SURIGAO EDUCATION CENTER

Km. 2, Surigao City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE (CEA)

Name of Student: BAGAYAS, PATRICK GIL Date:

BALABALA, BON JASPER SEPT. 3, 2024
MARINDUQUE, WENN MARIE
Plate No.: 2.1 Rating:

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TOWERS AND OTHER VERTICAL STRUCTURES

(SET A)

A. Determine the greatest force P that

can be applied to the truss so that
none of the members are subjected
to a force exceeding either 2.5 kN in
tension or 2 kN in compression.

@ JOINT A:

1.5
β=2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2
β= 73.74°

2
α= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1.5
α= 53.13°

Ʃ Fy = 0 ;
𝐹𝐴𝐷 sin 73.74° - P sin 53.13° = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐷 = 𝑃 0.833
𝐹𝐴𝐷 = 0.833 𝑃 (𝑇)

Ʃ Fx = 0
𝐹𝐴𝑃 cos (73.74°) + P cos 53.13°-𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 0.833 𝑃 (𝐶)
@JOINT B

Ʃ Fx = 0
4 4
0.833 P ( ) +𝐹𝐵𝐶 ( ) = 0
5 5
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0.833 𝑃 (𝐶)

Ʃ Fy = 0 ;
3 3
𝐹𝐵𝐷 − 𝐹𝐵𝐴 ( ) -0.833 P ( ) = 0
5 5
3 3
𝐹𝐵𝐷 − 0.833 𝑃 ( ) -0.833 P ( ) = 0
5 5
𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 𝑃(𝑇)

@ JOINT D

Ʃ Fy = 0 ;
-𝐹𝐷𝐶 sin 73.74 ° − P sin 53.13° = 0
𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 0.833 𝑃 (𝐶)

Ʃ Fx = 0
𝐹𝐷𝐸 − 𝐹𝐷𝐴 − 𝐹𝐷𝐵 cos 53.13° − 𝐹𝐷𝐶 cos 73.74 °
𝐹𝐷𝐸 − 0.833 𝑃 − 𝑃 cos 53.13° − 𝐹𝐷𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠73.74°
𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 1.667 𝑃 (𝑇)
IN COMPRESSION MEMBERS:
USE: 2kN

Equate:
0.833 P = 2kN
P= 2.4kN

𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 2𝑘𝑁

IN TENTION MEMBERS:
USE: 2.5kN

Equate:
1.667 P = 2.5kN
P=1.5kN

𝐹𝐴𝐷 = 0.833𝑃 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 𝑃 𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 1.667 𝑃

=0.833(1.5) 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 1.5𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 1.667 (1.5)
𝐹𝐴𝐷 = 1.25𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 2.5𝑘𝑁
 B. Determine the force in
members JE and GF of the
truss and state if these
members are in tension or
compression.

Ʃ𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎
-6(3)-6(4.5) +𝑅𝐸𝑌 (6) = 0
𝑅𝐸𝑌 = 7.5𝑘𝑁

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
𝑅𝐴𝑌 − 6 − 6 + 7.5 = 0
𝑅𝐴𝑌 = 4.5𝑘𝑁

ZERO-FORCE MEMBER:
Sometimes a truss will contain one or more zero-force members. As the name implies, zero-
force members carry no force and thus support no load. Zero-force members will be found
when you apply equilibrium equations to the joints, but you can save some work if you can
spot and eliminate them before you begin. Fortunately, zero-force members can easily be
identified by inspection with two rules.

• Rule 1: If two non-collinear members meet at an unloaded joint, then both are zero-
force members.
• Rule 2: If three forces (interaction, reaction, or applied forces) meet at a joint and two
are collinear, then the third is a zero-force member.

Statics: Trusses. (n.d.). https://engineeringstatics.org/Chapter_06-trusses.html

By observation and understanding the above structure.

