Scribd
Upload
13 views

Error Detection Techniques

Uploaded by

sachaniajay26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Error Detection Techniques

Uploaded by

sachaniajay26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Error Detection Techniques

Longitudinal Redundancy Check


(LRC)/2-D Parity Check
• In this method, data which the user want to send is
organised into tables of rows and columns.
• A block of bit is divided into table or matrix of rows and
columns.
• In order to detect an error, a redundant bit is added to
the whole block and this block is transmitted to
receiver.
• The receiver uses this redundant row to detect error.
• After checking the data for errors, receiver accepts the
data and discards the redundant row of bits
Example :
If a block of 32 bits is to be transmitted, it is divided into matrix of four rows
and eight columns which as shown in the following figure
Example : Suppose 32 bit data plus LRC that was being transmitted is hit by a
burst error of length 5 and some bits are corrupted as shown in the following
figure :

• The LRC received by the destination does not match with newly corrupted LRC.
The destination comes to know that the data is erroneous, so it discards the data.
• Disadvantage :
The main problem with LRC is that, it is not able to detect error if two bits in a data
unit are damaged and two bits in exactly the same position in other data unit are
also damaged.
Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC) or
Parity Check
• In this method, a redundant bit also called
parity bit is added to each data unit.
• This method includes even parity and odd
parity.
• Even parity means the total number of 1s in
data is to be even and odd parity means the
total number of 1s in data is to be odd
Example – If the source wants to transmit data unit 1100111 using even
parity to the destination. The source will have to pass through Even Parity
Generator.

• Parity generator will count number of 1s in data unit and will add parity bit. In the above example,
number of 1s in data unit is 5, parity generator appends a parity bit 1 to this data unit making the
total number of 1s even i.e 6 which is clear from above figure. Data along with parity bit is then
transmitted across the network. In this case, 11001111 will be transmitted.
Advantages
• VRC can detect all single bit error.
• It can also detect burst errors but only in those cases where
number of bits changed is odd, i.e. 1, 3, 5, 7, …….etc.
• VRC is simple to implement and can be easily incorporated
into different communication protocols and systems.
• It is efficient in terms of computational complexity and
memory requirements.
• VRC can help improve the reliability of data transmission
and reduce the likelihood of data corruption or loss due to
errors.
• VRC can be combined with other error detection and
correction techniques to improve the overall error handling
capabilities of a system.
Disadvantages
• The major disadvantage of using this method for error
detection is that it is not able to detect burst error if
the number of bits changed is even, i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8,
…….etc.
• Example – If the original data is 1100111. After adding
VRC, data unit that will be transmitted is 11001111.
Suppose on the way 2 bits are 01011111.
• When this data will reach the destination, parity
checker will count number of 1s in data and that comes
out to be even i.e. 8. So, in this case, parity is not
changed, it is still even. Destination will assume that
there is no error in data even though data is erroneous.
Error Detection Code – Checksum
• Checksum is the error detection method used
by upper layer protocols and is considered to
be more reliable than LRC, VRC and CRC.
• This method makes the use of Checksum
Generator on Sender side and Checksum
Checker on Receiver side.
Example –
If the data unit to be transmitted is 10101001
00111001, the following procedure is used at
Sender site and Receiver site.

• Sender Site :

10101001 subunit 1 00111001 subunit 2


11100010 sum (using 1s complement)
00011101 checksum (complement of sum)
Data transmitted to Receiver is –
• Receiver Site :

10101001 subunit 1
00111001 subunit 2
00011101 checksum
11111111 sum
00000000 sum's complement

Result is zero, it means no error.


Example

You might also like