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Reactions in Aqueous Solution

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16 views

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

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animey810
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REACTIONS IN

AQUEOUS SOLUTION
LESSON 10
PRESENTED BY: NIÑA MAE R. MERCADO
Aqueous vs. Liquid

Aqueous means a substance is dissolved in


water whereas liquid is a pure substance in
its melted state.
Aqueous Solution
- The word aqueous is derived from the Latin word “aqua”
which means water.

- An aqueous solution is a homogenous mixture in which


one or more substances are dissolved in water. The
dissolved substances are referred to as solutes and
substances in which they are dissolved in the solvent.
Example:

Salt Water

Solvent: water (larger amount)


Solute: salt (lesser amount)
Everyday examples of aqueous solutions include
tea, coffee, and cola. Industrial examples include
hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and nitric acids.
Examples of environmental aqueous solutions
include rainwater, seawater, and groundwaters.
Biological examples include gastric acid, aqueous
humor, and blood plasma.
Electrolyte – it is a substance that, when dissolved
in water will result in a solution that conducts
electricity.
Example: salt dissolve in water
Nonelectrolyte – it is a substance that, when
dissolved in water will result in a solution that
does not conduct electricity.
Example: sugar dissolves in water
Question: Why is water called the universal
solvent?

- because water has the


ability to dissolve many
substances
Question: Is every substances soluble in
water?
- Not every substance is soluble in
water. Water is a polar covalent
compound. Polar compounds are
soluble in water like salt and sugar.
Non-polar compounds are not soluble
in water like oil and petroleum.
What happens when a substance is dissolved in water?
When we dissolved NaCl into the water, it separates or it dissociates its
respective ions.

Note:
Metals – lose electrons and become positively charged
Nonmetals – gain electrons and it becomes negatively charge
Hydration is the process of solute particles being surrounded by water molecules arranged in a
specific manner.

The separation of the sodium and chloride ions from the solid and their subsequent
dispersion into the water solvent is called dissociation.
3 MAIN TYPES OF
REACTIONS IN
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
ACID-BASE REACTIONS
REDOX REACTIONS
PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
A precipitation reaction is a chemical reaction that
occurs in aqueous solution and forms precipitates.

Precipitate – is the solid, insoluble mass that can form


when two aqueous solutions are mixed together.
We have here 2 beakers, the first one has a solution of silver nitrate. This is an ionic compound which means the
silver is a positively charged ion while the nitrate is a negatively charged ion.

Next is Potassium Chromite, another ionic compound, the potassium is positive and the chromite is negative,

When we mix the first beaker with the second beaker, a solid insoluble mass will form: Silver Chromite. (precipitate)
*Silver Nitrate reacts with Potassium Chloride

What is the precipitate?

?
*Iron III Nitrate reacts with Sodium Hydroxide

?
* Lead II Nitrate reacts with Potassium Sulfate

?
Acid-Base Reactions
• An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion H+ , is
transferred from one chemical species to another.

• When acids and bases react, a neutralization reaction occurs.


In this reaction, the acid donates an H+ ion. This joins with
the hydroxide ion from the base to form water, while the
anion from the acid and the cation from the base join to form
an ionic compound. Here is a typical acid-base reaction:
Acids – substances that release H+ ions in
aqueous solutions.

Base – substances that release OH- ions in


aqueous solutions.
• Here is a typical acid-base reaction:
7 Common Strong Acids
7 Common Weak Acids
Redox Reactions
• A redox reaction is one in which electrons
are transferred from one substance to
another.
Oxidation Reduction
• is the gain of • is the loss of
oxygen and the oxygen and the
loss of hydrogen gain of hydrogen
Oxidation Reduction
O xidation Is the L oss of electrons R eduction Is the G ain of electrons
SUMMARY
- An aqueous solution is a homogenous mixture in which one or more substances are dissolved
in water. The dissolved substances are referred to as solutes and substances in which they are
dissolved in the solvent.

- A precipitation reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs in aqueous solution and forms
precipitates.

- Precipitate – is the solid, insoluble mass that can form when two aqueous solutions
are mixed together.

- An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion H+ , is transferred from one chemical species
to another.

- A redox reaction is one in which electrons are transferred from one substance to another.
THANK YOU!

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