INDEX

Topic No. Topics Page No.

01 Divisibility Rules…………………………………………………………… 01
02 Remainder…………………………………………………………………… 04
03 L.C.M H.C.F.…………………………………………………………………… 07
04 Ratio and Proportion……………………………………………………. 15
05 Percentage…………………………………………………………………… 19
06 Problems on Ages…………………………………………………………. 25
07 Profit and Loss……………………………………………………………… 29
08 Simple Interest……………………………………………………………... 36
09 Compound Interest……………………………………………………….. 40
10 Time and Distance………………………………………………………… 45
11 Time and Work…………………………………………………………….. 54
12 Permutation and Combination………………………………………. 60
13 Probability…………………………………………………………………… 68
14 Average, Mixture, Alligation…………………………………………... 73
15 Clocks………………………………………………………………………….. 78
16 Calendar………………………………………………………………………. 82
17 Sequence Series……………………………………………………………. 86
18 Area Mensuration……...……………………………………………......... 89
19 Number Series……………………………………………………………… 94
20 Coding-Decoding………………………………………………………….. 96
21 Blood Relation……………………………………………………………… 100
22 Direction Sense…………………………………………………………….. 105
23 Syllogism……………………………………………………………………… 108
24 Order and Ranking……………………………………………………….. 113
25 Cryptarithmetic……………………………………………………………. 115
26 Seating Arrangements…………………………………………………… 118
27 Data Sufficiency……………………………………………………………. 123
28 Data Interpretation………………………………………………………. 125
29 Figure Patterns…………………………………………………………….. 129
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TOPIC 1
DIVISIBILITY RULES
1. If a number is divisible by both 11 and 13, then it must be necessarily divisible by:
A. 11+13 B. 13-11 C. 11x13 D. None of these
Solution
The number will be divisible by L.C.M of 11 and 13.
L.C.M = 11 × 13 Ans.

2. If the number 83462X704 is divisible by 3, then the sum of possible digits in place of X is:
A. 17 B. 15 C. 16 D. 19
Solution
83462X704 is divisible by 3.
⇒ 8 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 2 + X + 7 + 0 + 4 is divisible by 3.
⇒ 4 + X is divisible by 3. [Remove 3 or its multiples]
⇒ 1 + X is divisible by 3.
⇒ 1 + X = 3, 6, 9 ⇒ X = 2, 5, or 8
⇒ Sum = 2 + 5 + 8 = 15 Ans
.
3. The largest number which should replace X in the number 2365X4 to make the number divisible by 4
is:
A. 9 B. 0 C. 2 D. 8
Solution
X4 is divisible by 4.
⇒ (10X + 4) is divisible by 4. (Remove 8X and 4 as they are multiples of 4)
⇒ 2X is divisible by 4. ⇒ X = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ⇒ Maximum possible value of X = 8 Ans.

4. If the number 1005X4 is divisible by 8, then smallest integer in place of X will be:
A. 1 B. 0 C.4 D. 2
Solution
1005X4 is divisible by 8.
⇒ 5X4 is divisible by 8.
⇒ 500 + 10X + 4 is divisible by 8.
⇒ 504 + 10X is divisible by 8.
Remove 8X and 504 as they are multiples of 8.
⇒ 2X is divisible by 8.
⇒ 2X = 0, 8, 16
⇒ X = 0, 4, 8 ⇒ Smallest X = 0 Ans.

5. If 746832X71 is divisible by 9, then digit in place of X is:

A. 7 B. 1 C. 6 D. 9
Solution
746832X71 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 7 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 3 + 2 + X + 7 + 1 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 11 + X is divisible by 9. [Remove 9 or its multiples]
⇒ 2 + X is divisible by 9.
⇒ X = 7 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 1

Topic 1: Divisibility Rules

6. How many pairs of X and Y are possible in the number 763X4Y2, if the number is divisible by 9?
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
Solution
763X4Y2 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 7 + 6 + 3 + X + 4 + Y + 2 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 4 + X + Y is divisible by 9.
4+X+Y=9 4 + X + Y = 18
X+Y=5 X + Y = 14
5+0
4+1 9+5
3+2 8+6
6 pairs 2 + 3 5 pairs 7 + 7
1+4 6+8
0+5 5+9
6 + 5 = 11 pairs Ans.

7. If 8947A56B1 is divisible by 9, where B is an odd number, find the sum of all possible values of A?
A. 26 B. 27 C.30 D. 36
Solution
8 9 4 7 A 5 6 B 1 is divisible by 9.
4 + A + B is divisible by 9.
⇒ 4 + A + B = 9 or 18
A+B=5 or A + B = 14
4+1 5+9
2+3 7+7
0+5 9+5
⇒ Required sum = 4 + 2 + 0 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 27 Ans.

8. What is the least value of X such that 517X324 is divisible by 12?

A. 3 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2
Solution
12

3 4
517X324 517X324
⇒ 4 + X is divisible by 3 24/4
⇒ 1 + X is divisible by 3 ⇒ X can be any value.
⇒ Xmin = 2 Ans.

9. If 11-digit number 543247X968Y is divisible by 90, then the value of 4X + 5Y is:

A. 24 B. 21 C. 25 D. 16
Solution
90

9 10
543247X968Y 543247X968Y is divisible by 10
12 + X + Y is divisible by 9 ⇒ Y = 0 and X = any value
3 + X is divisible by 9 since Y=0
⇒X=6
Hence, 4X + 5Y = 4 x 6 + 0 = 24 Ans.

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10. If 7-digit number 5656X52 is divisible by 72, then the value of X is:
A. 5 B. 3 C. 7 D. 8
Solution
72

8 x 9

5656X52 is divisible by 8 5656X52 is divisible by 9

X52 is divisible by 8 11 + X is divisible by 9
752 is divisible by 8 2 + X is divisible by 9
⇒ X = 7 Ans.

11. If 7-digit number 91876X2 is divisible by 72, then the value of X is:
A. 2 B. 6 C. 7 D. 3
Solution
72

9 8

91876X2 is divisible by 9 91876X2 is divisible by 8

6 + X is divisible by 9 6X2 is divisible by 8
⇒ X = 3 Ans. 632 is divisible by 8

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Topic 2: Remainder

TOPIC 2
REMAINDER
1. What is the remainder when 617 + 1176617 + 1176 is divided by 7?
A. 2 B. 1.999 C. 3 D. None of these
Solution
r =1 r=1 r=0
617 + 1176617 + 1176 1+1+0=2 Ans.

2. Find the remainder when 83 x 85 x 87 x 88 x 91 is divided by 41?

A. 32 B. 31 C. 29 D. 34
Solution
r=1 r=3 r=5 r=6 r=9
83 × 85 × 87 × 88 × 91

41
1 × 3 ×5 × 6 × 9
⇒
41

90 × 9 8×9 72
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 31 Ans.
41 41 41

3. A number when divided by 1003 gives a remainder of 209. If the same number is divided by 59, the
remainder will be?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 209
1003
Let N = 209
N 209
Now, ⇒ ⇒ r = 32 Ans.
59 59

4. If a number is divided by 129, then the remainder is 27. If 4 times of this number is divided by 86,
what will be the value of remainder?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 27
129
Let N = 27
4N 4 × 27 108
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 22 Ans.
86 86 86

5. If a number is divided by 21, then the remainder is 13. If thrice of the square of this number is
divided by the same divisor, what will be the value of remainder?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 13
21
Let N = 13
3N2 3× N×N 3 × 13 × 13 3 × 169 3×1
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 3 Ans.
21 21 21 21 21

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6. A number when divided by 296 gives a remainder of 75. If the same number is divided by 37, the
remainder will be?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 19 D. 31
Solution
N
⇒ r = 75
296
Let N = 75
N 75
Now, ⇒ ⇒ r = 1 Ans.
37 37

7. When n is divided by 6, the remainder is 4. When 2n is divided by 6, what will be the remainder?
Solution
Given,
N
⇒r=4
6
Let N = 4
2N 2x4 8
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 2 Ans.
6 6 6

8. When the integer ‘N’ is divided by 8, the remainder is 3. What is the remainder when 6n is divided by
8?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Solution
N
⇒r=3
8
Let N = 3
6N 6x3 18
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 2 Ans.
8 8 8

