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criminology

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5 views

Presentation 8

criminology

Uploaded by

vishwaranjan kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar ( M.

P)
( A Central University)

2nd mid Presentation ( 1st semester)


On
Nature of Crime
( Introduction to criminology)
( CRM- DSM-121)

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-


(Dr. S.M. Mahendra
SIMHA KARNA ) SUSANTA KR. PRADHAN
(M.A. CRIMONOLOGY)
Y24242521
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION OF CRIME
2. TYPES OF CRIME
3. THEORIES OF CRIME
4. IMPACT OF CRIME ON SOCIETY
INTRODUCTION OF CRIME

A crime is an act or the commission of


an act that is forbidden or punishable
by law. It typically involves behavior
that is deemed harmful or threatening
to individuals, society, or the state.
Key Elements of Crime
1. Actus Reus (Guilty Act): This refers to the actual physical act or
conduct that constitutes a crime. It can include actions, omissions, or
a state of being.
2. Mens Rea (Guilty Mind): This is the mental state of the individual at
the time of the crime. It refers to the intention or knowledge of
wrongdoing. Different crimes require different levels of mens rea,
such as negligence, recklessness, or intent.
3. Concurrence: The act and the intent must occur together. The
individual must have the guilty mind at the time of committing the
guilty act.
4. Legality: The act must be defined as a crime by law at the time it
was committed. This principle ensures that individuals are not
prosecuted for actions that were not illegal at the time.
5. Punishment: There must be a provision for punishment under the law.
A crime typically carries a penalty, which may include fines,
imprisonment, or other forms of punishment.
TYPES OF CRIME

 1. Felonies vs. Misdemeanors


 Felonies:
 Definition: Serious offenses typically punishable by imprisonment
for over a year or by death.
 Examples: Murder, rape, armed robbery, and major drug
trafficking
 Misdemeanors:
 Definition: Less severe offenses usually punishable by less than one
year in jail or fines.
 Examples: Petty theft, simple assault, vandalism, and public
intoxication.
 2. Personal Crimes vs. Property Crimes
 Personal Crimes:
 Definition: Crimes that directly harm or threaten harm to individuals.
 Examples: Assault, battery, homicide, and stalking.
 Impact on Victims: Personal crimes often leave emotional and
psychological scars, in addition to physical harm.
 Property Crimes:
 Definition: Crimes that involve the theft or destruction of someone else’s
property.
 Examples: Burglary, larceny, arson, and shoplifting.
 Impact on Victims: Can result in financial loss and a sense of violation, but
typically don’t involve direct harm to individuals.
THEORIES OF CRIME

Classical Theory
 Overview:
 Originated in the 18th century during the Enlightenment, emphasizing
rational thought and individual choice.
 Key Concepts:
 Rational Choice: Individuals make calculated decisions, weighing
potential rewards against risks. If the perceived benefits outweigh the
consequences, they may choose to commit a crime.
 Free Will: Assumes that humans have the capacity to choose their actions,
leading to personal responsibility for criminal behavior.
 2. Biological Theory
 Overview:
 Suggests that biological and genetic factors play a significant role in
predisposing individuals to criminal behavior.
 Key Concepts:
 Genetic Influences: Research indicates that certain traits, such as
impulsivity or aggression, may have a genetic basis. Studies of twins and
families suggest a hereditary component to criminal behavior.
 Physiological Factors: Neurological conditions, brain injuries, or hormonal
imbalances (such as high testosterone) may increase the likelihood of
criminal acts.
 Biochemical Factors: Substance abuse or mental health issues can also
influence behavior, impacting judgment and impulse control.
 3. Sociological Theory
 Overview:
 Focuses on how societal structures and relationships influence criminal
behavior, highlighting the impact of social environment.
 Key Concepts:
 Social Disorganization Theory: Crime rates are higher in communities
with weak social ties and lack of social cohesion. Factors like poverty,
residential instability, and high population turnover contribute to crime.
 Strain Theory: Proposes that societal pressures to achieve success (e.g.,
wealth, status) can lead individuals to commit crimes when they lack
legitimate means to achieve these goals. This creates a "strain" that
can result in criminal behavior as a coping mechanism.
IMPACT OF CRIME IN SOCIETY

 Crime has profound effects on individuals and communities, shaping social dynamics, economic
conditions, and overall quality of life. In this section, we will explore the social and economic
consequences of crime, highlighting how it impacts both victims and society as a whole."
 1. Social Consequences
 Fear and Anxiety:
 Crime creates a pervasive sense of fear within communities, leading to heightened
anxiety among residents.
 People may alter their behaviors, such as avoiding certain areas, reducing social
interactions, or increasing personal security measures.
 Loss of Trust:
 High crime rates can erode trust within communities, weakening social bonds and
reducing cooperation among residents.
 Communities with low trust may struggle to mobilize for collective action, making it
difficult to address local issues effectively.
Thanks you

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