MEMBER FORCE (𝒌𝑵)

AB 0
BC 0
CD 0
DE 0
HI 0
IG 0

@ JOINT A
Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
2
4.5-𝐹𝐴𝐼 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐴𝐼 = 5.625𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
1.5
𝐹𝐴𝐻 − 𝐹𝐴𝐼 ( ) = 0
2.5
1.5
𝐹𝐴𝐻 − 5.625 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐴𝐻 = 3.375𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)

@ JOINT E

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
2
7.5-𝐹𝐸𝐽 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐸𝐽 = 9.375 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
1.5
-𝐹𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐸𝐽 ( ) = 0
2.5
1.5
𝐹𝐸𝐹 = 9.375 ( )
2.5
𝐹𝐸𝐹 = 5.625 (𝑇)
@JOINT H

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
𝐹𝐻𝐼 = 0

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
𝐹𝐻𝐴 − 𝐹𝐻𝐺 = 0
𝐹𝐻𝐺 = 3.375 𝑘𝑁

@ JOINT F

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
𝐹𝐹𝐺 − 6 = 0
𝐹𝐹𝐺 = 6𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
-𝐹𝐹𝐺 +𝐹𝐹𝐸 = 0
𝐹𝐹𝐺 = 5.625 (𝑇)
 (SET B)

A. Determine the largest mass M of

the suspended block so that the
force in any member does not
exceed 30 kN (T) or 25 kN (C)

ZERO-FORCE MEMBER:
Sometimes a truss will contain one or more zero-force members. As the name implies, zero-
force members carry no force and thus support no load. Zero-force members will be found
when you apply equilibrium equations to the joints, but you can save some work if you can
spot and eliminate them before you begin. Fortunately, zero-force members can easily be
identified by inspection with two rules.

• Rule 1: If two non-collinear members meet at an unloaded joint, then both are zero-
force members.
• Rule 2: If three forces (interaction, reaction, or applied forces) meet at a joint and two
are collinear, then the third is a zero-force member.

Statics: Trusses. (n.d.). https://engineeringstatics.org/Chapter_06-trusses.html

By observation and understanding the above structure.

MEMBER FORCE (𝒌𝑵)

BG 0
BF 0
CE 0
CF 0
UNKNOWN FORCE MEMBERS:

𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹𝐺

𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 𝐹𝐶𝐵 = 𝐹𝐵𝐴
𝐹𝐺𝐴

@JOINT D
3.5 6
β = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 [ ] 𝛼 = tan−1 [ ]
6 6
β = 30.26° 𝜶 = 𝟒𝟓°

Ʃ𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎
-𝐹𝐷𝐶 sin 45° − 𝐹𝐷𝐸 sin 30.26° − 𝑊 = 0

Ʃ𝑭𝒚 =0
-𝐹𝐷𝐶 cos 45° − 𝐹𝐷𝐸 sin 30.26° − 𝑊 = 0

𝐹𝐷𝑒 sin 30.26°−𝑊

𝐹𝐷𝐶 =
cos 45°
𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑭𝑫𝑪 = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝑭𝑫𝑬 − 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟐𝑾

𝐹𝐷𝑒 sin 30.26°−𝑊

𝐹𝐷𝐶 =
cos 45°
(0) sin 30.26°−𝑊
=
cos 45°
𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 1.4142𝑊 (𝐶)

Answer: 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 𝐹𝐶𝐵 = 𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 1.4142𝑊 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

SUBTITUTE:

- [0.7127𝐹𝐷𝐸 − 1.4142𝑊] sin45° − 𝐹𝐷𝐸 cos30.26° − 𝑊=0

0.5040𝐹𝐷𝐸 + 𝑊 − 𝐹𝐷𝐸 cos 30.26° − 𝑊 = 0
-0.3597𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 0
𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 0

Answer: 𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹𝐺 = 0

@JOINT A
Ʃ𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎
𝐹𝐴𝐺 − 1.4142𝑊 sin 45° = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐺 = 𝑊 (𝑇)

SOLVE FOR W

FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS, DC, BC, AND AB.

EQUATE:
25kN = 1.4142 W
W= 17.6778 kN

FOR TENSION MEMBERS, AG.

30kN = W
W= 30 kN

Then use,

W = 17.6778 kN

• W = Mg
𝑊
M=
𝑔
17.6778(106 )
=
9.81
M = 1.80 Mg
 B. Determine the force in
members ED. EH. and GH
of the truss, and state if the
members are in tension or
compression.