9. When the integer ‘N’ is divided by 253, the remainder is 8. What will be the remainder when 7N 2 + 5 is
divided by 23?
Solution
N
⇒r=8
253
Let N = 8
7 x N2 +5 7 x N x N+5 7 x 8 x 8+5 56 x 8 + 5 10 x 8 + 5 85
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 16 Ans.
23 23 23 23 23 23

10. When the integers N1 & N2 are divided by 17, the remainders are 13 and 11 respectively. What will be
the remainder when N1 + N2 is divided by 17?
Solution
N1 N2
⇒ r = 13 and ⇒ r = 11
17 17
Let N1 = 13 and N2 = 11
(N1 +N2 ) 13+11 24
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 7 Ans.
17 17 17

11. When the integer ‘N’ is divided by 21, the remainder is 16. What is the remainder when 8N is divided
by 21?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 16
21
Let N = 16
8×N 8 x 16 128
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 2 Ans.
21 21 21

12. What is the remainder if 281 is divided by 5?

Solution
20
281 (24 ) ×2 120 × 2
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 2 Ans.
5 5 5

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Topic 2: Remainder

13. What is the remainder if (32^31)^301 is divided by 9?

A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1
Solution
3110
3231 ×301 531 ×301 59331 (53 ) ×5
⇒ ⇒ ⇒
9 9 9 9
(125)3110 ×5 (−1)3110 ×5 5
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 5 Ans.
9 9 9

14. What is the remainder if 7221 is divided by 25?

A. 22 B. 23 C. 45 D. 1
Solution
7
7221 (−3)21 −(3)21 −(33 ) −(27)7 −(2)7
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒
25 25 25 25 25 25
−(128) −(3)
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = -3 ⇒ r = - 3 + 25 = 22 Ans.
25 25

15. Find the maximum integer value of ‘n’ such that when (44) 44 is divided by 8n, the remainder is zero.
Solution
(44)44
⇒r=0
8n
Break into prime factors
44
(4 ×11)44 (22 ×11) 288 × 1144
= = ⇒r=0
(23 )n 23n 23n
As r = 0 ⇒ 288 × 1144 is completely divisible by 23n.
For this to be possible, the power of 2 in denominator should be less than or equal to that in numerator.
⇒ 3n ≤ 88
88
⇒n≤
3
⇒ n ≤ 29.33
⇒ nmax = 29 Ans.

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TOPIC 3
HCF AND LCM
1. Find L.C.M & H.C.F of 72, 288 and 900.
Solution
9&4 9 72 , 288 , 900
divides 4 8 32 100
all the 2 8 25
numbers
So, H.C.F = 9 x 4 = 36
And L.C.M = 9 x 4 x L.C.M of (2,8,25)
= 36 x 200 = 7200

2. Find L.C.M & H.C.F of 64, 69 and 84.

Solution There is no number which divides all of
4 64 , 269 , 84 them ⇒H.C.F =1. Think of a no which
3 16 69 21 divides two of them.
16 23 7
Now there is nothing common even
L.C.M = 4 x 3 x 16 x 23 x 7 pairwise

3. Find L.C.M & H.C.F of 128, 484 and 424.

Solution 4 divides all of them
4 128 , 484 , 424
2 32 121 106 No number divides all of
16 121 53 them, so think pairwise now

Now there is nothing

So, H.C.F = 4
common even pairwise
L.C.M = 4 x 2 x 16 x 121 x 53

4. Find the largest 3-digit number which is a multiple of 28.

Solution
28 999 35
84
159
140
19
999
⇒ ⇒ r = 19
28
980
⇒ ⇒ r = 0 ⇒ 980 is the required answer
28

5. Find the smallest 4-digit number which is a multiple of 39.

Solution
39 1000 25
78
220
195
25
1000
⇒ ⇒ r = 25
39
So, to make dividend as a 4-digit number, add divisor in dividend.
1000−25+39
⇒ ⇒r=0
39
⇒ 1014 is the required answer
#Code with KodNest Page | 7
Topic 3: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

6. Find the smallest number (greater than divisor) which when divided by 4, 7 or 11 leaves same
remainder of 3 in each case.
Solution
Given,
4N 7N 11 N

r=3 r=3 r=3

This is L.C.M model 1.
⇒ Least value of N = L.C.M of divisors + r
= (4 x 7 x 11) + 3
= 308 + 3
= 311 Ans.

7. Find the smallest 4-digit number which when divided by 4, 7 or 11 leaves same remainder of 3 in
each case.
Solution
We know,
In general, N = K(L.C.M of divisors) + r
= 308K + r
308 1000 3
924
76
1000
⇒ ⇒ r = 76
308
1000−76+308
⇒ ⇒r=0
308
1000−76+308+3
⇒ ⇒r=0+3
308
⇒ Required number = 1235 Ans.

8. Find the largest 4-digit number which when divided by 4, 7 or 11 leaves same remainder of 3 in
each case.
Solution
308 9999 32 [308 is the L.C.M of divisors]
924
759
616
143
9999
⇒ ⇒ 143
308
9999
⇒ ⇒ r = 143
308
9999−143
⇒ ⇒r=0
308
9999−143+3
⇒ ⇒r=0+3
308
⇒Required N = 9999 – 143 + 3 = 9859 Ans.

9. Find the smallest number which when divided by 4 & 7 gives remainder of 2 & 5 respectively.
Solution
Given, 4 N 7N

r=2 r=5
-ve remainder -ve remainder
=2–4 =5–7
= -2 = -2
Same
⇒ L.C.M model 2
⇒ NLeast = L.C.M of divisors + (-ve remainder)
= L.C.M of (4,7) + (-2) = 28 – 2 = 26 Ans.

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10. Find the smallest number which when divided by 5, 7, 11 or 13 gives remainder of 2, 4, 8 and 10
respectively.
Solution
Given, 5N 7N 11 N 13 N

2 4 8 10
-ve rem -ve rem -ve rem -ve rem
=2–5 =4–7 = 8 – 11 = 10 – 13
= -3 =-3 =-3 =-3

Same -ve remainder

⇒ L.C.M model 2
⇒NLeast = L.C.M of divisors + (-ve remainder)
= L.C.M of (5,7,11,13) + (-3)
= 5 x 7 x 11 x 13 - 3
= 91 x 11 x 5 – 3
= 5005 – 3
= 5002 Ans.

11. Find the largest 4-digit number which when divided by 5 & 9 gives remainder of 3 & 7 respectively.
Solution
Given, 5N 9N

3 7
-ve remainder -ve remainder
= 3 – 5 = -2 = 7 – 9 = -2

45 9999 222 (45 is the L.C.M of 5 & 9)

90
99
90
99
90
9
9999−9
⇒ ⇒r=9–9
45
9999−9+(−2)
⇒ ⇒ r = 0 + (-2) = -2
45
⇒Required N = 9988 Ans.

12. Find the smallest 6-digit number which when divided by 7 & 11 gives remainder of 3 & 7 respectively.
Solution
Given, 7 N 11 N

3 7
-ve remainder -ve remainder
=3–7 = 7 – 11
= -4 = -4

77 100000 1298 77 100000(-54)

77 +77
230 -4
154 54-54-4 = -4
760 ⇒ Required number is 100000-54+77-4
693 = 100000+19 = 100019 Ans.
670
616
54
#Code with KodNest Page | 9
Topic 3: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

13. The least number which when divided by 48, 60, 72, 108 and 140 leaves 38, 50, 62, 98 and 130 as
remainder respectively, is:
A. 4562 B. 15110 C. 2135 D. 7589
Solution
N
⇒ r = 38 ⇒ r = -10
48
N
⇒ r = 50 ⇒ r = -10
60
N
⇒ r = 62 ⇒ r = -10
72
N
⇒ r = 98 ⇒ r = -10
108
N
⇒ r = 130 ⇒ r = -10
104
⇒ L.C.M model 2
⇒ Least value of N = L.C.M of (48,60,72,108,140) + (-ve remainder)

4 48, 60, 72, 108, 140

3 12 15 18 27 35
3 4 5 6 9 35
2 4 5 2 3 35
5 2 5 1 3 35
2 1 1 3 7

⇒ N = (4 x 3 x 3 x 2 x 5 x 2 x 3 x 7) + (-10)
= 15120 – 10 = 15110 Ans.

