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Modern Waste Water Treatment Technology

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Eyob Mola
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33 views20 pages

Modern Waste Water Treatment Technology

Best book

Uploaded by

Eyob Mola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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by

WATER
ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGIES
• Water supplied to households, offices,
are used for many purposes, other than
drinking and food preparation, notably bathing
and showering, toilet flushing and the washing
of utensils, dishes and clothes. The used water
gravitates to the local sewer and becomes
‘sewage’.

 Treatment of sewage is essential to ensure that the receiving water into which the
effluent is ultimately discharged is not significantly polluted.
 To meet the standards for the quality of effluents from sewage works to be
discharged to rivers etc.
 To use treated sewage for gardening, irrigation, flushing, cooling systems, etc.
• The waste water generated from the process
industries cannot be directly disposed as it
will harm to the environment, hence that
effluent need to be treated to certain level to
achieve the desired outlet effluent quality
which is approved by government body or
same treated effluent can be recycle to save
the total water consumption in industry.

 Treatment of effluent is essential to ensure that the receiving water into which
the effluent is ultimately discharged is not significantly polluted.
 To meet the standards for the quality of effluents from industry works to be
discharged to rivers etc.
 To use treated effluent for gardening, irrigation, flushing, cooling systems, etc.
Sewage/Effluent Treatment Involves:

• Activated sludge refers to a mass of microorganisms cultivated in the


treatment process to break down organic matter into carbon dioxide,
water, and other inorganic compounds.
• The process has three basic components:
1. A reactor in which the microorganisms are kept in suspension.
2. liquid-solid separation
3. A sludge recycling system
• Screening:
Large solids (plastics, rag, toilet
paper residues) are removed first
by mechanical screens. The
material retained (‘screenings’)
is usually washed to remove fecal
matter and then compressed for
disposal to landfill etc.
Anaerobic Treatment
 Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which
microorganism break down biodegradable material in the absence of
oxygen.
 Anaerobic digestion is used as part of the process to treat
biodegradable waste and sewage sludge.
 Biological Treatment:
Sewage/Effluent then flows to an aerobic biological
treatment stage where it comes into contact with
micro-organisms which remove and oxidize most
of the remaining organic pollutants (BOD & COD).
Aerobic treatment is a biological process that uses
oxygen to break down organic matter and remove
other pollutants like nitrogen and phosphorus. It
converts the organic matter into carbon dioxide
and new biomass. During aerobic treatment,
oxygen is continuously required so forced air from
an air blower or compressor is mixed with the
wastewater. The aerobic bacteria feeds on the
waste in this water and aerobic treatment takes
place.
 Final settlement
Following biological treatment,
the flow passes to final
settlement tanks where most of
the biological solids are deposited
as sludge while the clarified
effluent passes to the outfall pipe
for discharge to outlet.
Sludge Treatment
In their initial form, most raw
(untreated) sludge's have a high
water content (96-99). Various forms
of treatment may be used to achieve
volume reduction by removing some
of the water content like filter
press, decanter centrifuge, sludge
drying bed, etc.
 MBBR (Moving Bed Bio Reactor – Running technology)
 MBR (Membrane Bio Reactor – Running technology)
 Extended Aeration (Old technology)
 RBC (Rotating Bio Contactor – Old technology)
 SBR (Sequential Batch Reactor – Old technology)
 FBBR (Fixed Bed Bio Reactor – Old technology)
 UASBR (Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Digester – old
technology)
 Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of
waste water treatment process that was first
invented by Prof. Hallvard Degaard at Norwegian
University of science and technology in the late
1980s
 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) processes
improve reliability, simplify operation, and require
less space than traditional wastewater treatment
systems.
 The MBBR system consists of an aeration tank with
special plastic carriers that provide a surface where
a biofilm can grow. The carriers are made of a
material with a density close to the density of water
(1 g/cm3). An example is high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) which has a density close to 0.95 g/cm3. The
carriers will be mixed in the tank by the aeration
system and thus will have good contact between the
substrate in the influent wastewater and the
MBBR - Flow Diagram

RAW
SEWAGE
SCREENING

RAW SEWAGE INLET Anoxic Tank


CHAMBER

CHLORINE

TREATED
WATER

DISINFECTION
AERATION TANK (MBBR)
CLARIFIER

SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK


 Uses Engineered Bacteria developed by Japanese Scientists.
 Systems are engineered, reliable, economic, compact & require no
maintenance as there is NO MOVING PART.

 No need to maintain MLSS or DO and no desludging required hence, no


need of an operator making it ‘Install and Forget Type’
 There is no odor as H2S is eliminated.

 Built in MSEP or FRP. No civil work needed except for Eq. tank

 Can be shifted from one place to another with ease.


 Responds to load fluctuations without operator intervention
 Lower sludge production
 Less area required
 Membrane bioreactor is the
combination of a membrane process
like microfiltration or ultrafiltration
with a biological wastewater
treatment process, the activated
sludge process. It is now widely used
for municipal and industrial
wastewater treatment.
 Simple and high-performance PVDF flat sheet type membrane
 Air is constantly diffused from beneath the bottom of membrane module
 Movable unit easy installation
 Modular design
 Minimize site construction works
 Built in MSEP or FRP. No civil work needed except for Eq. tank
 Can be shifted from one place to another with ease.
 Lower sludge production
MBR MBBR
Capital Investment High Low
Footprint Low Very Low
Flow Tolerance Low High
Aeration Blower Required Required
Air Scouring Blower Required Not Required
Screening Requirement High Low
Chemical Usage High Low
Operational Difficulty High Low
Product Water Quality BOD: < 5 BOD: < 20
COD: < 20 COD: < 100
TSS: < 5 TSS: < 15

Operating Cost High Low


THANK YOU
Water Engineering Technologies FZC

Q3-210, P O Box: 9323, SAIF Zone


Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Tel: +971 6 557 8230, Fax: +971 6 557 8231

Email: [email protected]

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