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41st INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD

UK Round One - 2009

MARKING SCHEME

Notes
Chemical equations may be given as sensible multiples of those given here.
Formulae can be given by any conventional method (i.e. structural or molecular).

State symbols do not need to be included in the chemical equations to obtain the
mark(s).

Answers should be given to an appropriate number of significant figures

although the marker should only penalise this once.

Total 64 marks.

Question 1
Answer Marks

(a) i) It is aromatic / the bonds in the ring are conjugated / there are 1
alternate single and double bonds in the ring / the electrons in the ring
are delocalised / very similar to benzene

ii) 3 peaks 1

iii) C2H6N8 + 7/2 O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + 4 N2 or 1

2 C2H6N8 + 7 O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O + 8 N2

(b) i) 19⁰ or 19.5⁰ or 19⁰28’ 1

ii) C8N8O16 → 8 CO2 + 4 N2 1

(c) C6H7N3O11 + 9/4 O2 → 6 CO2 + 7/2 H2O + 3/2 N2 or 2

4 C6H7N3O11 + 9 O2 → 24 CO2 + 14 H2O + 6 N2

7 marks

Note: Tests are to be taken under controlled conditions. Students must not have access to
the information contained in this marking scheme prior to, or during, the test.
Question 2
Answer Marks

(a) i) Moles = 13000/44.1 = 295 1

ii) Mass = 3 x 295 x 44.0 = 38900 g = 38.9 kg 1

(accept 39 kg)

iii) Heat energy = 2220 x 295 = 655000 kJ = 655 MJ

1

iv) 1 mol s-1 = 2220 kJ s-1 = 2220 kW, so 15 kW 1

= 15/2220 mole s-1 =15x24000/2220 =162 cm3 s-1

v) Still 140 psi (or 9.52 atm) 1

(b) i) Sensible bonding diagram with all single covalent bonds 1

Accept a bond angle anything between 90o - 105.5o 1

ii) Mass = 295 x 0.02 x 10-9 x 62.1 = 0.000000366 g 1

= 0.000366 mg
= 3.66 x 10-7 g
(accept 3.7 or 4.0 x 10-7 g)

(c) 6000 m3 CH4 = 6000 x 103 dm3 = 6000 x 103 / 24 moles, so we 1

get 6000 x 103 / 24 moles CO2 = (6000 x 103 / 24) X 44 g CO2
per hour. So in 16 days we get (6000 x 103 / 24) X 44 x 24 x 16
= 4224 x 106 g = 4224 tonnes
(accept 4200 tonnes)

9 marks

Question 3
Answer Marks

(a) i) P4S3 + 8O2 → P4O10 + 3SO2 (accept 2P2O5 + 3SO2) 1

ii) 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 1

iii) 3P4S3 + 16KClO3 → 3P4O10 + 9SO2 + 16KCl (accept 6P2O5) 1

iv) P4S3 / KClO3 = 660 / 1961 = 1 / 2.97 1

Note: Tests are to be taken under controlled conditions. Students must not have access to
the information contained in this marking scheme prior to, or during, the test.
 v) ΔrHØ = ( (3 x –2948) + (9 x –296.8) + (16 x –436.7 ) ) 2

– ( (3 x –154.0) + (16 x –397.7 ) )

= -11700 kJ mol-1

(b) i) 3 peaks 1

ii) 4 peaks 1

iii) 3 peaks 1

(c) 2

(accept any other reasonable structure, that fits with the data
and with elements in correct valencies)

11 marks

Question 4
Answer Marks

(a)

(b) i) O
Ph 1
OH HO
Ph
carboxylic acid alcohol

ii) O
H 1
Ph
O
Ph

Note: Tests are to be taken under controlled conditions. Students must not have access to
the information contained in this marking scheme prior to, or during, the test.
(c) O
O O
2
Ph
O O
Ph Ph Ph
anion C cyclic ester D

