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LEARN X
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Test / Exam Name: Light Class 10 Standard: 10th Subject: Science

Student Name: Section: Roll No.:
Questions: 12 Time: 01:00 hh:mm Marks: 30

Q1. Write laws of refraction. Explain the same with the help of ray diagram, when a ray of light passes through a rectangular glass 2 Marks
slab.

Ans: Laws of refraction of light are:

The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie
in the same plane.
The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant, for the light of a given wavelength and
for the given pair of media. This law is also known as Snell’s law of refraction. The constant is also known as refractive
index.
The ray diagram is as shown below:

In the glass slab, the emergent rays are parallel to the incident ray because the extant of bending of the ray of light at the
opposite parallel faced of rectangular glass slab are equal and opposite, so that emergent ray is parallel to incident ray.
Q2. One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image of the object? Verify your 2 Marks
answer experimentally. Explain your observations.

Ans: The convex lens will form complete image of an object, even if its one half is covered with black paper It can be understood by
the following two cases.
Case I:

When the upper half of the lens is covered.

In this case, a ray of light coming from the object will be refracted by the lower half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side
of the lens to form the image of the given object, as shown in the above figure.
Case II:

When the lower half of the lens is covered.

In this case, a ray of light coming from the object is refracted by the upper half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of
the lens to form the image of the given object, as shown in the above figure.
Q3. The image in a plane mirror is virtual and laterally inverted. What does this statement mean? 2 Marks

Ans: The image is virtual and laterally inverted means it cannot be obtained on a screen and is reversed sideways.
Q4. A man standing in front of a special mirror finds his image having a very small head, a fat body and legs of normal size. What is 2 Marks
the shape of:
1. Top part of the mirror?
2. Middle part of the mirror?
3. Bottom part of the mirror?
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Give reasons for your choice.

Ans: A man standing extremely close in front of a special mirror finds his image having a very small head, a fat body but legs of
similar size. Hence,
1. The top part of the mirror is convex, as it forms virtual, erect and small-sized image.
2. The middle of the mirror is concave, as it forms virtual, erect and large-sized image.
3. The bottom of the mirror is a plane mirror, as it forms virtual, erect and image of the same size as the object.
Q5. What is the advantage of using a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles as compared to a plane mirror? Illustrate your 2 Marks
answer with the help of labelled diagrams.

Ans: The advantage of using a converx mirror as a rear-view mirror in vechicles as compared to as compared to a plane mirror is that
convex mirror has a wider field of viwe as compared to plane mirror. this enbles driver to view much larger area of the traffic
behind him.

Q6. Two lenses A and B have power of (i) + 2 D and (ii) -4D respectively. What is the nature and focal length of each lens? 2 Marks

Ans: P A = +20
1 1
fA = = = +0.5m = +50cm
PA 2

Lens A is a convex lens.

PB = −4D
1 1
fB = = = −0.25m = −25cm
fB −4

Lens B is a concave lens.

Q7. Determine how far an object must be placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 10cm in order to produce an erect 2 Marks
(upright) image of linear magnification 4.

Ans: f = 10cm
m = +4 (upright image)
v
m = = 4
u

v = 4u

Lens formula, 1

v
−
1

u
=
1

f
1 1 1
− =
4u u 10
−3 1
=
4u 10

u = −7.5cm

The object must be placed 7.5cm in front of the converging lens.

Q8. Analyse the following observation table showing variation of image-distance (v) with object-distance (u) in case of a convex lens 3 Marks
and answer the questions that follow without doing any calculations:
Object-Distance Image-Distance
S.No.
u (cm) v (cm)
1. -100 +25
2. -60 +30
3. -40 +40
4. -30 +60
5. -25 +100
6. -15 +120

1. What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give reason to justify your answer.
2. Write the serial number of the observation which is not correct. On what basis have you arrived at this conclusion?
3. Select an appropriate scale and draw a ray diagram for the observation at S.No.2. Also, find the approximate value of
magnification.

Ans: 1. From S.No 3 we can say that the radius of curvature of the lens is 40 cm because when an object is placed at the centre of
curvature of a convex lens its image is formed on the other side of the lens at the same distance from the lens. And, we also
know that focal length is half of the radius of curvature. Thus, focal length of the lens is +20 cm.
2. S.No: 6 is not correct as for this observation the object distance is between focus and pole so for such cases the image formed
is always virtual but in this case a real image is forming as the image distance is positive.
3. Approximate value of magnification for object distance -60 cm and image distance +30 cm is -0.5.

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Q9. An object is placed at a distance of 10cm from a concave mirror of focal length 20cm. 3 Marks
1. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image.
2. Calculate the image distance.
3. State two characteristics of the image formed.

Ans: 1.

Fig. Formation of image by the concave mirror when the object is palced between its pole and focus.
2. f = -20cm, u = -10cm, v = ?
We know that
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
⇒ + =
v (−10) (−20)

1 1 1 1
⇒ = + =
v 20 10 20

∴ v = 20cm

3. Characteristics of image formed

1. Image is virtual.
2. Image is erect.
Q10. State and explain the laws of reflection of light at a plane surface (like a plane mirror), with the help of a labelled ray-diagram. 3 Marks
Mark the angles of ‘incidence’ and ‘reflection’ clearly on the diagram. If the angle of reflection is 47.5°, what will be the angle of
incidence?

Ans: Laws of reflection of light:

First law of reflection: According to the first law of reflection, the incidence ray, the reflected ray and the normal (at the point of
incidence), all lie in the same plane.For e.g., in the figure, the incident ray AO, the reflected ray OB and the normal ON, all lie in
the same plane, the plane of paper.
Second law of reflection: According to the second law of reflection, the angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of
incidence. For e.g., if we measure the angle of reflection NOB in the figure, we will find that it is exactly equal to the angle of
incidence AON. If the angle of reflection is 47.50, the angle of incidence will also be 47.50 in accordance with the second law of
reflection.
Q11. Make labelled ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of: 3 Marks
1. A real image by a converging mirror.
2. A virtual image by a converging mirror.
Mark clearly the pole, focus, centre of curvature and position of object in each case.

Ans: 1.

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2.

Q12. 1. Define focal length of a spherical lens. 4 Marks

2. A divergent lens has a focal length of 30 cm. At what distance should an object of height 5 cm from the optical centre of
the lens be placed so that its image is formed 15 cm away from the lens? Find the size of the image also.
3. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in the above situation.

Ans: 1. Focal length of a spherical lens is the distance between optical centre and focus of the lens. The Focal length of a lens is half
of its radius of curvature.
2. We know that for a divergent lens both u and f are -ive , from lens v = equation as both
uf

u + f

u and f are -ive therefore v will be -ive,

given f = -30cm, v = -15cm
fv −30×−15
v = = = −30cm
f - v −30−(−15)

now linear magnification m = O

I
=
v

given height of object O = 5cm, I = ?

therefore = I

5
15

30
15
I = 5 × = 2.5cm
30

3.

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