Aa¨vq-8: w¯’wZwe`¨v

1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

gbywgqv GKRb †dwiIqvjv, evwo evwo wM‡q Avg wewµ K‡ib| wZwb
Abyf~wgKfv‡e 2 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU mylg jvwVi GKcÖvšÍ nvZ †i‡L AcicÖv‡šÍ W
IR‡bi Av‡gi Szwo enb K‡ib|

K) B we›`y‡Z 200N ej KvR Ki‡j Ges BC= 1.2 wgUvi n‡j P=?
L) ‡`LvI †h, †jvKwUi Kuv‡ai Dci Pvc, nvZ I Kuv‡ai `~i‡Z¡i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
M) Kuva n‡Z Av‡gi Szwo I nv‡Zi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g a I x n‡j †`LvI †h, Kuv‡ai Ici
Pvc
(K) Gi mgvavb
BC=1.2 wgUvi
wgUvi= dmtfv

ev,

(L) Gi mgvavb
g‡b Kwi, AB jvwVi B cÖv‡šÍ W IR‡bi †evSvwU Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqvkxj| A
we›`y‡Z nv‡Zi Pvc P Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqv K‡i Ges C we›`y‡Z †jvKwUi
Kvu‡ai Ici Pvc R wµqv K‡i|

g‡b Kwi, †jvKwUi nvZ n‡Z Kuv‡ai `~iZ¡ =

wgUvi| AC= X wgUvi|
wgUvi|
mvg¨ve¯’vi Rb¨ P I W Gi jwä R Gi mgvb I wecixZ gyLx n‡e|

ev,
ev,
ev,
ev,
ev,

jvwVi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi I †evSvwUi IRb W wbw`©ó e‡j

AZGe x Gi gvb e„nËg n‡j Gi gvb b~¨bZg n‡e|
‡jvKwUi Kuv‡ai Ici Pvc ˆ`‡N©¨i e¨e¯ÍbycvwZK| (‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(M) Gi mgvavb
awi, B we›`y‡Z IRb we›`y‡Z Pvc P Ges Kvu‡ai Dci C we›`y‡Z Pvc R

Avevi, P I W ej؇qi jwä R

(i) bs n‡Z,
(‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
GKwU wiKkvi PvKvi g‡a¨ mg`~i‡Z¡ e„ËvKvi c‡_ †gvU QqwU †¯úvK (Spoke)
i‡q‡Q| †K›`ª n‡Z cÖwZwU †¯úvK eivei wµqvkxj ej¸wji g‡a¨ cici PviwU ej
h_vµ‡g Ges
K) wPÎ A¼b K‡i ej¸wj †`LvI|
L) PvKvwU †h‡nZz fvimvg¨ Av‡Q †m‡nZz cÂg Ges lô †¯úvK eivei Kvh©iZ e‡ji
gvb wbY©q Ki|
M) hw` PZz_© ‡¯úvKwU †f‡½ hvq Z‡e †`LvI †h cÂg †¯úvK eivei Kvh©Ki ej †h
cwigvY e„w× cvq, lô †¯úvK eivei Kvh©iZ ej †m cwigvY n«vm cvq Ges Zv
†f‡½ hvIqv †¯úv‡K Kvh©iZ e‡ji mgvb|
(K) Gi mgvavb

(L) Gi mgvavb
‡h‡nZz e„ËvKvi PvKvwU‡Z 6wU †¯úvK i‡q‡Q, ZvB †¯úvK ¸‡jvi ga¨eZ©x
†KvY=
g‡b Kwi, Aci `yBwU ej P I Q.
Gevi X Aÿ eivei ej¸‡jvi AskK wefvRb Ki‡j cvB-

ev,

ev,

ev,

y Aÿ eivei ej¸‡jvi AskK eivei wefvRb K‡i cvB-

ev,

ev,
ev,
I bs mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i

Aci ej `yBwU 23 N Ges 4N (cÖvq)

(M) Gi mgvavb
hw` PZz_© †¯úvK †fu‡O hvq,
g‡b Kwi, cÂg †¯úŠK Ges lô †¯úŠ‡K h_vµ‡g wbDUb e‡j e„w× Ges wbDUb ej
n«vm cvq,

ev,

ev,

ev,
ev,
ev,

cÂg †¯úv‡K 18N n«vm cvq Ges lô †¯úv‡K 18N e„w× cvq|

3 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
‡`Iqv Av‡Q P I Q `yBwU Am`„k mgvšÍivj ej (P>Q) Ges h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z
wµqvkxj|