Ʃ𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎
40(1.5) +30(3) +40(2)-
𝑅𝐹𝑌 (4) =0
𝑅𝐹𝑌 =57.5 Kn

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
𝑅𝐴𝑌 − 40 − 50 + 57.5
𝑅𝐴𝑌 = 32.5 𝑘𝑁

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
𝑅𝐴𝑋 − 30 − 40 = 0
𝑅𝐴𝑋 = 70 𝑘𝑁

@ JOINT A

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
2
70-𝐹𝐴𝐵 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 87.5 𝑘𝑁(𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
1.5
32.5 + 𝐹𝐴𝐼 − 𝐹𝐴𝐵 ( )=0
2.5
1.5
32.5 + 𝐹𝐴𝐼 − 87.5( )=0
2.5
𝐹𝐴𝐼 = 20𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
@ JOINT B

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
2
-40+𝐹𝐵𝐼 + 87.5( )
2.5
𝐹𝐵𝐼 = 30𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
2
-𝐹𝐵𝐶 + 87.5( )
2.5
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 52.5 𝑘𝑁(𝐶)

@ JOINT I

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
2
30-𝐹𝐶𝐼 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐶𝐼 = 37.5 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
1.5
-20-𝐹𝐶𝐼 ( )+𝐹𝐼𝐻 = 0
2.5
1.5
-20-37.5 ( )+𝐹𝐼𝐻 = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐼𝐻 = 42.5 𝑘𝑁(𝑇)
@JOINT C

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
1.5 1.5
52.5+37.5( )-𝐹𝐶𝐷 ( ) = 0
2.5 2.5
𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 125 𝑘𝑁 (C)

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
2 2
-𝐹𝐶𝐻 +𝐹𝐶𝐷 ( ) + 37.5 ( ) − 30 = 0
2.5 2.5
2 2
-𝐹𝐶𝐻 +125 ( ) + 37.5 ( ) − 30 = 0
2.5 2.5
𝐹𝐶𝐻 = 100 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)

@ JOINT D

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
2
𝐹𝐷𝐸 − 125 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 100𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
1.5
-50+125( )-𝐹𝐷𝐻 = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐷𝐻 = 25𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
@ JOINT H

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
1.5
25-42.5+𝐹𝐻𝐸 ( ) = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐻𝐸 = 29.17 𝑘𝑁 (T)

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
1.5
100 − 29.17 ( ) − 𝐹𝐻𝐺 = 0
2.5
𝐹𝐻𝐺 = 76.67 𝑘𝑁(𝑇)

@ JOINT E

Ʃ𝑭𝒀 = 𝟎
2 2
-100+29.17( ) + 𝐹𝐸𝐹 ( ) = 0
2.5 2.5
𝐹𝐸𝐹 = 95.83𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
1.5 1.5
-40-29.17( )+𝐹𝐸𝐹 ( ) − 𝐹𝐸𝐺 = 0
2.5 2.5
1.5 1.5
-40-29.17( )+95.83 ( ) − 𝐹𝐸𝐺 = 0
2.5 2.5
𝐹𝐸𝐺 = 0
@ JOINT F

Ʃ𝑭𝑿 = 𝟎
2
𝐹𝐹𝐺 − 95.83 ( )=0
2.5
𝐹𝐹𝐺 = 76.67 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
 SURIGAO EDUCATION CENTER
Km. 2, Surigao City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE (CEA)

Name of Students: BAGAYAS, PATRICK GIL Date:

BALABALA, BON JASPER SEPT. 3, 2024
MARINDUQUE, WENN MARIE
Plate No.: Rating:
2.2
[SET A]
PROBLEM A. Design

JOINT D HAS THE MOST STRESSES EXPERIENCED

𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 1.667 𝑃 (𝑇) 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 0.833 𝑃 (𝐶) 𝐹𝐷𝐵 = 𝑃 (𝑇) 𝐹𝐷𝐴 = 0.833 𝑃 (𝑇)
= 1.667(1.5) = 0.833(2.4) 𝐹𝐷𝐵 = 1.5 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇) = 0.833(1.5)
𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇) 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 2𝑘𝑁 (𝐶) 𝐹𝐷𝐴 = 1.25 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)

JOINT D
ASSUME: PROPERTIES:
• MATERIAL: C6 X13
b=152 mm
𝑏𝑓 = 55 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 11 𝑚𝑚
• ELECTRODE
E60XX→𝐹𝐸𝑋𝑋 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• FOR A36[C6X13] STEEL:
𝐹𝑌 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑌 = 448 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• WELD SIZE:
W = 5MM [2 WELDS]

USING FILLET WELD

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
5𝑚𝑚
Throat = cos 45° [5]
Throat = 3.54 mm

• NOMINAL STRENGHT OF WELD PER MM.