(d) O O
Br Br 2
OH Cl
Ph Ph Ph Ph
E F

(e) i) O
Br 1
N
Ph Ph
open-chain amide

ii) O
2
N Br
Ph Ph
cyclic bromide salt

10 marks

Question 5
Answer Marks

(a) i) It must be clear from the structure that arsine is not planar. Structures 1
similar to those shown below would be acceptable:

ii) 4AsH3 + 3O2 → 4As + 6H2O 1

(b) i) As2O3 1

ii) As2O3 + 6Zn + 6H2SO4 → 2AsH3 + 6ZnSO4 + 3H2O 1

(c) i) +5 or (V) 1

Note: Tests are to be taken under controlled conditions. Students must not have access to
the information contained in this marking scheme prior to, or during, the test.
 ii) Both the bonding and geometry must be clear, structures such as those 1
shown below would be acceptable:

(d) i) From the graph the t1/2 is 8 mins 1

k = ln2 / t1/2 therefore k = 0.087 min-1 (0.0014 s-1 or 0.144 x 10-3 s-1)
Accept values for t1/2 in the region of 7 to 9 mins ( k = 0.08 to 0.1 min-1)
also accept correct values for k given in s-1.

ii) [HAsO42- (aq)]t = [HAsO42- (aq)]0exp-(kt) 2

10 = [HAsO42- (aq)]0exp-(0.09*55)
[HAsO42- (aq)]0 = 1400 μg dm-3

For k = 0.08 min-1, [HAsO42- (aq)]0 = 800 μg dm-3 whilst for k = 0.1 min-1,
[HAsO42- (aq)]0 = 2400 μg dm-3. Full marks should be given for values
within this range.

(e) [HAsO42- (aq)]t=0 = [HAsO42- (aq)]eq + [HAsO42- (adsorbed)]eq 2

2- 2-
[HAsO ]
4 (aq) t = 0 − [HAsO ]
4 (aq) eq
Therefore: K = 2-
[HAsO 4 (aq) eq]
Rearranges to give:
[HAsO 24-(aq) ] t = 0 30
[HAsO 2-
]
4 (aq) eq = = = 0.16 μg/dm 3
1+ K 1 + 186

11 marks

Question 6
Answer Marks

(a) i) –13.6 eV Must have minus sign 1

ii) zero 1

–1
iii) 1300 kJ mol 1

(b) 2
3 3
Z eff
− 495.8 × 10 = −1312 × 10 × 2
32
Z eff = 1.84
(2 for correct answer; partial credit of 1 if expression is correct)
Note: Tests are to be taken under controlled conditions. Students must not have access to
the information contained in this marking scheme prior to, or during, the test.
 (Z − S ) 2
(c) energy of electron in 2p shell = − 13.6 ×
22
(Z − S ) 2
energy of electron in 1s shell = − 13.6 ×
12
energy released on transition from 2p to 1s
3
= × 13.6 × ( Z − 1) 2 = 8000
4
( Z − 1) = 28
Z = 29 element is copper, Cu 2

(Z − S ) 2
(d) i) energy of electron in 3d shell = − 13.6 ×
32
(Z − S ) 2
energy of electron in 2p shell = − 13.6 ×
22
energy released on transition from 3d to 2p
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ × 13.6 × ( Z − 7.4) 2 = 10000
⎝2 3 ⎠
( Z − 7.4) = 72.8
Z = 80 element is mercury, Hg 2

ii) HgS 1
(accept other possible mercury sulfide formulae)

(e) i) for C, energy released on transition from 2p to 1s

3
= × 13.6 × ( Z − 1) 2 = 10500
4
( Z − 1) = 32
Z = 33 element is arsenic, As 1
for D energy released on transition from 3d to 2p
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ × 13.6 × ( Z − 7.4) 2 = 10500
⎝2 3 ⎠
( Z − 7.4) = 74.6
Z = 82 element is lead, Pb 1

ii) CuAsHO3 (this assumes +2 oxidation state for Cu) 2

(f) for antimony, Sb, energy released on transition from 2p to 1s 1

3
= × 13.6 × (51 − 1) 2 = 25500 eV
4
(g) Balancing oxidation states: 1
( 2 x) + ( 2 × 5) + (7 × −2) = 0 implies x = +2
[ formula is Pb2Sb2O7 ]

16 marks

Total Marks 64

Note: Tests are to be taken under controlled conditions. Students must not have access to
the information contained in this marking scheme prior to, or during, the test.