14. In a class, there are less than 500 students. When divided by 3, it gives a whole number. Similarly,
when it is divided by 4, 5 or 7, it gives a whole number. Find the no. of students in the class:
A. 242 B. 424 C. 342 D. 420
Solution
Let the number of students be N.
N
⇒r=0
3
N
⇒r=0
5
N
⇒r=0
4
N
⇒r=0
7
⇒ N = K x L.C.M of (3, 4, 5, 7) + (remainder)

= K [ 3 x 4 x 5 x 7] + (0)
= 420K

For N < 500, K = 1 ⇒ N =420 Ans.

15. When a number divided by 13, remainder is 11. When the same number is divided by 17, then the
remainder is 9. What is the number?
A. 339 B. 349 C. 369 D. Data inadequate
Solution
Check all the options one-by-one.
Only option B satisfies the given remainder values.

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16. What is the perfect square, which is divisible by 24, 30, 60?
A. 1600 B. 3600 C. 14400 D. 32400
Solution
L.C.M of 24, 30, 60
3 24, 30, 60
5 8 10 20
28 2 4
24 1 2
2 1 1
L.C.M = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
Now, Required no. = K x L.C.M + 0 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5)K
For making a perfect square, K = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
N = (2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5) × 2 × 3 × 5 = 3600 Ans.

17. What is the largest number which when divides 150, 180, 144 leaves the same remainder in each case?
A. 12 B. 6 C. 3 D. 8
Solution
Required no. = H.C.F of [(180 – 150), (180 – 144), (150 – 144)]
= H.C.F of (30, 36, 6) = 6 Ans.

18. H.C.F of 22×32×72 and 2×34×7 is?

A. 128 B. 126 C. 146 D. 434
Solution
N1 = 22 x 32 x 72
N 2 = 2 x 3 4 x 71
For H.C.F, we take minimum powers
⇒ H.C.F = 21 x 32 x 71
=2x9x7
= 126 Ans.

19. The G.C.D of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is:

A. 0.03 B. 0.9 C. 0.18 D. 0.108
Solution
G.C.D means H.C.F
108 27
N1 = 1.08 = =
100 25
36 9
N2 = 0.36 = =
100 25
9
N3 = 0.9 =
10
27 9 9 H.C.F (27, 9, 9)
H.C.F ( , , )= L.C.M (25, 25, 10)
25 25 10
9 18
= = = 0.18 Ans.
50 100

20. The L.C.M of 0.2, 2.7 and 0.09 is:

A. 5.4 B. 0.54 C. 5.5 D. 0.054
Solution

0.2, 2.7, 0.09

2 27 9
, ,
10 10 100
1 27 9
, ,
5 10 100

L C M (1 , 27 , 9) 27 54
L.C.M = = = = 5.4 Ans.
H.C.F (5 , 10 , 100) 5 10

#Code with KodNest Page | 11

Topic 3: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

21. What is the largest number that will divide 90207, 232585 and 127986 without leaving a
remainder?
A. 257 B. 905 C. 351 D. 498
Solution
90207 232585 127986
3✔ 5 3✔
9✔ 9× 9×
odd 2✔
H.C.F: (a) 257 (b) 905 (c) 351 (d) 498

✔ 5 9 2
5 does not 9 does not 2 does not
divide divide divide
90207 & 232585 & 90207 &
127986 127986 232585

22. Sudhir goes to the market once every 64 days and Sushil goes to the same market once every 72
days. They met each other one day. How many days later will they meet each other again?
A. 567 B. 576 C. 765 D. None of these
Solution
L.C.M of 64, 72 8 64, 72
=8x8x9 8, 9
= 8 x 72
= 576 Ans.

23. The H.C.F of two numbers is 11 and their L.C.M is 7700. If one of the numbers is 275, then the other
is:
A. 308 B. 208 C. 318 D. 283
Solution
H.C.F × L.C.M = N1 . N2
⇒ 11 × 7700 = 275 × N2
⇒ N2 = 77 x 4 = 308 Ans.

24. Let p and q be two prime numbers such that p is greater than q. If 319 is their L.C.M, then the
difference of thrice of q and p is:
A. 1 B. 0 C. 4 D. 9
Solution
H.C.F =1, L.C.M = 319 and p & q are prime
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Co-prime pair
⇒ 319 = 1 × 319

= 1 × 11 × 29 ⇒ q = 1 × 11 = 11 and p = 1 × 29 = 29
Or,
= 1 × 1 × 319 ⇒ q = 1 and p = 319 (Not prime)
⇒ 3q – p = 3 × 11 – 29 = 4 Ans.

25. Let 13 and 273 are the H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers respectively. If one of them is less than 140
and greater than 60, then what will be that number?
A. 121 B. 91 C. 75 D. 131
Solution
H.C.F =13, L.C.M = 273
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Co-prime pair
⇒ 273 = 13 × 21

1 × 21 ⇒ N1 = 13 × 1 = 13 and N2 = 13 × 21 = 273 (>140)

or
3 × 7 ⇒ N1 = 13 × 3 = 39 and N2 = 13 × 7 = 91 (60<91<140) Ans.

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26. Sum of squares of two numbers is 2754, their H.C.F is 9 and L.C.M is 135. Find the numbers.
A. 45, 36 B. 45, 27 C. 54, 27 D. None of these
Solution
H.C.F = 9, L.C.M = 135
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Co-prime pair
⇒ 135 = 9 × 15

1 × 15 ×
Or,
3 × 5 ⇒ N1 = 9 × 3 = 27 and N2 = 9 × 5 = 45

Also, 272 + 452 = 2754

So, N1 = 27 and N2 = 45 Ans.

27. If 19 and 1140 are the respective H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers, which are greater than 19, then what
will be the possible number of such pair?
A. 0 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
Solution
H.C.F = 19, L.C.M = 1140
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Co-prime pair
⇒ 1140 = 19 × 60
So, all possibilities of co-prime pair will be
19 N1 N2
1 60 ×
2 30 ×
3 20 ✔
4 15 ✔ 3 pairs possible. Ans.
5 12 ✔
6 10 ×

28. The ratio of two numbers is 3:4 and their H.C.F is 4. Their L.C.M is:
A. 12 B. 16 C. 24 D. 48
Solution
H.C.F = 4
L.C.M = H.C.F x Co-prime pair = H.C.F x Ratio = 4 x (3 x 4) = 48 Ans.

29. The H.C.F of two numbers is 12 and their difference is also 12. The numbers are -
A. 66, 78 B. 94, 104 C. 70, 82 D.84, 96
Solution
H.C.F = 12
N2 – N1 = 12

12 N1 N2
x x + 1 ( ∵ N2 – N1 = 12)
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7 N1 N2
7 8 12 x 7 12 x 8
= 84 = 96

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Topic 3: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

30. What is the least amount that a person can have, such that when he distributes it into groups of
Rs.16 or Rs.18 or Rs. 20 or Rs. 25, he is always left with Rs. 4?
A. Rs. 1796 B. Rs. 1804 C. Rs. 2596 D. Rs. 3604
Solution
Least amount = L.C.M of (16, 18, 20, 25) + 4 2 16, 18, 20, 25
= 3600 + 4 = 3604 Rs. Ans. 2 8, 9, 10, 25
5 4, 9, 5, 25
4, 9, 1, 5
L.C.M = 2×2×5×4×9×5 = 3600

31. The least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but when divided by 9
leaves no remainder.
A. 1167 B. 1683 C. 1898 D. 3363 E. None of these
Solution
Least no. = K . L C M of (5 ,6 ,7 ,8) + 3
= 840 K + 3

840K+3
r=0
9
-810 K
-27K
3K+3
r=0
9
⇒ K = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 . . . . .
× ✔× ×✔
⇒ Least no. = 840 × 2 + 3
= 1683 Ans.
32. If an integer k is divisible by 2, 5 and 13, what is the next largest number that is divisible by all the
three given numbers?
A. k+130 B. k+13 C. 2k+13 D. 2k+65 E. 2k
Solution
K
✔
2, 5, 13
⇒ next largest number = K +L.C.M of (2, 5, 13) = K +130 Ans.