𝑅𝑛𝑢 = 0.60 𝐹𝐸𝑋𝑋 (0.707𝑥𝑥)
0.60 [414(0.707)(5)]
=
1000
𝑅𝑛𝑢 = 0.87809 𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚
MEMBER DE:

L= 152+(152-9(2))+(55x2)+(55-11)(2)
L= 484 mm

CONDITON CHECK IF: THEN

𝐿 484
L ≤ 100 W, 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝐿 = = 96.8 < 100
𝑊 5
L > 100 w, 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝛽𝐿 THEREFORE, 𝑳𝒆𝒇𝒇 = 𝑳 = 𝟒𝟖𝟒

SOLVE FOR AVAILABLE STRENGTH

𝑅𝑛 = 𝑅𝑛𝑢 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑅𝑛 = 0.877809 (484)
𝑅𝑛 = 425 𝑘𝑁
USING AISC Manual
ɸ= 0.75 [LRFD] and Ω = 2.00 [ASD]

LRDF: ASD:
𝑅𝑛 425
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 0.75(425) =
Ω 2.00
𝑅𝑛
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 318.75𝑘𝑁 > 2.5𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝐾𝐴𝑌! = 212.5 𝑘𝑁 > 2.5 𝑘𝑁 OKAY!
Ω

SOLVE FOR SHEAR RESISTANCE:

𝑽𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕ɸ𝒘 ɸ𝑿𝒖 𝑨𝒘
Use: ɸ𝑉𝑌 = 0.67
𝑋𝑢 = 𝐸60𝑥𝑥 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑤 = 484(3.54) SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:
2
𝐴𝑤 = 1.713 𝑚𝑚 2.55×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(3.54𝐿)
𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (414) (1.713) L = 3.8 mm
𝑉𝑟 = 318kN > 2.5 kN OKAY! L = 4 mm weld to carry 2.5 kN load
MEMBER DA:
SOLVE FOR AVAILABLE STRENGHT:
𝑹𝒏 = 𝟒𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵

LRDF:
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 0.75(425)
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 318.75𝑘𝑁 > 2.5𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝐾𝐴𝑌!

ASD:
𝑅𝑛 425
=
Ω 2.00
𝑅𝑛
= 212.5 𝑘𝑁 > 1.5 𝑘𝑁 OKAY!
Ω

SOLVE FOR SHEAR RESISTANCE:

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67ɸ𝑤 ɸ𝑋𝑢 𝐴𝑤
𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (414) (1.713)
𝑉𝑟 = 318kN > 1.5 kN OKAY!

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

1.25×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(3.54𝐿)
L = 1.9 mm
L = 𝟐 𝒎𝒎 weld to carry 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 load

MEMBER DC
SOLVE FOR AVAILABLE STRENGHT
𝑹𝒏 = 𝟒𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵

LRDF:
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 0.75(425)
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 318.75𝑘𝑁 > 2.5𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝐾𝐴𝑌!

ASD:
𝑅𝑛 425
=
Ω 2.00
𝑅𝑛
= 212.5 𝑘𝑁 > 2 𝑘𝑁 OKAY!
Ω
SOLVE FOR SHEAR RESISTANCE:
𝑉𝑟 = 0.67ɸ𝑤 ɸ𝑋𝑢 𝐴𝑤
𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (414) (1.713)
𝑉𝑟 = 318kN > 2.5 kN OKAY!

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

2×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(3.54𝐿)
L = 3.04 mm weld to carry 𝟐 𝒌𝑵 load

MEMBER DB
SOLVE FOR AVAILABLE STRENGHT
𝑹𝒏 = 𝟒𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵

LRDF:
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 0.75(425)
ɸ𝑅𝑛 = 318.75𝑘𝑁 > 1.5𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝐾𝐴𝑌!

