BLSL-7-ENGL 1 î î b = 0729150 0537Li99 LtbO m

1 ANSIISPI B151.7-1996

for Plastics Machinery -

Plastics Extrusion Machines -
Requirements for the Manufacture,
Care, and Use

National Standards Institute, Inc. Not for resale. No part of this publication
may be copied or reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval system or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the American National
Standards Institute, Inc., 1 1 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036.

-_-IA
American National Standards Institute
11 West 42nd Street
New York, New York
10036
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
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 ANSVSPI B151.7-1996
Revision and redesignation of
ANSI 6151.7-1982 (R1988)

American National Standard

for Plastics Machinery -

Plastics Extrusion Machines -

Requirements for the Manufacture,
Care, and Use

Sponsor
The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.

Approved November 7, 1996

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

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 S T D - A N S I B151.7-ENGL L 7 7 b 0 7 2 ’ i 3 5 0 0537451 017

American Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the
requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have
National been met by the standards developer.
Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards
Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially
affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple
majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and
objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their
resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence

does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the
standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products,
processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institutedoes not develop standards and will in
no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.
Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of
an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards
Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or
sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or

withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards
Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw
this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current
information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards
Institute.

Published by
American National Standards Institute
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Copyright O1997 by American National Standards Institute, Inc.

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproducedin any

form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

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Contents
Page
Foreword .................................................................................................. ¡i
Scope. purpose. and application......................................................... 1
Normative references ......................................................................... 2
Definitions ......................................................................................... 2
Care .................................................................................................. 4
Manufacture. remanufacture. and modif ¡cation requirements ...............5
Use ................................................................................................... 7
Signs and plates ................................................................................ 8

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Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSKPI B151.7-1996.)

This standard is a revision and redesignation of American National

Standard for Plastics Machinery and Rubber Machinery - Extrusion
Machines - Construction, Care, and Use, ANSI B151.7-1982. The stan-
dard was revised because:
- the scope needed to be expanded and the title modified;
- some illustrations required modification to conform to the text and
some illustrations were deleted to permit design freedom;
- additional definitions were required;
- some paragraphs required modification and some paragraphs were
added to conform more closely to changes in technology;
- some paragraphs required modification for clarity and intent.
A standard treating the manufacture, care, and use of extrusion machines
is complicated by the wide variety and sizes of machines manufactured
and in use, and by the virtually infinite combinations of parts being pro-
duced, production methods being used, and operating conditions existing
in industry today.
The primary objective of this standard is to minimize hazards to personnel
associated with machine activity by establishing requirements for the man-
ufacture, care, and use of these machines. To accomplish this objective, a
decision was made to approach the problem of machine safety from three
different directions:
a) The elimination, by design, of certain recognized hazards and the
establishment of standard approaches to design so that machines avail-
able from competitive manufacturers will have similar operational char-
acteristics:
b) Where recognized hazards cannot be designed out for technical or
operational reasons, then safeguarding the machine to protect the oper-
ator from recognized hazards;
c) Where elimination or safeguarding of hazards is not technically or
operationally feasible, providing appropriate warnings.
To assist in the interpretation of these requirements, responsibilities have
been assigned to the manufacturer, re-manufacturer, modifier, and the
employer .
Recognizing the impossibility of updating equipment and changing opera-
tion methods allied with existing machines immediately after approval date
of this standard, a 3-year period has been provided to employers for
updating machines.
Also, recognizing the impossibility of immediate updating of design and
manufacturing methods, clauses 5 and 7 shall become effective one year
after the approval date of this standard.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They
should be sent to The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Machinery
Division, Attention: Walt Bishop, 1801 K Street, NW, Suite 600,
Washington, DC 20006.