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TOPIC 4
RATIO AND PROPORTION
1. A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B, C, D in the ratio [5 : 2 : 4 : 3]. If C gets Rs. 1000 more
than D, what is B's share?
A. Rs. 500 B. Rs. 1500 C. Rs. 2000 E. None of these
Solution
Given,
A:B:C:D
[5 : 2 : 4 : 3 ]x
Hence, A = 5x, B = 2x, C = 4x and D = 3x
Given,
C - D = 1000
⇒ 4x - 3x = 1000
⇒ x = 1000
Hence, share of B = 2x = Rs. 2000

2. The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of first to second is [2 :3] and that of second to third is
[5: 8], then the second number is:
A. 20 B. 30 C. 48 D. 58
Solution
(First, the number representing the second number in the ratio must be made same)
[ I : II : III ]
[ 2 : 3 ]×5
[ 5 : 8 ]×3
[ 10 : 15 : 24 ]x
⇒ I = 10x, II = 15x and III = 24x
Given,
I + II + III = 98
⇒ 10x + 15x + 24x = 98
⇒ 49x = 98
⇒ x=2
Therefore, II = 15x = 30

3. In a mixture of A, B & C, if A and B are mixed in the ratio [3:5] and B and C are mixed in the ratio [8:5]
and the final mixture is 35 litres, find the amount of B in the mixture?
A. 15.73 B. 23.5 C. 15.37 D. 15.66
Solution
(The number representing ‘B’ in both the ratios must be made same)
[A : B : C]
[ 3 : 5 ]×8
[ 8 : 5 ]×5
[ 24 : 40 : 25 ]x
⇒ A = 24x, B = 40x and C = 25x
Given,
A + B + C = 98
⇒ 24x + 40x + 25x = 35
⇒ 89x = 35
⇒ x = 35/89
35 1400
Therefore, B = 40x = 40 x = = 15.73
89 89

#Code with KodNest Page | 15

Topic 4: Ratio and Proportion

4. Ten years ago, A was half of B's age. If the ratio of their present ages is 3:4, then what is the total of
their present ages?
A. 30 years B. 8 years C. 35 years D. 20 years
Solution
A : B
10 years ago [1 : 2]x
2-1=1
IN AGE BASED QUESTIONS, THE DIFFERENCE IN
Present [3 : 4]x BOTH THE RATIOS MUST BE MADE SAME AND
4-3=1 AFTER THAT SAME VARIABLE CAN BE TAKEN
FOR BOTH THE RATIOS.
Now, in relation to A, we can write
3x - x = 10
⇒ x=5
Hence, sum of present ages = 3x + 4x = 7x = 7 x 5 = 35

5. If the ratio of ages of two friends is 4:3 and sum of their ages is 70 years, then what is the age of
older friend?
A. 30 years B. 35 years C. 40 years D. 25 years
Solution
A:B
[4 : 3]x
Given,
A + B = 70
⇒ 4x + 3x = 70
⇒ x = 10
Hence, age of older friend = 4x = 4 x 10 = 40

6. The ratio of ages of two friends is 3:5 and sum of their ages is 80 years. What are their present ages?
A. 10, 60 B. 20, 60 C. 40, 30 D. 30, 50
Solution
A:B
[3 : 5]x
Given,
A + B = 80
⇒ 3x + 5x = 80
⇒ x = 10
Hence, age of both friends = 3x and 5x = 30 and 50

7. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. The ratio of the two
numbers is:
A. 2:5 B. 3:5 C. 4:5 D. 5:3
Solution
According to question,
I = 120% of III and II = 150% of III
So,
I : II
120 : 150
4 : 5

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8. Seats for Mathematics, Physics and Biology in a school are in the ratio [5 : 7 : 8]. There is a proposal to
increase these seats by 40%, 50% and 75% respectively. What will be the ratio of increased seats?
A. 2:3:4 B. 6:7:8 C. 6:8:9 D. None of these
Solution
Maths : Physics : Biology
Old [5 : 7 : 8]x

+40% of 5x +50% of 7x +75% of 8x

+2x +3.5x +6x

New [7 : 10.5 : 14]x

[2 : 3 : 4]

9. Rs 5000 was divided among 5 men, 6 women and 5 boys, such that the ratio of the shares of men, women
and boys is [5:3:2]. What is the share of each boy?
A. Rs. 200 B. Rs. 100 C. Rs. 250 D. Rs. 150
Solution
5000

[5 : 3 : 2]x
Shares of men = 5x
Shares of women = 3x
Shares of boys = 2x
So, 5x + 3x + 2x = 5000
⇒ 10x = 5000
⇒ x = 500
Shares of boys = 2x = 1000
Share of each boy = 1000/5 = Rs. 200

10. Kelly and Chris are moving in to a new city. Both of them love books and thus packed several boxes with
books. If Chris packed 60% of the total number of boxes, what was the ratio of the number of boxes
Kelly packed to the number of boxes Chris packed?
A. 2:3 B. 3:4 C. 3:2 D. None of these
Solution
Given,
Boxes packed by Chris = 60% of total
⇒ Boxes packed by Kelly = 40% of total
Boxes packed by Kelly : Boxes packed by Chris
40 : 60
2 : 3

11. Sand and cement were mixed in the ratio [ 3 : 1 ] to make up 1 tonne. How much sand must be added to
make the ratio [6 : 1]?
A. 1 tonne B. 750 kg C. 500 kg D. 5 tonnes E. None of these
Solution
Sand : Cement
Old [3 : 1 ]x

SINCE CEMENT VALUE IS NOT CHANGING, THE VALUE

New [6 : 1 ]x REPRESENTING CEMENT IN THE RATIOS MUST BE
Now, in relation to Sand, we can write MADE SAME IF NOT AND AFTER THAT SAME VARIABLE
Quantity of sand added = 6x - 3x = 3x CAN BE TAKEN FOR BOTH THE RATIOS.
Given,
Total quantity of old mixture = 1000kg
⇒ 3x + 1x = 1000
⇒ x = 250
Hence, quantity of sand added = 3x = 750kg

#Code with KodNest Page | 17

Topic 4: Ratio and Proportion

12. In 50 litres can, milk and water are in the ratio of [3:1]. If the ratio has to be made [1:3], then the
quantity of water that has to be added further is?
A. 100 B. 120 C. 90 D. 80
Solution
Milk : Water
Old [3 : 1 ]x
SINCE QUANTITY OF WATER IS NOT CHANGING, THE
VALUE REPRESENTING WATER IN THE RATIOS MUST
New [ 1×3 : 3×3 ]x
BE MADE SAME IF NOT AND AFTER THAT SAME
Now, in relation to water, we can write
VARIABLE CAN BE TAKEN FOR BOTH THE RATIOS.
Quantity of water added = 9x - 1x = 8x
Given,
Total quantity of old mixture = 50L
⇒ 3x + 1x = 50
50 25
⇒x= =
4 2
25
Hence, quantity of water added = 8x = 8 x = 100L
2

13. If 3 numbers are in the ratio of [3:2:5] such that sum of their squares is equal to 1862, what is the
middle number?
A. 25 B. 14 C. 30 D. 34
Solution
[ I : II : III ]
[ 3 : 2 : 5 ]x
According to question,
I2 + II2 + III2 = 1862
⇒ (3x)2 + (2x)2 + (5x)2 = 1862
⇒ 38x2 = 1862
⇒ x2 =49
⇒ x=7
⇒ B = 2x = 14

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TOPIC 5
PERCENTAGE
1. 5% of (25% of Rs. 1600) is
A. Rs. 5 B. Rs 17.50 C. Rs 20 D. Rs 25
Solution
5% of (25% of Rs. 1600)
5 25
= × 100 × 1600
100
1 1
= × 4 × 1600 = 20
20

2. How much is 80% of 40 greater than 4/5 of 25?

A. 12 B. 10 C. 11 D. 13
Solution
80% of 40 = 32
4
and × 25 = 20
5
⇒ Required difference = 32-20 = 12

3. (a% of a) + (b% of b) = 2% of ab, then what percentage of a is b?