ASD:
𝑅𝑛 425
=
Ω 2.00
𝑅𝑛
= 212.5 𝑘𝑁 > 1.5 𝑘𝑁 OKAY!
Ω

SOLVE FOR SHEAR RESISTANCE:

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67ɸ𝑤 ɸ𝑋𝑢 𝐴𝑤
𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (414) (1.713)
𝑉𝑟 = 318kN > 1.5 kN OKAY!

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

1.5×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(3.54𝐿)
L = 2.28 mm weld to carry 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 load
Determine the number of electrodes used:
The electrodes that we used for steel are 6013.
According to the electrode amperage chart the 6013 has the diameter of 1.6 mm and the Amperage Range
are 20-45. The density of unit is 18-8 stainless steel have 8.2 welding consumable
To calculate use the formula,

𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 =
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

To solve for Electrode consumption, use the formula

𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (%)

KOBELCO - KOBE STEEL, LTD. -. (n.d.). https://www.kobelco-welding.jp/education-

center/references/references01.html

Then,

8.02
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
55%
𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟖
Thus,

In Member 𝐷𝐸:
4𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 8 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐷𝐴:
2𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 4 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐷𝐶:
3𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 6 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐷𝐵:
2𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 4 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠
PROBLEM B. Design

JOINT J HAS THE MOST STRESSES EXPERIENCED

FORCE MEMBERS
𝐹𝐽𝐶 = 5.625 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝐹𝐽𝐸 = 9.375 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝐹𝐽𝐹 = 6 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
𝐹𝐽𝐺 = 3.750 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

MEMBER JE
ASSUME:
MATERIAL: ASTM A36
DESIGNATION: C6X13
PROPERTIES: d=152 mm
Area= 2,471 m𝑚2
x̄ = 13.06 mm
𝐹𝑦 = 250 MPa
WELD SIZE:
𝑎𝑤 = 6 𝑚𝑚
ELECTROCODE:
E60XX = 414MPa

BASE METAL:
USING USD
𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈
T=
𝛀
250(2471𝑥10−3 )
T=
1.67
T= 369.91 mm

WELD [USING 2 WELDS]:

𝑨𝒘 𝟎.𝟔𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒙
T=
𝛀
[0.7071(6)L][0.6(414)]
369.91x103 =
2.0
L= 702.01 mm
 Ʃ Lx = 𝑳𝟐 (𝒅)
L x̄= 𝐿2 (𝑑)
702.01(13.00) = 𝐿2 (152)
𝐿2 = 60.32 𝑚𝑚
Say 100mm
𝐿1 = 𝐿 − 𝐿2
= 702.01-60.32
𝐿1 = 631.69 𝑚𝑚 Say 650 mm

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
6𝑚𝑚
Throat = cos 45° [6]
Throat = 4.24 mm

9.375×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(4.24𝐿)
L = 11.90 mm weld to carry 𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 load
MEMBER JF
ASSUME:
MATERIAL: A992 STEEL
Designation: C6X13
PROPERTIES: d=152 mm
Area= 2,471 m𝑚2
x̄ = 13.06 mm
𝐹𝑦 = 345 MPa

WELD SIZE:
𝑎𝑤 = 6 𝑚𝑚
ELECTROCODE:
E70XX = 483MPa

BASE METAL
USING ASD
𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈
T=
𝛀
345(2471𝑥10−3 )
T=
1.67
T= 510.48 mm

WELD [USING 2 WELDS]

𝑨𝒘 𝟎.𝟔𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒙
T=
𝛀
[0.7071(6)L][0.6(483)]
510.48x103 =
2.0
L= 830.38 mm
 Ʃ Lx = 𝑳𝟐 (𝒅)
L x̄= 𝐿2 (𝑑)
830.38(13.06) = 𝐿2 (152)
𝐿2 = 71.35 𝑚𝑚
Say 100mm

𝐿1 = 𝐿 − 𝐿2
= 830.38-71.35
𝐿1 = 759.03 𝑚𝑚 Say 760 mm

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
6𝑚𝑚
Throat = cos 45° [6]
Throat = 4.24 mm