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Evidence of consensus on this standard was secured by use of the

Canvass Method.
The following organizations recognized as having an interest in the stan-
dardization of plastics extrusion machines were contacted prior to the
approval of this standard. Inclusion on this list does not necessarily imply
that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard
to ANSI.
Aerospace Industries Association
Alliance of American Insurers
American Automobile Manufacturers Association
American Insurance Services Group
American Standards Testing Bureau
Factory Mutual Research
Industrial Safety Equipment Association
Masonry and Concrete Saw Manufacturers Institute
National Institute of Standards & Technology
Robotic Industries Association
Rubber Manufacturers
Society of the Plastics Industry - Machinery Manufacturers Division
Society of the Plastics Industry - Molders Division
The Society of the Plastics Industry Extrusion Section - Standards
Development Committee on Machinery Standards, which was responsible
for developing this standard, had the following members:

Donn Lounsbury, Chairman Bob Monteith

(Davis-Standard Corp.) (Cincinnati Milacron)
James Nisse1
(WeIex)
John Rexford
(HPM Corporation)
John Schultz
(Macro Engineering)
Bill Wybenga
(Brampton Engineering)

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Explanation This standard uses a two-column format to provide both specific

requirements and supporting information.
of Standard The left column, designated “Standard Requirements,’’ is confined
Format solely to these requirements and is printed in bold type. Where
supporting photographs or sketches are required, they are desig-
nated as “figures.”
The right column, designated “Explanatory Information,” contains
only information that is intended to clarify the standard. This col-
umn is not part of the standard. Where supplementary pho-
tographs or sketches are required, they are designated as
“lllust rations.”
Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column
unless they are of such a nature as to be vital safety requirements
that are equal in weight to other requirements, or unless they are
guides to assist in compliance with the standard.

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUSPI B151.7-1996

American National Standard

for Plastics Machinery -

Plastics Extrusion Machines -

Requirements for the Manufacture, Care, and Use

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION

(Not part of American National Standard for
Plastics machinery - Plastics Extrusion Ma-
chines - Requirements for the manufacture,
care, and use, ANSI/SPI 6151.7-1996)

1 Scope, purpose, and application

1.1 Scope E1.1 Scope

The requirements of this standard shall Inquiries with respect to the ElPpliCatiOn O r
apply t o extrusion machines that are used the substantive requirements Of the standard
in the plastics industries. should be addressed to the Society of the
Plastics Industry, Inc., 1801 K Street, NW,
Safety requirements of ancillary equipment Suite 600,Washington, DC 20006.
used with extrusion machines are not cov-
ered by this standard.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to minimize
the hazards to personnel working on or
adjacent t o extrusion machines.
1.3 Application
1.3.1 New installations
The requirements of this standard pertain-
ing to manufacture shall apply t o all new or
remanufactured extrusion machines in-
stalled in the United States of America. Date
of shipment (month and year) shall be af-
fixed permanently and legibly to the ma-
chine along with the name of the manufac-
turer or remanufacturer. Compliance shall
be achieved within one year of the approval
date of this standard.
1.3.2 Existing installations
The employer is responsible for bringing
existing machines into compliance with the

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ANSVSPI 6151.7-1996

requirements of this standard within three

years of the approval date of this standard.
1.3.3 All installations
A n employer shall not operate a machine or
permit i t t o be operated unless it i s in com-
pliance with this standard.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions

which, through reference in this text, con-
stitute provisions of this American National
Standard. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. A l l standards
are subject t o revision, and parties t o agree-
ments based on this American National Stan-
dard are encouraged t o investigate the pos-
sibility of applying the most recent edition
of the standards indicated below.
ANSI 2535.1 -1991, Safety color code
ANSI 2535.2-1 991, Environmental and facil-
ity safety signs
ANSI 2535.3-1 991, Criteria for safety sym-
bols
ANSI 2535.4-1991, Product safety signs and
labels
ANSI 2535.5-1 991, Accidentprevention tags
ANSVNFPA 79-1994, Electrical standard for
industrial machinery

3 Definitions
3.1 emergency stop device: A trip rod,
cord, button, or electronic device that, when
actuated, stops a l l hazardous machine
movement associated with the specific ma-
chine.
3.2 employer: Any person who contracts,
hires, or is responsible for the personnel
associated with the operation and mainte-
nance of extruders.
3.3 extruder or extrusion machine: A ma- €3.3 extruder or exfrusion machine: See
chine that plasticizes and conveys solid Illustrations 1 and 2 for typical extrusion
and/or liquid material by means of one or machines.
more screws rotating within a barrel and
discharges it continuously.