A. 50% B. 75% C. 100% D. Cannot be determined.
Solution
(a% of a) + (b% of b) = 2% of ab
⇒ a2 + b2 = 2ab ⇒ a2 + b2 - 2ab = 0
⇒ (a - b)2 = 0 ⇒ a - b = 0 ⇒ a = b
⇒ b = 100% of a

4. P is thirty percent of Q; Q is twenty percent of N and M is fifty percent of N. Find the value of P/M.
A. 0.33 B. 3.33 C. 16.67 D. None of these
Solution
30 3 20 1 50 1
P= Q= Q and Q = N = N and M = = N
100 10 100 5 100 2
Now,
3 3 1 3 1 6
P= Q= × N= × 5 × 2M= M
10 10 5 10 50
P 6 3
Hence, = =
M 50 25

5. In a team of 12 persons, 1/3rd are women and 2/3rd are men. To obtain a team with 20% women, how
many men should be hired?
A. 7 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
Solution
Before hiring After hiring
12 Total person

Women Men Women Men

1
= × 12 =8 =4 = 80% of total
3
=4 20% = 4 x 4 = 16

Hence, number of men to be hired = 16 – 8 = 8

#Code with KodNest Page | 19

Topic 5: Percentage

6. The total population of a village is 5000. The number of males and females increases by 10% and
15% respectively and consequently, the population of the village becomes 5600. What was the
number of males in the village?
A. 4000 B. 3000 C. 2500 D. 2000
Solution
Let the number of males and females be 100x and 100y.
⇒ Increase in males = 10% of 100x = 10x
⇒ Increase in females = 15% of 100y = 15y
New number of males and females = 110x and 115y
According to question,
100x + 100y = 5000 ------------ 1
110x + 115y = 5600 ------------ 2
Solving equations 1 and 2, we get
x = 30
⇒ Old population of males = 100x = 3000

7. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and
his marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. What are the marks obtained by them?
A. 33, 46 B. 33, 42 C. 32, 46 D. None of these
Solution
A – B = 9 and
A = 56% of (A + B)
⇒ 100A = 56(A + B)
⇒ 44A = 56B ⇒ 11A = 14B
⇒A : B
⇒14 : 11
⇒ 42: 33
Hence, the marks or two students are 42 and 33.

8. Ravi's salary was reduced by 25%. Percentage increase to be affected to bring the salary to the
original level is
A. 33.33% B. 20% C. 25% D. 30%
Solution
Let the original salary of Ravi be Rs 100.
Original New
100 75

Decrease
-25
According to question,
Current Salary New
= 75 = 100

Increase Required
+25
Increase 25
% Increase = × 100 = × 100 =33.33%
Current salary 75

9. A person’s salary is decreased in steps of 20%, 15% and 10%. What will be the percentage decrease,
if the salary is decreased in a single shot?
A. 38.00% B. 38.80% C. 48.80% D. 28.00%
Solution
100
20% of 100 = 20
80
15% of 80 = 12 Net Decrease
68 = 38.8 i.e. 38.8%
10% of 68 = 6.8
61.8

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10. If A's height is 40% less than that of B, then by how much percent is B's height more than that of A?
A. 66.66% B. 76.66% C. 96.66% D. 86.66%
Solution
Let the height of B be 100.
B A
100 60

Less
-40
According to question,
A B
60 100

More
+40

More 40
% More = × 100 = × 100 = 66.66%
Lesser value 60

11. In an examination, A got 10% marks less than B, B got 25% marks more than C and C got 20% less than
D. If A got 360 marks out of 500. The percentage of marks obtained by D was:
A. 70% B. 75% C. 80% D. 85%
Solution
90 10 10
A = 90% of B ⇒A= B⇒B= A= × 360 = 400
100 9 9
125 4 4
B = 125% of C ⇒ B = C ⇒ C = B = × 400 = 320
100 5 5
80 5 5
C = 80% of D ⇒ C = D ⇒ D = C = × 320 = 400
100 4 4
400
⇒ % of marks score by D = × 100 = 80%
500

12. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3. What is the percentage error in the calculation?
A. 34% B. 44% C. 54% D. 64%
Solution
Let the number be L.C.M (5, 3) = 15
INCORRECT CORRECT
3 5
×N=9 × N = 25
5 3

Error = 25 – 9 = 16
error 16
% error = × 100 = × 100 = 64%
correct value 25

13. In a certain company, 20% of the men and 40% of the women attended the annual company picnic. If
35% of all the employees are men, what percent of all the employees went to the picnic?
A. 33.33% B. 34% C. 30% D. 33%
Solution
Total Employees = 100

Men = 35% of 100 Women = 65

= 35

Attended Attended
= 20% of 35 = 40% of 65
=7 = 26
Hence, 33 out of 100 employees attended the outing i.e. 33%

#Code with KodNest Page | 21

Topic 5: Percentage

14. In an election between two candidates, first candidate got 60% of votes polled and second
candidate got 280 votes. The total number of votes polled was?
A. 600 votes B. 700 votes C. 750 votes D. 650 votes
Solution
Total Votes

Candidate 1 Candidate 2
= 60% of Total Votes = 40% of Total Votes
= 280
So, 40% of total votes = 280
2
⇒ ×Total Votes = 280 ⇒ Total Votes = 700
5

15. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes were
invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that the other candidate
got, was:
A. 2700 B. 2900 C. 3000 D. 3100
Solution
Total Votes = 7500

Valid = 7500 – 1500 Invalid Votes = 20% of 7500

= 6000 = 1500

Candidate 1 Candidate 2
= 55% of 6000 = 6000 - 3300
= 3300 = 2700

16. In an election between two candidates, 10% of votes were invalid. Winner got 70% of valid votes
and was elected by a majority of 900 votes. find the total number of votes?
A. 2600 B. 2200 C. 2500 D. 2550
Solution
Total Votes (T.V.)

Valid = 90% of T.V. = 9x Invalid Votes = 10% of T.V. = x

(V.V.)

Winner Loser
= 70% of V.V. = 30% of V.V.

Given, Winner’s votes – Loser’s votes = 900

⇒ 70% of VV – 30% of VV = 900
⇒ 40% of 9x = 900 ⇒ 40% of x = 100 ⇒ x = 250
⇒ Total votes = 10x = 2500

17. In a certain city, 60% of the registered voters are congress supporters and the rest are BJP
supporters. In an assembly election, if 75% of the registered congress supporters and 20% of the
registered BJP supporters are expected to vote for candidate A, what percent of the registered
voters are expected to vote for candidate A?
A. 56% B. 45% C. 53% D. None of these
Solution
Total Voters = 100

Congress = 60% of 100 BJP = 40

= 60

Voting for A Voting for A

= 75% of 60 = 20% of 40
= 45 =8
Hence, 53 out of 100 are voting for candidate A, i.e. 53%
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18. In an election contested by two parties, Party D secured 12% of the total votes more than Party R. If
party R got 132,000 votes, by how many votes did it lose the election?
A. 46000 B. 33000 C. 16000 D. 36000
Solution
Total Votes

Party D = 56% of total Party Y = 44% of total

= 132000
Given, Party R = 44% of total = 132000
⇒ 1% of total = 3000
⇒ 12% of total votes = 36000

19. The price of sugar is increased by 20%. As a result, a family decreases its consumption by 25%. The
expenditure of the family on sugar will be decreased by
A. 10% B. 5% C. 14% D. 15%
Solution
Price Consumption Expenditure
+1 −1
+20% = -25% =
5 4

Initial = 5 Initial = 4 Initial = 4×5=20

+1 -1 -2
Final = 6 Final = 3 Final = 6×3=18
2
% Decrease in Expenditure = × 100 = 10%
20

20. The price of sugar is increased by 20%. By how much percent should the consumption be decreased so
as to keep the expenditure at the same level?
A. 16.67% B. 25% C. 10% D. 15%
Solution
Price Consumption Expenditure
+1 No change
+20% =
5

Initial = 5 Initial = 30/5 = 6 Initial = 30

+1 -1 0
Final = 6 Final = 30/6 = 5 Final = 30

Decrease 1
% Decrease in consumption = × 100 = × 100 = 16.67%
Initial value 6

21. A reduction of 20% in the price of rice enables a customer to purchase 12.5 kg more for Rs. 800. The
original price of rice per kg is:
A. Rs. 16 B. Rs. 12 C. Rs. 14 D. Rs. 15
Solution Price Consumption Expenditure
−1
-20% = No change
5
Initial = 5x Initial = 800/5x = 160/x Initial = Rs 800
-1x 0
Final = 4x Final = 800/4x = 200/x Final = Rs 800