K) hw` P I Q Gi wµqv‡iLv eivei h_vµ‡g (P+3) Ges (Q+5) gv‡bi ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡jI
Zv‡`i wµqvwe›`yi Ae¯’vb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Z‡e ‡`LvI †h, 5P=3Q.
L) P I Q Df‡qi gvb‡K hw` 5 wbDUb cwigvY evov‡bv nq Z‡e G‡`i jwäi cÖ‡qvM
we›`y x `~i‡Z¡ m‡i hvq| cÖgvY Ki †h,
M) P I Q e‡ji jwä C we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj| P I Q hw` ci¯úi ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i Z‡e
Zv‡`i jwä we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj| Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
(K) Gi mgvavb
P I Q e‡ji wµqvwe›`y C n‡j,

ev,
ev,
Avevi, I e‡ji wµqvwe›`y C|

myZivs
ev,
(‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(L) Gi mgvavb
P I Q e‡ji wµqvwe›`y C n‡j

ev,

Avevi, e‡ji wµqvwe›`y D n‡j

(cÖgvwYZ)
(M) Gi mgvavb

P I Q e‡ji wµqvwe›`y C n‡j

Avevi, P I Q ejØq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j P I Q e‡ji wµqvwe›`y

 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
ˆ`‡N©¨i GKwU myZvi `yB cÖvšÍ GKB Abyf~wgK †iLvi a `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z
A I B webD`‡Z euvav Av‡Q| W IR‡bi GKwU gm„Y AvsUv m~Zvi Ici w`‡q Aev‡a
PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i| P gv‡bi GKwU Abyf~wgK ej AvsUvwU‡K †U‡b B we›`yi Lvov
wb‡P w¯’i iv‡L|
K) Uvb I IR‡bi msÁvb `vI|
L) Abyf~wgK ej P Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
M) †`LvI †h, m~Zvi Uvb

(K) Gi mgvavb

‡Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K GKwU myZv ev `‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ Uvbv n‡j H myZv ev `Û eivei e¯‘i
Dci wµqvkxj ej‡K Uvb e‡j| †h e‡j c„w_ex †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K AvKl©Y K‡i Zv‡K IRb
ejv nq| e¯‘i IRb W fi Ges AwfKl©R Z¡iY g n‡j W=mg = e¯‘i fi × AwfKl©R Z¡iY|

(L) Gi mgvavb

GKB Abyf~wgK †iLvi a `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z A I B we›`y‡Z l ˆ`N©¨wewkó GKwU

gm„Y m~Zvi cÖvšÍØq Ave× Av‡Q| B we›`yi Lvov wb‡P W IR‡bi GKwU e¯‘‡K
Abyf~wgK w`‡K cÖhy³ P e‡ji mvnv‡h¨ w¯’ie¯’vq ivLv n‡q‡Q| g‡b Kwi, iwki
Uvb T Ges

g‡b Kwi, Zvn‡j †h‡nZz we›`y‡Z C Ges P, W, T ej PviwU

fvmmv‡g¨ Av‡Q, myZivs †h‡Kv‡bv w`‡K Zv‡`i j¤^vs‡ki exRMvwYwZK mgwó
k~b¨ n‡e| Abyf~wgK w`‡K wefvwRZ K‡i,
ev,
Avevi Djø¤^ w`‡K wefvwRZ K‡i,