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3.4 guard: A barrier, cover, enclosure, or

other device placed over areas where haz-
ards exist.
3.4.1 fixed guard: A guard that is fixed in €3.4.1 fixed guard: A fixed guard includes,
place and requires a tool for moving or but is not limited to, one that is fastened to
removal. the framework of the machine or floor.
3.5 instructions: Documentation for the
installation, operation, care, maintenance,
and safe use of the extruder.
3.6 interlock: An arrangement whereby
the operation of one control or mechanism
brings about or prevents the operation of
another.
3.7 maintenance personnel: Maintenance
personnel are individuals who by virtue of
their training and skills are qualified t o in-
spect, maintain, and repair extrusion ma-
chines.
3.8 manufacturer: Any person whose busi-
ness is the manufacture of equipment cov-
ered in this standard for installation in the
United States of America.
3.9 modification: For the purpose of this €3.9 modification: Modification is intended
standard, any change t o a product that to include adding, deleting, converting, or
affects personnel safety is considered a altering the original product. This could
modif ication. affect such areas as control systems, lad-
ders, enclosures, guards, etc., Anything that
has been added, moved or removed, con-
verted, or altered that affects the interface
between the extruder and personnel consti-
tutes modification.
3.1 O modifier: Any person who performs
a modification to an extruder.
3.11 operator: An individual who uses
the extruder t o perform production work.
3.12 remanufacture: A substantial resto- €3.12 remanufacture: Remanufacture
ration of the extruder. typically consists of the following:
- Complete dismantling of the extruder;
- Cleaning and carefully inspecting all
parts;
- Reworking worn parts to as-new condi-
tion, or replacing with new parts;
- Reconditioning barrels, screws, etc., to
meet applicable standards and guidelines;
- Completely reconditioning or replacing
power system components to meet appli-
cable standards and guidelines;

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ANSVSPI B151.7-1996

- Thoroughly inspecting all electrical and

control systems and replacing component/
systems, as required;
- Removing modifications that are not in
conformance with clauses 5 and 7 of this
standard and informing the employer of
the removal.
3.1 3 remanufacturer: Any person whose
b u s i n e s s i s t h e r e d e s i g n and/or
remanufacture of extruders for installation
in the United States of America.
3.14 repair: The restoration of a portion of €3.74 repair: Repair may include such
the extruder to original function using origi- items as replacement or rework of the barrel,
na1 design by replacement or reworking of screw, heater bands, motors, seals, meters,
worn or damaged parts. etc.
3.15 safety signs: A visual alerting device
in the form of a sign, label, decal, placard,
or other marking that advises the observer
of the nature and degree of the potential
hazard(s) that can cause injury or death.
3.16 shall: The word “shall’y denotes a
mandatory requirement.
3.17 should: The word “should” denotes a
recommendation.
3.18 vent cover: A barrier covering the
vent port opening.
3.19 vent port: A n opening provided in the
barrel to permit gasses t o exit from the
plastic material during processing.

4 Care

4.1 Instructions
4.1.1 Manufacturer E4. t. 7 Manufacturer
It shall be the responsibility of the manufac- Although much literature of a general nature
turer to furnish instructions with the ex- exists for guidelines in the care of these
truder. machines, each manufacturer’s product has
unique characteristics requiring separate
treatment. Reference to the specific instruc-
tions on safe operation of each builder’s
machinery should be made.
4.1.2 Modifier €4.7.2 Modifier
It shall be the responsibility of the person Many modifications and rebuilding efforts are
modifying an extruder to furnish instruc- so extensive that any original instructions
tions. from the original builder are invalidated.

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4.1.3 Remanufacturer
It s h a l l be t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e
remanufacturer t o furnish instructions with
the extruder.
4.2 Training of maintenance personnel €4.2 Training of maintenance personnel
It shall be the responsibility of the employer Much general literature exists to provide a
to ensure the original and continuing com- good foundation for training of personnel. It
petence of personnel installing, inspecting should be noted that extruders have unique
and maintaining extrusion machines. problems not necessarily identical to those of
other machines; therefore, reference to the
manufacturer’s manual is very important.
4.3 Inspection and maintenance €4.3 Inspection and maintenance
It shall be the responsibility of the employer To meet the requirements of this section, it is
to establish and follow a program of peri- recommended that a visual inspection of
odic and regular inspections of the extruder operations and safeguards be made. In
to ensure that all safeguards are in proper addition, an operational inspection should be
operating condition and are properly ad- made of all safety interlocks and emergency
justed. stop devices.
Each manufacturer, modifier, or remanufacturer
should have a recommended preventive
maintenance program for the machine. This
program can be used as a basis for periodic
operational inspections and maintenance. In
the absence of such a program, the em-
ployer should fulfill this requirement.