Given, change in consumption = 12.5kg

200 160 40 40
- = 12.5 ⇒ = 12.5 ⇒ x =
x x x 12.5
Original price = 5x = 5×40/12.5 = Rs. 16/kg
#Code with KodNest Page | 23
Topic 5: Percentage

22. A's income is 25% more than B's income. B's income in terms of A's income is:
A. 75% B. 80% C. 90% D. 96%
Solution
A = 125% of B
5
⇒A= B
4
4 4
⇒ B = A = × 100% of A = 80% of A
5 5

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TOPIC 6
AGES
1. The difference between the age of two persons is 6 years. Twelve years ago, the elder was thrice as old
as the younger one. The present age of the elder person is:
A. 16 B. 10 C. 21 D. 13
Solution
Given,
Difference between the age of 2 persons = 6years
I II
Twelve years ago Let x 3x
⇒ Age difference = 3x-x = 2x
⇒ 2x = 6 (age difference never changes)
⇒x=3
⇒ Age of II (12 years ago) = 3x = 9
⇒ Present age of II = 3x + 12 = 21

2. The sum of the present ages of the father and son is 60 years. Six years ago, father’s age was five times
the age of son. After 6 years, son’s age will be:
A. 12 years B. 14 years C. 18 years D. 20 years
Solution
Son Father
6 yrs ago (1 : 5)x
x 5x
Given,
Sum of present ages = 60
⇒ Sum of ages (6yrs ago) = 60 – 6 – 6 = 48 ⇒ x + 5x = 48 ⇒ x = 8
⇒ Present age of son = Age 6 yrs. ago + 6 = x + 6 = 14
⇒ Age of son after 6 yrs. = Present age of son + 6 = 14 + 6 = 20 yrs.

3. A father is 30 years older than his son, however, he will be only thrice as old as the son after 5 years.
What is father’s present age?
A. 40 years B. 30 years C. 50 years D. None of these
Solution
Age difference between father and son = 30
Now,
Father Son
After 5 yrs. (3 : 1)x
3x x

Age diff = 3x – x = 2x =30

⇒ x = 15
Now, Father’s present age = Father’s age (after 5 yrs.) – 5 = 3x -5 = 40 yrs.

#Code with KodNest Page | 25

Topic 6: Ages

4. The sum of the ages of a mother and her son is 45 years. 5 years ago, the product of their ages was
3 times the mother’s age at that time, then the present age of the son is:
A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. None of these
Solution
Mother Son
Present x 45 – x
-5 -5
5 yrs. ago x–5 40 – x

⇒ (x – 5) (40 – x) = 3(x – 5) ⇒ (40 – x) = 3 ⇒ x = 40 – 3 ⇒ x = 37.

⇒ Present age of son = 45 – x = 45 – 37 = 8

5. Ten years ago, Chandrawati’s mother was four times older than her daughter. After 10 years, the
mother will be twice older than daughter. The present age of Chandrawati is:
A. 20 years B. 15 years C. 25 years D. None of these
Solution
Mother : Daughter
10years ago [4 : 1]x
4-1=3
IN AGE BASED QUESTIONS, THE DIFFERENCE IN
BOTH THE RATIOS MUST BE MADE SAME AND
After 10 yrs. [2x3 : 1x3]x AFTER THAT SAME VARIABLE CAN BE TAKEN FOR
2–1=1 BOTH THE RATIOS.

Now, in relation to daughter (Chandrawati), we can write

3x - 1x = 20 ⇒ x = 10
Hence, present age of Chandrawati = x + 10 = 20 yrs.

6. A is two years older than B who is twice as old as C. If the sum of ages of A, B and C is 27, then how
old is B?
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10 E. 11
Solution
A B C
x
Present x+2 Let x
2
Given,
A + B + C =27
x
(x+2) + x + = 27
2
x = 10
Hence, age of B = 10

7. Father is aged three times more than his son Ronit. After 8 years, he would be two and a half times
of Ronit’s age. After further 8 years, how many times would he be of Ronit’s age?
A. 2 times B. 2.5 times C. 2.75 times D. 3 times
Solution
Father : Son
Present [4 : 1]x
4-1=3

After 8 yrs. [5 : 2]x

5-2=3

Now, in relation to Son (Ronit), we can write

2x - 1x = 8 ⇒ x = 8
Hence, present age of Ronit = x = 8 yrs. and present age of Ronit’s father = 4x = 32 yrs.
⇒ Age of Ronit after 16 yrs. = 24 yrs. and age of Ronit’s father after 16 yrs = 48 yrs.
Hence, after further 8 yrs., father will be 2 times of Ronit’s age.

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8. The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3 years each is 50 years. What is the age of the
youngest child?
A. 4 years B. 8 years C. 10 years D. None of these
Solution
X–6 X–3 X X+3 X+6
Youngest Oldest
As per question,
Sum of age of all children = 50
⇒ (X-6) + (X-3) + X + (X+3) + (X+6) = 50
⇒ 5X=50
⇒ X = 10
Hence, age of youngest = X-6 = 4

9. If 6 is subtracted from the present age of Ritu and the remainder is divided by 6, then the present age
of Sheema is obtained. If Sheema is 4 years younger to Raju whose age is 12 years, then find the age of
Ritu.
A. 50 B. 52 C. 54 D. 58 E. Data inadequate
Solution
Ritu Sheema Raju
Present 12 – 4 = 8 12

As per question,
Ritu−6
= Sheema ⇒ Ritu’s age = 6. Sheema + 6 = 54
6

10. The average of ages of three persons is 60 years. Those ages are in the ratio 2:4:6. What is the age of
youngest one among them?
A. 30 B. 15 C. 60 D. NONE OF THESE
Solution
Average of ages of three persons = 60
Sum of ages of three persons = Average x 3 = 60 x 3 = 180
I : II : III
[ 2 : 4 : 6 ]x
Sum of ages = 2x + 4x + 6x = 180 ⇒ 12x = 180 ⇒ x = 15
Hence, age of youngest one = 2x = 30

11. The present ages of three persons is in the ratio 4 : 7 : 9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages was 56.
Find their present ages.
A. 8, 20, 28 B. 16, 28, 36 C. 20, 35, 45 D. None of these
Solution
I : II : III
Present [ 4 : 7 : 9 ]x
-8 -8 -8
8 Years Ago, 4X-8 7x-8 9x-8
Given,
Sum of ages 8 years ago = 56
⇒ (4x-8) + (7x-8) + (9x-8) = 56 ⇒ x = 4
Hence, Present ages of three persons = 4x, 7x, 9x = 16, 28, 36

#Code with KodNest Page | 27

Topic 6: Ages

12. When Rajeev was born, his father was 32 years older than his brother and his mother was 25 years
older than his sister. If Rajeev's brother is 6 years older than Rajeev and his mother is 3 years
younger than his father, how old was Rajeev's sister when Rajeev was born?
A. 15 Years B. 7 Years C. 17 Years D. 10 Years E. None of these
Solution
Given,
Age difference of Rajeev’s father and brother = 32
Age difference of Rajeev’s mother and sister = 25
Age difference of Rajeev’s brother and Rajeev = 6
Age difference of Rajeev’s father and mother = 3
Now,
Age of Rajeev when he was born = 0
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s brother when Rajeev was born = 0+6 = 6
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s father when Rajeev was born = 6+32 = 38
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s mother when Rajeev was born = 38-3 = 35
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s sister when Rajeev was born = 35-25 = 10

13. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are at the present at the time of your birth". If the father's
age is 38 years now, the son's age five years back was:
(HINT: the difference between the ages of two persons never change)
A. 14 B. 19 C. 33 D. 38
Solution
Father Son
When son was born x 0
Present 38 x

We know that age difference between two persons never changes.