ev,
ev,
ev,

wKš‘
ev, ev,

(‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

(M) Gi mgvavb

cÖ¨vKwUm Ask: m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1
GKwU ‡njv‡bv Z‡ji Dci f’~wg I‰`‡N¨©i mgvšÍiv‡j wµqvkxj h_vµ‡g I
`yBwU c„_K ej Gi cÖ‡Z¨K GKvKx IR‡bi †Kvb e¯‘‡K mgZ‡ji Dci w¯’ifv‡e a‡i
ivL‡Z cv‡i| [ n‡jv cÖwZwµqv ej]
K. ‡njv‡bv Z‡ji †KvY n‡j I e‡ji AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
L. †K I Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
M. I ejØq GKmv‡_ wµqv Ki‡j ‡`LvI †h,
m„Rbkxj cÖkœt-2
GKRb wµ‡KU e¨vUmg¨vb Zvi e¨vwUs cÖvw±‡mi Rb¨ Bw GKwU myZvi –
I cÖvšÍØq‡K Qv‡`i Bw `yi‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z `ywU wfbœ Abyf’wgK we›`y‡Z
†e‡a w`‡jb| Gi ci GKwU gm„Y IRbnxb AvsUvi mvnv‡h¨ IR‡bi GKwU ej‡K H
myZv †_‡K Szwj‡q w`‡jb|
K. Qv` †_‡K AvsUvi me©wbgœ we›`yi `yiZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
L. n‡j myZvi Uvb wbY©q Ki|
M. ejwU‡K hw` m~Zvi †h †Kvb we›`y †Z wMU w`‡q Szwj‡q †`Iqv nq Z‡e
‡`LvI †h As‡ki Uvb †hLv‡b nj wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-3
Nl©Ynxb g„mYZ‡ji eo Kswµ‡Ui eK‡K `yB Rb e¨w³ `ywU iwki mvnvh¨ f’wgi Dci
w`‡q †U‡b wb‡q hv‡”Q| iwk؇qi cÖhy³ ej h_vµ‡g – I Ges Zv‡`i AšÍf~©³
†KvY | wfbœ †Kv‡bv w`K n‡Z e¯‘i Dci ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j e¯‘wU w¯’i n‡q hvh|
K. Ges n‡j G‡`i e„nËg jwä wbY©q Ki|
L. wØZxq ivwk‡Z e‡ji cwigvY wظY A_ev wecixZgyLx Ki‡j Dfq‡¶‡Îi e¯‘wU‡K
w¯’i ivLvi Rb¨ †K wظY Ki‡Z n‡j †ei Ki|
M. 1g iwki w`K eivei e‡ji j¤^vsk n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-4
gnvk~‡b¨ Aew¯’Z `ywU e„nr e¯‘ I we›`y †_‡K we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z
A‡c¶vK…Z ¶z`ª GKwU e¯‘‡K wb‡Ri w`‡K AvKl©Y Ki‡Q| GB AvKl©Y e‡ji gvb
h_vµ‡g I Gi mgvbycvwZK|
K. ¶z`ªZi e¯‘wU I e¯‘؇qi †K›`ª ms‡hvMKvix mij‡iLvi Dci GKwU wbw`ó©
we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z n‡j Gi Dci cÖhy³ ej؇qi jwä wbY©q Ki|
L. ¶z`ªZg e¯‘i Dci cÖhy³ ej؇qi jwä I †Kv‡Yi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb m¤úK©wU
wbY©qKi|
M. cÖgvb Ki †h, ¶z`ªZi e¯‘wUi Dci cÖhy³ ej؇qi jwäi w`K †KvY‡K
Ges As‡k wef³ K‡i|
m„Rbkxj -5
GKwU e¯‘KYvi Dci Ges GKK gv‡bi wZbwU ej Kvh©iZ|
K. ej¸wji e„nËg I ¶z`ªZg ej؇qi e„nËg I ¶z`ªZg jwä wbY©q Ki|
L. ej¸wj mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡j ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©q Ki|
M. ej¸wj ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j jwäi gvb I w`K wbY©q Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-6
ej wZbwU GKwU we›`y‡Z wµqviZ †_‡K fvimvg¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q|
K. Kx k‡Z© GKB we›`y‡Z wµqviZ wZbwU ej mvg¨ve¯’vi m„wó Ki‡e?
L. I Gi AšÍM©Z †KvY I Gi AšÍM©Z †Kv‡Yi wظb n‡j cÖgvb Ki †h,

M. ej wZbwU h_vµ‡g Gi cwi‡K›`ª – we›`y‡Z Ges eivei

wµqviZwµqviZ n‡j †`LvI †h, hw` nq Z‡e

m„Rbkxj cÖkœt7
DÏxcK: m`„k mgvšÍivj ejÎq h_vµ‡g wÎfy‡Ri we›`y‡Z wµqv
Ki‡Q|
K., GK we›`y‡Z wµqviZ `ywU e‡ji GKwU AciwUi wظY Ges G‡`i jwä ¶z`ª ejwUi
wµqv‡iLvi Dci j¤^ n‡j ej؇qi ga¨Kvi ‡KvY wbY©q Ki|
L. DÏxc‡Ki ej¸‡jvi jwä j¤^ †K›`ª wµqviZ n‡j †`LvI †h,