Discuss the different provisions related to preamble,

purposes ,principles and membership of united

nations organization.
Introduction
The United Nations is an international organization. It is aimed at
maintaining international peace and security. It develops friendly
relations among nations and achieves international cooperation. It was
set up in 1945 after the devastation brought on by World War II. It aimed
to promote dialogue and resolve conflicts peacefully.

What is United Nations Organization?

o The United Nations (U.N.), headquartered in New York, is a 193-

member international organization. It was established in 1945 in
order to avert another world war.
o During the Second World War, the leaders of the Allied
Governments conducted several meetings that eventually led to
the formation of the United Nations Organization (UNO).
o Participating nations signed the Charter. It was founded on
October 24, 1945.
o The United Nations has six official languages. Arabic, Chinese,
English, French, Russian, and Spanish are among them.

Formation of United Nations Organisation

o The United Nations is an International Governmental body that was

established in 1945 to promote political and economic cooperation
among its member countries.
o Following World War II, the League of Nations evolved into the
United Nations, of which practically every country in the world is
now a member.
o It is made up of five major components, including the United
Nations Economic and Social Council, which supervises the activity
of 15 specialized organizations.
o The United States is an international organization created in 1945
by 51 countries dedicated to maintaining international peace and
security, creating cordial relations among nations, and promoting
social development, higher living standards, and human rights.
o The United Nations’ membership has expanded from 51 members
in 1945 to 193 members now.
o The General Assembly is composed of all UN Member States. On
the proposal of the Security Council, states are admitted to
membership by a decision of the General Assembly.

United Nations Organisation - Structure

The United Nations has a number of specialized agencies. The

agencies of United Nations operate as autonomous entities inside
the United Nations. The General Assembly, Security Council,
Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, and
Secretariat are the primary components of the United Nations.

o
Functions of UNO

The United Nations’ work has an influence on people all over the world
on matters ranging from disarmament to efforts to combat terrorism
and extremism, from conflict prevention to peacekeeping and
peacebuilding, and so on. The following infographic shows the functions
of the United Nations:
Principal Organs of the United Nations

Preamble of the charter of UNO

June 26, 1945

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save

succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has
brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human
rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men
and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under
which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other
sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress
and better standards of life in larger freedom,

AND FOR THESE ENDS to practice tolerance and live together in peace with
one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain
international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles
and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the
common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of
the economic and social advancement of all peoples,

HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH

THESE AIMS Accordingly, our respective Governments, through
representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their
full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present
Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international
organization to be known as the United Nations.

Purposes of united nations organization

Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to

take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal
of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of
aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by
peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice
and international law, adjustment or settlement of international
disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for
the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and
to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international
problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian
character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human
rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as
to race, sex, language, or religion; and
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the
attainment of these common ends.

Principles of united nations organization

Article 2

The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in

Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.
 1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign
equality of all its Members.
2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and
benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the
obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present
Charter.
3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful
means in such a manner that international peace and security, and
justice, are not endangered.
4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the
threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political
independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent
with the Purposes of the United Nations.
5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any
action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall
refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the
United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.
6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members
of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so
far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international
peace and security.
7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United
Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the
domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to
submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but
this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement
measures under Chapter Vll.

Membership of UNO
Article 3

The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which,
having participated in the United Nations Conference on International
Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration
by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in
accordance with Article 110.

Article 4

1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving

states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter
 and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry
out these obligations.
2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United
Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon
the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 5

A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement

action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the
exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General
Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise
of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.

Article 6

A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the

Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the
Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the
Security Council.

UNO’s Contribution to the World

Some of the major contributions of the UN to the world include the

following:

o The UN has helped maintain peace by deploying peacekeepers to

conflict regions. This has helped many nations recover from violence.
o The IAEA is the UN's nuclear watchdog. It has safeguard agreements
with over 180 countries to prevent nuclear proliferation.
o The UN assists in clearing landmines in over 30 countries, saving
lives every year.
o Through the UN, countries coordinate counter-terrorism operations.
They have adopted the first global counter-terrorism policy to combat
terrorism.
o The UN adopted the Genocide Convention for countries to prevent
and punish genocide.
o The UN focuses on improving human potential worldwide. This is
achieved through initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals.
Most development aid comes from country contributions.
o The UN Food and Agriculture Organization works to end hunger by
promoting food security for all nations.
 o The International Telecommunication Union brings together
governments and businesses. It helps build global
telecommunication networks and improve infrastructure.

Conclusion
The United Nations Organization is extremely important in restoring
global peace. The United Nations was established with the goal of
finding solutions to keep the globe at peace. Since its inception, it has
aided governments in dealing with economic, social, and humanitarian
issues, as well as protecting refugees and promoting the long-term
development of the countries.