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Section 4.6 Graphs Tangent and Cotangent Functions Used For Lesson

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3K views

Section 4.6 Graphs Tangent and Cotangent Functions Used For Lesson

Uploaded by

Priya Kalia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

6 Trigonometric Functions
Graphing the Tangent and Cotangent
Functions
Tangent Function
sin θ
Recall thattan θ = .
cos θ
Since cos θ is in the denominator, when cos θ = 0, tan θ is
undefined.
This occurs @ π intervals, offset by π/2: { … −π/2, π/2, 3π/2,
5π/2, … }
Refer to the unit circle and complete the following x/y table
from θ = −π/2 to θ = π/2 (one π interval), with 5 input angle
values.

− 0 u
1 n
2 2 d
−
−
2 2 1
0 1 0

2 2
1
2 2

1 0 u
n
d
Graph of Tangent Function: Periodic
Vertical
asymptotes
where cos sinθθ = 0
tan θ =
cos θ
tan
θ

−3π 3π/
/2 2

−π 0 π/ θ
/2 2

One
tan θ: Domain (angle measures): θ ≠ period:
π/2 + ππn
Range (ratio of y over x): all real numbers
(−∞, Keep
∞) in mind that tan θ is an odd function (tan(−θ) =
−tan(θ) );
Summary for the Graph of the Tangent Function
To graph y = tan x, use the identity
.At values of x for which cos x = 0, the tangent
function is undefined and its graph has vertical
asymptotes. y
Properties of y =
tan x
1. Domain : all real x

2. Range: (–∞, +∞) x


3. Period: π
4. Vertical asymptotes:

perio
d:
Steps to Graphing Tangent
y = a tan(bx − c) + d Function
To find the period:
bx = π

To find the asymptotes: π π


bx − c = − and bx − c =
2 2
In the middle of the asymptotes is the x-
intercept.
(add, divide by 2)
In the middle of each asymptote and the x-
intercept are significant points. To find
these, take the period and divide it by 4.
This will give you how apart each hash mark
should be. And the y-value = a
Example: Find the period and asymptotes and
sketch the graph of y

1. Period of y = tan
x is .

2. Find consecutive vertical x


asymptotes by solving for x:

Vertical
asymptotes:
3. Plot several
points in

4. Sketch one branch and


repeat.
Cotangent Function
cos θ
Recall thatcot θ = .
sinθdenominator, when sin θ = 0, cot θ is
Since sin θ is in the
undefined.
This occurs @ π intervals, starting at 0: { … −π, 0, π, 2π, … }
Refer to the unit circle and complete the following x/y table
from θ = 0 to θ = π (one π interval), with 5 input angle values.

0 1 Und
∞
2 2 1
2 2

1 0 0

2 2 −
−
2 2 1
0 – Und
1 −∞
Graph of Cotangent Function: Periodic
Vertical
cot asymptotes
where sincos
θ θ= 0
θ cot θ =
sinθ

−3π - −π π/ π 3π/
/2 π /2 2 2

cot θ: Domain (angle measures): θ ≠ πn


Range (ratio of y over x): all real numbers
(−∞, ∞) cot θ is an odd function (cot(−θ) =
−cot(θ)) ;
Summary for the Graph of the Cotangent Function
To graph y = cot x, use the identity .
At values of x for which sin x = 0, the cotangent
function is undefined and its graph has vertical
asymptotes. y
Properties of y =
cot x
1. Domain : all
real
x≠xnπ (n ∈ Ζ )
2. Range: (–∞, +∞) x
3. Period: π
4. Vertical
asymptotes:
x = nπ (n ∈ Ζ )
vertical
asymptotes
Steps to Graphing
y = a cot(bxCotangent
− c) + d Function
To find the period:bx = π

To find the asymptotes:


bx − c = 0 and bx − c = π
In the middle of the asymptotes is the x-
intercept.

In the middle of each asymptote and the x-


intercept are significant points. To find these,
take the period and divide it by 4. This will
give you how apart each hash mark should be.
And the y-value = a
Example 3 – Library of Parent Functions: f (x) = cot x

Sketch the graph of by hand.


Solution:
Example 3 – Solution cont
’d

The asymptotes occur where cotangent is


undefined.

Three cycles of the graph are shown below.


Example 1 – Library of Parent Functions: f (x) = tan x

Sketch the graph of by hand.


Solution:
Example 1 – Solution cont
’d

Between these two asymptotes which occur


where tangent is undefined, plot a few
points, including the x-intercept, as shown in
the table. Three cycles of the graph are
shown in Figure 4.56.

Figure
4.56

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