MODULE 1: Nature of Inquiry and

Research
At the end of the course, the student would have:
• Discussed the major phases of the quantitative research
process,
• Presented an individual (or group) quantitative research
proposal based on an identified situational Problem as aligned
in the department’s research priority agenda (RPA)
• Undertaken the initial evaluation defense
• Undertaken the graded final research defense
• Submitted a research output in the form of a research paper
• Effectively disseminated results of quantitative research work
• A method of research that relies on measuring variables using
a numerical system, analyzing these measurements using any
of a variety of statistical models, and reporting relationships
and associations and associations among the studied
variables.

• Quantitative research techniques include experiments and

surveys. Also called quantitative design; quantitative inquiry;
quantitative methods; quantitative study.
For example these variables may be test scores for
measurements of reaction time. The goal of gathering this
quantitative data is to understand, describe, and predict
the nature of a phenomenon, particularly through the
development of models and theories.
 Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of
thinking (Baraceros, 2016).

Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and

interpreting information in order to increase our understanding of
a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned
(Leedy & Ormrod, 2013).

Practical research aims to discover truths about topics that

interests or affects the researcher(s) in order to improve.
1. Research is NOT merely gathering information.
2. Research is NOT merely rummaging around for hard-
to-locate information.
3. Research is NOT merely transporting facts from one
location to another.
Research is a systematic process of collecting,
analyzing, and interpreting information in order to
increase our understanding of a phenomenon
about which we are interested or concerned (Leedy
& Ormrod, 2013).
 works with a system or unbiased; all angles
method presented

Research is a systematic and objective

creation of knowledge.
(Creswell, 2013)
a creative
process

Present the
answer Collect data to

Defining
answer to the
question

Research Pose a question

 Add to existing knowledge.

Improve practice.

Inform policies

Solve problems, not emergencies.

Why DO
RESEARCH?
Quantitive Research
Its STRENGTHS and
WEAKNESSES
✓ Rigor in doing quantitative research procedures
✓ Addition of qualitative analysis using quotes of subjects
(persons from whom data are collected) to support
statistical results
NATURE OF VARIABLES
 A variable varies and has values. The values of
variables under study are the research data.

Are these variables? color, chair, shape of table,

tweet, shirt style.

How are these different?

Quantitative and qualitative variables
Discrete and continuous variables

Variables
 Quantitative Research Designs

Manipulating
Studying
Experimental conditions and
relationships Correlational studying
effects
Non-experimental
research

Descriptive
Describing
characteristics
 Quantitative Research Designs
Descriptive Examples:
What are the sleeping
A cross-sectional Research habits of SHS students in
survey collects DLSAU?
information from a Sometimes called survey
sample coming from research, it aims to What factors affected the
various groups that has describe systematically SHS track choice of SHS
been drawn from a the facts and students?
predetermined characteristics of a given Your Turn
population. population or area of Consider your chosen research
interest, factually and interest or topic. Come up with a
accurately research question that falls
under descriptive research.
 Quantitative Research Designs Prediction research
design seeks to identify
Correlational variables that will predict
Explanatory Research an outcome or criterion.
research design Examples:
determines the Does wearing school
extent to which two aims to describe and uniform have any
variables (or more) co- measure the degree of relationship with
vary. association between two students’ ability to
or more variables or sets participate?
Your Turn
Consider your chosen research of scores.
interest or topic. Come up with a Is there a relationship
research question that falls under between phone brand
correlational research.
and Facebook usage
among teens?
Quantitative Research Designs
Experimental
Research Types
True experiments
Independent
EG: R O1 x O2
variable
CG: R O1 x O2
attempts to influence a
Quasi-experiments
particular variable EG: O1 x O2
Dependent CG: O1 x O2
variable tests hypotheses about
cause-and-effect
relationships