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Lesson 1&2 Solutions COVID

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10 views

Lesson 1&2 Solutions COVID

Uploaded by

fatminion65
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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• are homogeneous mixtures

8.1 of at least 2 substances


• uniform throughout
Solutions • variable composition
ex. strong tea vs. weak tea
Solutions
Not solutions
• composed of 2 components
1. Solvent
- component in a sol’n that does the dissolving
- present in largest amount
- liquid, gas, solid

2. Solute
- component in a sol’n that is dissolved
- liquid, gas, solid

• refer to Table 8.1 pg 285


• Water is referred to as the UNIVERSAL
SOLVENT because it dissolves so many solutes
• Aqueous solution (aq): solution in which water
is the solvent

Ex. Ethanol & H2O

50mL ethanol 50mL water


• both dissolve readily
in each other in any
proportion
• liquids such as these
are said to be
MISCIBLE with each
other
• liquids that do not
readily dissolve in
each other are
considered to be
IMMISCIBLE
Miscibility is based on polarity…

Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents.

Non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar


solvents.

“Like dissolves like”


SOLUBILITY & SATURATION

Solubility: of a solute is the amount of


solute that dissolves in a given quantity of
solvent, at a certain temperature

Ex. solubility of NaCl in H2O at 20°C is 36 g


per 100mL H2O
• we use solubility curves
Solubility Curves
Saturated sol’n: is one in which no more
solute can be dissolved into the sol’n at a
fixed temp.
Unsaturated sol’n: is one in which still
more solute can be dissolved while the
temp. remains constant

supersaturated sol’n

saturated sol’n

unsaturated sol’n
8.2 Factors that affect Rate of
Dissolving and Solubility
Solubility
- determined by intermolecular attractions
between solute and solvent particles
(not intramolecular)

Important Property of a Solution


Rate of Dissolving
- how quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent
Depends on several factors
1. Temperature
- rate of dissolving as temperature does (for
most solid solutes)
- solvent molecules have a greater KE
(energy of motion) at temperature
- thus molecules collide more frequently

2. Agitation (stirring, shaking)


- rate of dissolving
- brings fresh solvent into contact with
undissolved solute
3. Particle Size
- particle size, rate of dissolving
- when you break up large mass into smaller
mass, this increases surface area that is in
contact with solvent
- this allows solid to dissolve faster

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