6×103 = 0.67(0.67)(483)(4.24𝐿)
L = 7 mm weld to carry 𝟔 𝒌𝑵 load
MEMBER JG
ASSUME:
MATERIAL: A36 STEEL
Designation: C6X10.5
PROPERTIES: d=152 mm
Area= 1,994
x̄ = 12.67
𝐹𝑦 = 248.2 MPa
WELD SIZE:
𝑎𝑤 = 5 𝑚𝑚
ELECTROCODE:
E60XX = 414MPa

BASE METAL
USING ASD
𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈
T=
𝛀
248.2(1994𝑥10−3 )
T=
1.67
T= 296.35 mm

WELD [USING 2 WELDS]

𝑨𝒘 𝟎.𝟔𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒙
T=
𝛀
[0.7071(5)L][0.6(414)]
296.35 x103 =
2.0
L= 674.89 mm
 Ʃ Lx = 𝑳𝟐 (𝒅)
L x̄= 𝐿2 (𝑑)
674.89(12.67) = 𝐿2 (152)
𝐿2 = 56.62 𝑚𝑚
Say 100mm

𝑳𝟏 = 𝑳 − 𝑳𝟐
= 674.89-56.26
𝐿1 = 618.63 𝑚𝑚 Say 620 mm

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
5𝑚𝑚
Throat = cos 45° [5]
Throat = 3.54 mm

3.750×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(4.24𝐿)
L = 5.70 mm weld to carry 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 load
MEMBER JC
ASSUME:
MATERIAL: A992 STEEL
Designation: C6X10.5
PROPERTIES: d=152 mm
Area= 1,994
x̄ = 12.67
𝐹𝑦 = 344.8 MPa
WELD SIZE:
𝑎𝑤 = 5 𝑚𝑚
ELECTROCODE:
E60XX = 414MPa

BASE METAL
USING ASD
𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈
T=
𝛀
344.8(1994𝑥10−3 )
T=
1.67
T= 411.70 mm

WELD [USING 2 WELDS]

𝑨𝒘 𝟎.𝟔𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒙
T=
𝛀
[0.7071(5)L][0.6(414)]
411.70x103 =
2.0
L= 937.58 mm
 Ʃ Lx = 𝑳𝟐 (𝒅)
L x̄= 𝐿2 (𝑑)
937.58(12.67) = 𝐿2 (152)
𝐿2 = 78.15 𝑚𝑚
Say 100mm

𝐿1 = 𝐿 − 𝐿2
= 674.89-56.26
𝐿1 = 618.63 𝑚𝑚 Say 620 mm

SOLVE FOR REQUIRED LENGTH:

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
5𝑚𝑚
Throat = cos 45° [5]
Throat = 3.54 mm

5.625×103 = 0.67(0.67)(414)(4.24𝐿)
L = 7.14 mm weld to carry 𝟓. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 load
Determine the number of electrodes used:
The electrodes that we used for steel are 6013.
According to the electrode amperage chart the 6013 has the diameter of 1.6 mm and the Amperage Range
are 20-45. The density of unit is 18-8 stainless steel have 8.2 welding consumable
To calculate use the formula,

𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 =
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

To solve for Electrode consumption, use the formula

𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (%)

KOBELCO - KOBE STEEL, LTD. -. (n.d.). https://www.kobelco-welding.jp/education-

center/references/references01.html
Then,

8.02
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
55%
𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟖

Thus,

In Member 𝐽𝐸:
12𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 25 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐽𝐹:
7𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 15 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐽𝐺:
6𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 13 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐽𝐶:
8𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 17 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠
[SET B]
PROBLEM A. Design

JOINT A HAS THE MOST STRESSES EXPERIENCED

FORCE MEMBERS
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 25 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝐹𝐴𝐺 = 30 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)

MEMBER AB
ASSUME:
C9X20
PROPERTIES:
b=299 𝑡𝑤 = 11
𝑏𝑓 = 67 𝑡𝑓 = 10

𝑭𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟐 𝑾
=1.4142(17.6778)
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 25 𝑘𝑁

𝑽𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝜱𝒘 𝑿𝒖 𝑨𝒘
Where:
𝑉𝑟 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝛷𝑤 = 0.67
𝑋𝑢 = 𝐻𝑂𝐶 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐸60𝑥𝑦)
USING FILLET WELD:

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
5𝑚𝑚
Throat = cos 45° [6]
Throat = 4.24 mm

LENGTH:

𝐿 = 229 + (229.20) + (647 × 2) + 67.11(2)

𝐿 = 684 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑤 = 684(4.24)
𝐴𝑤 = 2.9𝑚𝑚2

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.9)

𝑉𝑟 = 520.724
𝑉𝑟 = 521 > 25 𝑘𝑁

25 × 103 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (4.24𝐿)

𝑳 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎 𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
MEMBER AG

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.9)

𝑉𝑟 = 520.724
𝑉𝑟 = 521 > 30 𝑘𝑁

30 × 103 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (4.24𝐿)

𝑳 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅

Determine the number of electrodes used:

The electrodes that we used for steel are 6013.
According to the electrode amperage chart the 6013 has the diameter of 1.6
mm and the Amperage Range are 20-45. The density of unit is 18-8 stainless
steel have 8.2 welding consumable
To calculate use the formula,

𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 =
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

To solve for Electrode consumption, use the formula

𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (%)

KOBELCO - KOBE STEEL, LTD. -. (n.d.). https://www.kobelco-welding.jp/education-

center/references/references01.html
Then,

8.02
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
55%
𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟖

Thus,

In Member 𝐴𝐵:
33𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 68 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐴𝐺:
40𝑥30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 83 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠
PROBLEM B. Design

JOINT C HAS THE MOST STRESSES EXPERIENCED

FORCE MEMBERS
𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 125 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝐹𝐶𝐻 = 9.375 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝐹𝐶𝐵 = 6 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
𝐹𝐶𝐼 = 3.750 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

ASSUME:
C15X50
PROPERTIES
b = 381 𝑡𝑓 =17
𝑏𝑓 = 95 𝑡𝑤 =18

𝑀𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝐶𝐷

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67ɸ𝑤 𝑋𝑢 𝐴𝑤
Where
𝑉𝑟 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
ɸ𝑤 = 0.67
𝑋𝑢 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎
CONVEX FILLET WELD

𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡
cos 45° =
(2 + 1.5)
Throat = cos 45° [3.5]
Throat =2.47 mm

𝐿1 = 381 + (381.25) + (95 × 2) + (95 − 18)(2)

𝐿1 = 1081 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑤 = 1081(2.47)
𝐴𝑤 = 2.67 𝑚𝑚2

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.67)

𝑉𝑟 = 479.42
𝑉𝑟 = 479 𝑘𝑁 > 125 𝑘𝑁

125𝑥103 =0.67(0.67) (400) (2.47𝐿2 )

𝑳𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝟖𝟐 − 𝒎𝒎 𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
MEMBER CH

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.67)

𝑉𝑟 = 479 𝑘𝑁 > 100 𝑘𝑁

100𝑥103 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.47𝐿)

𝑳 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝟐𝟔 𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅

MEMBER CB

𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.67)

𝑉𝑟 = 479 > 52.5 𝑘𝑁

52.5 × 103 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.47𝐿)

𝑳 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖. 𝟑𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟏𝟗 𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝟓𝟐. 𝟓𝒌𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅

MEMBER CI
𝑉𝑟 = 0.67(0.67) (400) (2.67)
𝑉𝑟 = 479 > 37.5 𝑘𝑁

37.5𝑥103 =0. 67(0.67) (400) (2.47𝐿)

𝑳 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
Determine the number of electrodes used:
The electrodes that we used for steel are 6013.
According to the electrode amperage chart the 6013 has the diameter of 1.6 mm and the Amperage Range
are 20-45. The density of unit is 18-8 stainless steel have 8.2 welding consumable
To calculate use the formula,

𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 =
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

To solve for Electrode consumption, use the formula

𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (%)

KOBELCO - KOBE STEEL, LTD. -. (n.d.). https://www.kobelco-welding.jp/education-

center/references/references01.html

Then,

8.02
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
55%
𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟖
Thus,

In Member 𝐶𝐷:
282 × 30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 580 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐶𝐻:
226 × 30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 465 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐶𝐵:
119 × 30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 245 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠

In Member 𝐶𝐼:
85 × 30
𝑁 =
14.58
𝑁 = 174 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