Tanks
Uploaded by
Jorge SantiagoTanks
Uploaded by
Jorge SantiagoAPI 653 TANK INSPECTION,
TANK MAINTENANCE,
AND
CAUSES OF TANK FAILURE
API 653 Tank Inspections
Why Inspect Your Tanks?
• Prevent leaks into your secondary containment or to
groundwater (if you do not have a secondary containment
system)
• Establish a baseline of tank condition and corrosion rates
• Identify problems to perform repairs before you have a
significant leak or release - Maintain your capital asset
• Minimize chance of catastrophic tank failure
PROPER INSPECTION PROTOCOL
INSPECTOR CREDENTIALS
• Certified API 653 Inspector
Four years minimum experience with storage tanks
Must pass test conducted by American Petroleum Institute (API)
Inspectors receive an individual inspector number
Inspector testing required every three years
PROPER INSPECTION PROTOCOL
• Visual inspection of welds, plates, and appurtenances
• UT (Ultra-sonic Thickness) testing of shell courses, floor, and roof
• Vacuum testing of all floor weld seams – unless epoxy coated
• Identify bottom side corrosion on floors
• Settlement Survey
Checking for planar tilt
Check for floor bulges or depressions
• Provide calculations for safe or maximum fill height
Weld deterioration
Plate corrosion
Interior piping corrosion
Shell corrosion
Weld deterioration and
four-way junction – NON API
Four-corner insert with
reinforcing backup – NON API
Evidence of interior shell corrosion
Foundation evaluation
Floor plate corrosion
Lap-welded seam leak
Floor coupon with bottom
side corrosion
Floor top side corrosion
Severe roof corrosion
Star light . . . Star bright!
TANK INSPECTIONS ARE NOT ALWAYS A BAD THING
THIS IS A HAPPY TANK
TANK MAINTENANCE – COMMON SENSE APPROACH
• Conduct monthly/weekly walk-around of your tank(s)
• Look for stains on steel where leak may be occurring
• Check valve function and nozzle welds
• Check associated piping
• Check foundation for wash-out/deterioration
• Keep good records of product in and out
TANK MAINTENANCE – COMMON SENSE APPROACH
• Open up your tank a minimum of every two years and conduct your
own visual inspection inside
• Check for weld deterioration and corrosion
• If tank is coated, visually check coating for blisters or cracks
• Keep a record of inspections and results
• If tank has an internal containment liner, check leak monitor weekly
• Conduct an API-653 inspection of your tank every five years as
recommended by TFI (The Fertilizer Institute)
WHAT IS THE API 650 SPECIFICATION
API - AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
Worldwide Standard for Above Ground Storage Tank Design and
Construction
• Provides requirements for calculations of shell plate thickness,
man-way and nozzle design
• Provides procedures for shell, roof and floor construction
• Specifies material requirements and minimum thickness
requirements
• Specifies weld construction requirements, weld spacing, and
x-ray requirements
CAUSES OF
CATASTROPHIC
TANK FAILURE
TANK FAILURES – COMMON CAUSES
• Tank shell plates not thick enough for specific gravity of product
stored
• Over-filling of tank – over pressure
• Cut-down and re-erected tanks using improper cutting and
re-welding procedures
• Improper weld procedures
Lack of full weld penetrations (lack of weld fusion)
Improper weld seam spacing
Lack of radiograph (x-ray) of newly constructed tanks or on
repaired tanks
TANK FAILURES – COMMON CAUSES
• Lack of weld fusion - #1 common cause
• Welders not certified and tested to weld procedure
• Weld deterioration/corrosion – especially in lower horizontal and
vertical weld seams
• Brittle fracture of steel
• Lack of proper certified inspections
• Tank erectors who know little about API Specifications and
procedures – these companies attract customers with a “cheap”
price. Make certain your contractor can verify that your tank
meets API Specifications. DO YOUR OWN HOMEWORK
Cut-down and re-welded tank
Improper weld spacing
Double wall 500,000 gallon
tank, Illinois 2008
Cause – overfilling and lack of
fusion on weld seams
Yards of destruction
Original tank foundation
Weld seam rupture. Force of rupture “pushes
back”. Rupture on side of camera location.
earthquake video
