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Introduction To Programming Using C#: By: Eng - Omar Islam

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27 views30 pages

Introduction To Programming Using C#: By: Eng - Omar Islam

Uploaded by

Sayed Younis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Programming
Using C#
Lab 2

By:
Eng.Omar Islam
Content

• Variables and Data types


• Type Casting
• Type Conversion
Part I

• What are variables ? And how they are declared


and used.
• How to assign values to these variables
• Getting values from the user
• Printing user’s values.
Variables is like boxes
SO instead of

• Console.WriteLine(“Omar”);
_______________________________________

• string firstName= “Omar”;


• Console.WriteLine(firstName);
• Console.WriteLine(firstName);
This is called expression

dataType variableName = value;

string firstName = “Omar” ;


int myAge = 25;
What are Variables/Constants
• Variables are the names you give to computer
memory locations which are used to store values in
a computer program
• Constants are also store a value but it can never
change in the application
Data Types
Variable Naming Rules
• The name must start with a letter or
an underscore (_). Example: omar or _omar
• The name cannot start with a number.
Example: 44omar
• Names are case-sensitive (e.g., Age and age are
different variables).
• It must not contain spaces, symbols (except
underscores), or C# reserved keywords (like int,
class, namespace, etc.).
Values Rules

• The value must be compatible with the data type.


• For numeric data types (int, float, double), it can be a
number.
• For char, the value must be a single character
enclosed in single quotes (e.g., 'A').
• For string, the value must be a sequence of
characters enclosed in double quotes (e.g., "Hello").
• For bool, the value must be true or false
Two ways of declaring variables

• int x =5;

• int x; //Declaration
x = 5; //Initialization

YOU CANNOT USE A VARIABLE THAT IS


NOT DECLARED
XXXX Y=5; XXXX
Practice 1

• Write the following statements in the editor:

int x=6,y=3;
s=x+Y;
Console.Writeline(“The first number is:”+ x);
Console.WriteLine(“The Second number is:”, y);
Console.WriteLine(“The Summation of {0} and {1} = {2}” ,x,y,s);

1- The application will not run for some errors .. Find these errors and correct them.\

2- Change the program to subtract the two numbers.


Now let’s take the input
dynamically from the user
Console.WriteLine(“Enter the first Number: ”);
int x=int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine(“Enter the second Number: ”)
int y=int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int s=x+y;
Console.WriteLine(“The first number is:”+ x);
Console.WriteLine(“The Second number is:”+ y);
Console.WriteLine(“The Summation of {0} and {1} = {2}” ,x,y,s);
Practice 2

• Write a program that defines two variables:


The first variable is string which defines the user’s Name
,The second variable is int which is the user’s Age,
and print the values of the two variables.
Casting

• Definition: is the process of converting


a variable from one data type to another.
• Types of Casting:
1- Implicit Casting.
2- Explicit Casting.
Data Types
Implicit Casting(Automatic)

• Performed automatically by the compiler when


moving from a smaller data type to a larger
type.
• No data loss occurs.
• Example:
Explicit Casting (Manual)
• When converting from a larger to a smaller
type, you need to cast explicitly.
• Deals with compatible Data types
• There is a risk of data loss.
• The decimal part is truncated, not rounded.
• Example:
.Parse() Method

• The .Parse() method is used to


convert a string representation of a number
(or other data types) into its corresponding
numeric type.
It's a form of type conversion because It deals
with incompatible types, but it’s specifically
used when you are converting
a string (like "123") into a number
(like 123).
Casting-Conversion-Parsing
Let’s Try

• Write a program where the user enters an


integer, and it's implicitly cast to a double.
Then explicitly cast it back to an integer and
display the result.
Ans.
Practice 2

• Write a program that takes a floating-point


number as input and prints its rounded value to
the screen.
Steps

• Take the input from the user and store it in


double variable.
• Add 0.5 to the input
• If the input is 3.4, adding 0.5 gives 3.9
• If the input is 3.6, adding 0.5 gives 4.1.
• Cast the float into int to get the rounded value.
Practice 2 Answer
Assignment 1

• Ask the user to input a decimal number and a


string, cast the decimal to an integer, and
concatenate the string and integer. Print the
result.
Ans.
Assignment 2

• Ask the user for a string representation of a


floating-point number and an integer, then
convert both and perform addition.
Ans.
Thank You

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