptionName type. If you want to specify that a
catch block should handle any type of exception that is thrown in a try block, you must put an
ellipsis, ..., between the parentheses enclosing the exception declaration as follows:
try {
// protected code
}catch(...) {
// code to handle any exception
}
The following is an example, which throws a division by zero exception and we catch it in
catch block.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double division(int a, int b) {


if( b == 0 ) {
throw "Division by zero condition!";
}
return (a/b);
}

int main () {
int x = 50;
int y = 0;
double z = 0;

try {
z = division(x, y);
cout << z << endl;
}catch (const char* msg) {
cerr << msg << endl;
}

return 0;
}
Because we are raising an exception of type const char*, so while catching this exception,
we have to use const char* in catch block. If we compile and run above code, this would
produce the following result:
Division by zero condition!

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