Therefore, we can write,
x – 0 = 38 – x ⇒ x = 19 ⇒ Son’s age 5 years back = x – 5 = 19 – 5 = 14

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 www.kodnest.com

TOPIC 7
PROFIT AND LOSS
1. A man buys an article for Rs. 27.50 and sells it for Rs. 28.60. Find his gain percent.
A. 4% B. 8% C. 10% D. 6%
Solution
CP SP These are decimal values. So before
27.50 28.60 calculating anything, make a ratio and
275 : 286 simplify.
[25 : 26] x 4 Now make CP as 100 in the ratio
+1
100 : 104
+4

If CP =100 then %P = P = 4%

2. A man gains 10% by selling a certain article for a certain price. If he sells it at double the price, the profit
made is:
A. 20% B. 120% C. 100% D. 140%
Solution
Using 10%. make a ratio} 10% = 10/100
C.P. : S.P.
100 : 110
+10 x 2 Now, sell at double price

100 : 220
+ 120

If C.P. = 100, % P = P
⇒ % P = 120 %

3. A radio when sold at a certain price gives a gain of 20%. What will be the gain percent, if sold for thrice
the price?
A. 4% B. 8% C. 10% D. 6%
Solution
Gain (20%) = 20/100
C.P. : S.P.
100 : 120
+20 X3

100 : 360
+260
⇒ 260%

4. A person sells an article at 16% below its cost price. Had he sold for 30 rupees more, he would have
gained 14%. To gain 25%, he should sell the article for________rupees.
A. 100 B. 200 C. 125 D. 150
Solution
SP1 ⇒ 84%
SP2 ⇒ 114% ⇒ SP2- SP1 = 30% = 30 Rs
SP3 ⇒ 125% ⇒ ? ⇒ 1% = 1 Rs
⇒ 125% = 125 Rs

#Code with KodNest Page | 29

Topic 7: Profit and Loss

5. A man sold a book at loss of 10%. Had he sold it for 104 Rs more, he would have earned a profit of
10%. Find the cost price of the book.
A. Rs. 400 B. Rs. 520 C. Rs. 640 D. Rs. 840
Solution
SP1 = 90% of C.P
Given, SP2 – SP1 = 104 Rs
SP2 = 110% of C.P 20% of C.P. = 104
1
× C.P. = 104
5
C.P. = 104 X 5 = 520 Rs.

6. The cost price of 20 article is the same as the selling price of X articles. If the profit is 25%, then the
value of X is:
A. 15 B. 16 C. 18 D. 25
Solution
C.P. : S.P.
X 20
____________________________
25
Using profit% (25% = = )
100
C.P. S.P.
100 125
[4 : 5] × 4 (Multiply by 4 to make the ratios match)
[16 : 20]

⇒ X = 16

7. If the cost price of 20 articles is equal to the selling price of 16 articles. What is the percentage of
profit or loss that the merchant makes?
A. 15% Profit B. 25% Loss C. 25% Profit D. 15% Loss
Solution
C.P. of 20 articles = S.P. of 16 articles
⇒ 20(C.P. of 1 unit) = 16(S.P. of 1 unit)
⇒ C.P./S.P. = 16/20
C.P. S.P.
16 : 20
[4 : 5] × 25 Now multiply by 25 to make C.P. as 100.
+1
[100 : 125]

+ 25
%P = 25%

8. Sam Purchased 20 dozen of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at the
rate of Rs. 33. What was his percentage profit?
A. 3.5% B. 4.5% C. 6.5% D. 5.6%
Solution
C.P. S.P.
375 × 20 : 33 × 20 × 12
125 : 132
7
28
⇒ %P = (7/125) × 100 = % = 5.6%
5

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9. A vendor bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Solution
C.P. of 6 toffees = 1 Rs
C.P. S.P.
Let 1 Rs. is the SP of x toffees.
x : 6
⇒ C.P6 = S.PX
As, gain% = 20% = 1/5
C.P. S.P.
5 : 6
Equating both the ratios, we get
x=5

10. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost of 5 balls. The cost price of a ball is :
A. Rs. 45 B. Rs. 50 C. Rs. 55 D. Rs. 60
Solution
Let CP of 1 ball = x Rs
CP of 17 balls SP of 17 balls
= 17x Rs = 720 Rs
-Loss = (17-5) x
Loss = CP of 5 balls = 12x Rs
= 5x Rs
Now,
12x = 720
x = 60
⇒CP of 1 ball = x = 60 Rs

11. A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 20%. B sells it to C at a profit of 25%. If C pays Rs. 225 for it, the cost
price of the bicycle for A is:
A. Rs. 110 B. Rs. 120 C. Rs. 125 D. Rs. 150
Solution

A B B C
+20% +25%
(1/5) (1/4)
5 : 6 4 : 5 Make ratios using two % given &
+1 +1 combine them to make a single ratio
⇒ A : B : C
[5 : 6] 6
4 [4 : 5]
[20 : 24 : 30]x
Given, 30x = 225 ⇒ x = 15/2 ⇒ CP of bicycle for A = 20x = Rs 150

12. I bought a book for Rs 60, I sold off to a friend for Rs 70 but after a while I felt sorry, that I sold it and
bought it back for Rs 80, how much loss did I incur?
A. No loss B. No gain C. Rs 10 D. Rs. 15 E. None of these
Solution
I. I have 60 Rs
II. I buy the book
III. I have (60 Rs book) + 0 Rs in my pocket.
IV. I sell the book Order of events
V. I have 70 Rs in my pocket
VI. I buy the book again for 80 Rs.
VII. I have the book and I owe my friend 10 Rs
⇒10Rs Loss

#Code with KodNest Page | 31

Topic 7: Profit and Loss

13. John buys a cycle for 31 dollars and given a cheque of amount 35 dollars. Shop keeper exchanged
the cheque with his neighbour and given change to John. After 2 days, it is known that cheque is
bounced. Shop keeper paid the amount to his neighbour. The cost of cycle is 19 dollars. What is the
profit/loss for shop keeper?
A. loss 23 B. gain 23 C. gain 54 D. loss 54
Solution
John Shopkeeper Neighbour
Cheque (35$) Cheque 35$ }0 Rs
[Worth 0 Rs]
4$ change 35$ cash

Bicycle worth 19$

Shopkeeper gave 19$ bicycle & a cash of 4$ & got nothing in return. So, he is at a loss of 23$(19$ + 4$).

14. A quantity of tea is sold at Rs. 5.75 per kilogram. The total gain by selling the tea at this rate is Rs.
60. Find the quantity of tea being sold if a profit of 15% is made on the deal.
A. 9 kg B. 60 kg C. 80 kg D. 70 kg
Solution
Using profit %, make a ratio 15% ⇒15/100
Ratio
C.P. S.P.
100×4 : 115 ×4
+15×4
“Make the ratio match the actual value
given in the question”
Actual
400 Rs 460 Rs
60
By matching,
CP = 400 Rs ⇒ SP = 460 Rs
Profit = 60 Rs ⇒ 460 = 5.75 × (Quantity of tea)
SP = 460 Rs ⇒ 460 = (23/4) × Q
Q = 80 kg

15. Two lots of Mango with equal quantity, one costing Rs. 10 per kg and the other costing Rs. 15 per
kg, are mixed together and whole lot is sold at Rs. 15 per kg. What is the profit or loss?
A. 10% loss B. 10% profit C 20% profit D. 20% loss
Solution
Lot 1 (q1) Lot2 (q2) Given (q1 = q2)
p1 = 10 Rs/kg p2 = 15 Rs/kg

MIX
(p1 q1 + p2 q2) (p1 + p2 ) (10+15 )
p= = = = 12.5 Rs/kg
(q1 + q2) 2 2
Now,
C.P. < S.P.
12.5 Rs 15 Rs
Profit = 2.5 Rs
⇒ %P = (2.5/12.5) × 100 = 20%

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16. How many kgs of wheat costing Rs.24 per kg must be mixed with 30 kgs of wheat costing Rs.18.40 per
kg so that 15% profit can be obtained by selling the mixture at Rs.23 per kg?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 20
Solution
CP1 CP2 Using 15% (15/100)
=24 Rs/kg =18.40 Rs/kg CPMix : SPMix
______kg 30kg 100 115

MIX
CPMix = 20 Rs/kg 20 : 23

20-18.40 24-20 Matching actual

= 1.6 : =4 value given
⇒16 : 40 Alligation Rule
[4 : 10]x3
[12 : 30]
Ans.
Matching actual value
given (i.e. 30kg)

17. The cost price of an article is 80% of its marked price for sale. How much per cent does the tradesman
gain after allowing a discount of 12%?
A 20% B. 12% C. 10% D. 8%
Solution
C.P. S.P. M.P.
= 80% of M.P. < =100-12 -D let M.P. = 100 Rs
= 80 Rs = 88 Rs -12 % of M.P.
P=8 Rs ⇒ Dis = 12 Rs
⇒ % P = (8/80) X 100 = 10%

18. A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% on the marked price and still gains 17% on the whole. Find at
what percent above the cost price did he mark his goods.
A. 35% B.25% C.30% D.45%
Solution
Discount 10% (10/100) ⇒ S.P. M.P.
90 100
[9 : 10]

Gain % (17%) = 17/100 C.P. : S.P.