5 Manufacture, remanufacture, and

modification requirements

5.1 Responsibility
5.1.1 Manufacture
The manufacture of new extruders shall be
in accordance with clauses 5 and 7 of this
standard.
5.1.2 Remanufacture
l h e remanufacture of existing extruders
shall be in accordance with clauses 5 and 7
of this standard.
5.1.3 Modification
Modification(s) made t o existing extruders
shall be in accordance with clause 7 and the
applicable parts of clause 5 of this stan-
dard. Any modification shall not reduce the
level of safety existing on the machine prior
t o that modification.

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ANSVSPI B151.7-1996

5.1.4 Repair
Repair shall not reduce the level of safety of
the extruder.
5.2 Guarding
5.2.1 Feed opening €5.2.1 Feed opening

A l l feed openings shall be guarded to the A fixed hopper may serve as a guard if it
extent practical against accidental insertion Prevents access to the rotating S X ? ~ .
of body parts and clothing by the operator.
Safety signs shall be used i n this area i f
guarding is not feasible. See clause 7.
5.2.2 Heated surfaces
Guards shall be provided for heated sur-
faces that could cause injury by contact.
This shall apply except for surfaces requir-
ing operational accessibility in which case
a safety sign shall be provided.
5.2.3 Pressure limit devices
The extruder shall be provided with an ex-
trusion pressure-relieving device or a pres-
sure-limiting device.
5.2.4 Electrical connections to heated ar-
eas
Electrical connections to heated areas shall
be covered with a fixed nonconductive guard
or a grounded metal barrier t o prevent con-
tact with live terminals.
5.2.5 Access openings
Access t o hazardous areas for maintenance,
cleaning, or inspection shall be guarded.
5.2.6 Vent cover
A cover shall be provided over the vent port
t o protect personnel from hot plastic and/or
vapors which may be expelled during pro-
duction.
5.3 Emergency stop device
A l l extruders shall be equipped with an
emergency stop device that, when activated,
will stop the rotation of the screw(s) and
any other hazardous machine motion(s).
This device shall be readily accessible while
the extrusion machine i s operating.
Resetting shall not restart the machine, but
only enable i t to be restarted.

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ANSILSPI 6151.7-1996

5.4 Electrical systems

Extruders shall be designed and built to the
requirements of ANSVNFPA 79.
5.5 Power driven extruder unit
A n extruder equipped for powered locomo-
tion shall be provided with automatically
operated v i s u a l and/or a u d i b l e alarm
device(s) giving warning of both imminent
movement of the machine, and machine
motion. Either a protective trip device shall
be provided t o stop machine motion if a
person i s detected in the path of the ma-
chine motion; or, a hold-to-run control de-
vice may be provided if i t is located where
there is a clear view of the path of the
machine motion. Protective trip devices
include trip bars or chords, presence sens-
ing devices, etc.

6 Use

6.1 Instruction of operators E6.7 Instruction of operators

The employer shall train and instruct opera- The employer should consider setting up a
tors in the safe methods of operation, as checklist to ensure operators are kept aware
well as provide instruction on the safety of procedures to follow in operating the
devices provided, before they start work on machine safely. This checklist should be
any extruder covered by this standard. The . kept in the machine instruction manual and
employer shall ensure that correct operat- periodically (such as every 6 months), the
ing procedures are being followed. The employer should have operators check off
employer shall make all instructions avail- the list.
able to the operator and maintenance per-
sonnel.
6.2 Work Area
Adequate clearance s h a l l be provided
around machinery and equipment covered
by this standard. Space for cleaning ma-
chines, handling material stock and screw
shall be provided.
6.3 Ancillary equipment
It shall be the responsibility of the employer
t o ensure that use of ancillary equipment
does not reduce the level of safety embod-
ied in this standard.
6.4 Personal protective equipment
The employer shall evaluate hazards re-
quiring personal protective equipment and
ensure its use.

I
7

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ANSIISPI B151.7-1996

7 Signs and plates

7.1 General
All new signs and plates shall conform to
ANSI 2535 in color, format, and size, where
feasible.
7.2 Safety sign wording and location
Safety signs shall contain sufficient infor-
mation to be understood and be located as
close to the actual hazard as practical.

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ANSVSPI BI 51.7-1996

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