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Gene Mapping

Grne

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8 views

Gene Mapping

Grne

Uploaded by

mimhasan231202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gene mapping

Presented By
Sharmin Jahan Shathi
Lecturer
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics
Bangladesh Agricultural University
Mymensingh
Outlines

What is gene mapping


Centimorgan
Importance/Use /Application of gene mapping
Types of gene mapping
Genetic mapping vs physical mapping
Gene mapping

Gene mapping or genome mapping describes the methods


used to identify the location of a gene on a chromosome and
the distances between genes.

Gene mapping can also describe the distances between


different sites within a gene.

The distance between genes is measured by the unit named


Centimorgan (cM) or map unit (m.u.)
What is centimorgan

Centimorgan is defined as the distance between genes on the


chromosome and is used to measure the recombination
frequency.
The term centimorgan is given to genetic unit in honor of the
geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan.
100 centimorgan = 1Morgan
One centimorgan equals a 1% chance that a gene or locus on a
chromosome will become separated from a second gene or locus
on the same chromosome due to crossing over in a single
generation.
What is centimorgan

In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a


unit for measuring genetic linkage.
If two loci are 1 cM apart, then a crossover occurs between them at
an average of 1 in 100 meiosis.
Therefore, cM is a measure of the genetic or linkage distance
between two loci.
One map unit is equal to 1 cM and 1 cM is equal to 1%
recombination.
Uses/Applications/Importance of
gene mapping

Mapping helps to identify mutant genes that cause genetic


disorders
Gene map is the anatomy of human genome
Human genome maps helps researchers in their efforts to identify
human disease causing genes related to illness like cancer, heart
disease, and cystic fibrosis
It is a prerequisite to understand functioning of human genome
Provides clinically useful information about linkage
Having a complete map of the genome makes it easier for
researchers to study individual genes
Uses/Applications/Importance of gene
mapping

It has vast use in gene therapy, gene cloning and genetic


engineering
Genome mapping can be used in a variety of other
applications such as using live microbes to clean up
pollutants or even prevent pollution
Research involving plant genome mapping may lead to
producing higher crop yields or developing plants that
better adapt to climate change.
Types of gene mapping
Two types: 1) Genetic mapping and 2) Physical mapping
Genetic Mapping
Genetic Mapping is used to find out the relative position of genes
in a chromosome.
It uses recombination and linkage studies to find out the relative
distance and inheritance pattern.
The mapping begins by collecting specimens from close relatives
and isolating their DNA. These DNAs are studied closely to find
out the polymorphisms, which serve as our genetic marker.
Types of gene mapping

Physical Mapping
Physical mapping provides the accurate physical distance between
the genetic markers in terms of nucleotides.
It can be done using different techniques like restriction mapping,
fluorescent in situ hybridization mapping or sequenced tag site
mapping.
In the restriction mapping technique, the DNA sequences are cut
using restriction enzymes then the fragments are separated by
electrophoresis. The migration pattern is then used to analyze the
DNA and construct the maps.
Genetic mapping vs physical
mapping
Genetic Mapping Physical Mapping
Definition
It is a technique which shows how It is a technique which shows the
genetic information is shuffled in a physical distance in a DNA sequence
by working out the number of base
chromosome. pairs.
Molecular Markers
It uses genetic markers to map the It uses restriction enzymes to cut the
distance between two genes. specific sequence of DNA.
Importance
It depicts the region of
polymorphisms (region where the It depicts the actual distance of base
DNA sequence differs) in different pairs along a stretch of DNA.
individuals.
Accuracy
It gives mere insights for different It depicts a more accurate
regions of chromosomes. representation of the genome.

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