[100 : 117]
⇒ C.P. : S.P. & S.P. : M.P.
[100 : 117] [9 : 10] × 13

⇒ C.P. : S.P. : M.P.

⇒ 100 : 117 : 130

C.P. M.P.
100 : 130
+30
⇒% Mark-up = (30/100) × 100 = 30%

#Code with KodNest Page | 33

Topic 7: Profit and Loss

19. If on an item, a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount,
then what is the profit percentage?
A. 40% B. 50% C. 35% D. 30%
Solution
CASE I ⇒ SP1 = 75% of M.P. = 125 % of C.P.
CASE II ⇒ SP2 = 90% of M.P. = X % of C.P.
75% of MP 125% of CP
⇒ =
90% of MP X% of CP
⇒ X = 25 × 6 = 150 ⇒ SP2 = 150% of CP
⇒ %P = 50% of C.P.

20. A horse and a cow were sold for Rs. 12,000 each. The horse was sold at a loss of 20% and the cow at
a gain of 20%. The entire transaction resulted in?
A. no loss or gain B. loss of Rs. 1000 C. gain of Rs. 1000 D. gain of Rs. 2000
Solution
As per situation, SPHorse = SPcow
Horse (-20% = (-1/5)) Cow (+20% = (+1/5))
CP1 SP1 CP1 SP1
[5 : 4]x3 [5 : 6]x2
-1 +1 Now, SP are same in
[15 : 12] [10 : 12] ratio also.
15x 12x 10x 12x
-3x +2x
SP1 = SP2 = 12000
⇒ 12x = 12000 ⇒ x = 1000
⇒ Net result = -3x + 2x = -x = -1000 Rs = Loss of 1000 Rs

21. A man sold two cows for Rs. 210 at a total profit of 5 %. He sold one cow at a loss of 10% and another
at a profit of 10%. What is the price of each cow?
A. Rs. 100 & Rs. 50 B. Rs. 150 & Rs. 50
C. Rs. 150 & Rs. 75 D. None of these
Solution
1st cow (-10% = (-1/10)) 2nd Cow (+10% = (+1/10))
CP1 SP1 CP2 SP2
[10 : 9]x [10 : 11]y
-1 +1

Net (5% = 1/20)

CP2 cows SP2 cows = 210 Rs
[20 21]x10
⇒ 200 Rs 210 Rs
Now, CP1 + CP2 = 200 Rs SP1 + SP2 = 210 Rs
10x +10y = 200 Rs 9x +11y = 210 Rs
90x + 90y = 1800 ------1 90x + 110y = 2100 -----2
Eqn 2 - 1
⇒ 20y = 300
⇒ y = 15 ⇒ CP2 = 10y = 10 x 15 = 150 and CP1 = 200 - CP2 = 50

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22. A Samsung duo and a Galaxy are bought for Rs.40000. The Duo is sold at a profit of 33.33% and the
Galaxy is sold at a loss of 20%. There was no loss or gain. Find the cost price of the Samsung duo?
A. Rs. 15,000 B. Rs. 25,000 C. Rs. 20,000 D. Rs. 18,000
Solution
Samsung Duo (+33.33% = (+1/3)) Galaxy (-20% = (-1/5))
CP1 SP1 CP2 SP2
3 : 4 5 : 4
+1 -1
Given situation : No loss no gain
⇒ Profit on Duo = Loss on galaxy
As per the ratio also, +1-1=0
⇒ We can take same variable (x) for both ratios.
Now, ⇒ CP1 + CP2 = 40,000 Rs (Given)
⇒ 3x + 5x = 40,000 ⇒ x = 5000
⇒ CP of Duo = CP2 = 3x = 15,000 Rs

#Code with KodNest Page | 35

Topic 8: Simple Interest

TOPIC 8
SIMPLE INTEREST
1. Given that the interest is only earned on principal, if an investment of Rs.1000.00 amounts to
Rs.1440.00 in two years, then what is the rate of interest earned?
A. 20% B. 21% C. 22% D. 23%
Solution
P×r×t
S.I =
100
1000×r×2
⇒ 1440-1000 =
100
⇒ 440 = 10×r×2
⇒ r = 22% Ans.

2. A sum of Rs 468.75 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 1 year and 8 months,
the total amount of Rs 500 is received, find the rate of interest.
A. 4% B. 4.50% C. 6% D. 8%
Solution
P = 468.75
A = 500
8 5
t = 1yr 8 months = 1 + = yrs.
12 3
S.I. = A - P
= 500 – 468.75 = 31.25
P×r×t
⇒ 31.25 =
100
468.75 × r × 5
⇒ 31.25 =
100 × 3
15625 × r × 1
⇒ 625 =
100
⇒ r = 4% Ans.

3. How long will it take for a sum of money to grow from Rs. 1250 to Rs. 10,000, if it is invested at
12.5% p.a. simple interest?
A. 26 Years B. 35 Years C. 76 Years D. 56 Years
Solution
S.I. = A - P
= 10000 – 1250 = 8750
1250 × 12.5 × t
⇒ = 8750
100
⇒ t = 56 years.

4. Simple Interest on a certain sum is 16/25 of the sum. Find the rate percent and time, if both are
numerically equal.
A. Rate=8% & Time=8 years B. Rate=8% & Time=9 years
C. Rate=18% & Time=8 years D. None of these
Solution
P.r.t
S.I =
100
16 P×r×r
⇒ ×P= [∵ t = r]
25 100
⇒ r = 64
2

⇒ r = 8% and t = 8 yrs.

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5. Rambo took a loan of Rs. 1200 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If he paid
Rs. 432 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?
A. 3.6 B. 6 C. 18 D. Data inadequate E. None of these
Solution
P = Rs. 1200
r = t (numerically)
S.I = Rs. 432
P×r×t
⇒ = 432
100
1200×r×r
⇒ = 432
100
⇒ r = 6% and t = 6 yrs.

6. If you deposit Rs. 110 in a bank at a simple interest of 12% per year, how much money will
you have in the bank after 2 years?
A. 134 B. 136.4 C. 26.4 D. 24 136
Solution
P = Rs. 110, t = 2 yrs., r = 12%
A = P + rt% of P
⇒ A = P + 24% of P
= Rs. 110 + 20% of Rs. 110 + 4 × (1% of Rs. 110)
= Rs. 110 + 2 × 11 + 4 × (1.1)
= Rs. 136.4

7. What sum of money will accumulate to Rs.5300 at 8% rate of interest in 9 months?

A. 5000 B. 5400 C. 4500 D. 4000
Solution
9 3
r% = 8%, t = 9 months = yr. = yr.
12 4
P A = Rs. 5300

100% of P S.I. = rt% of P 106% of P

3
= (8 × ) % of P
4
= 6% of P
A = Rs. 5300
⇒ 106% = Rs. 5300
Rs.5300
⇒ 1% =
106
Rs.5300
⇒ 100% = × 100
106
⇒ P = Rs. 5000

8. In how much time would the simple interest on a certain sum be 0.125 times the principal at 10% per
annum?
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
A. 2 years. B. 1 years. C. 2 years. D. 3 years.
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Solution
r% = 10%, t yr.
P A
S.I. = 0.125P

S.I. = 0.125P = 12.5% of P

(rt)%
So, rt = 12.5
12.5 12.5 𝟏
⇒t= = = 1.25 years = 1 years
r 10 𝟒

#Code with KodNest Page | 37

Topic 8: Simple Interest

9. A sum of money becomes 2.5 times itself at 12.5% simple interest p.a. The period of investment is
A. 10 years B. 14 years C. 12 years D. 9 years
Solution
r% = 12.5%, t yrs.
P A = 2.5P

100% S.I. = (250 – 100)% 250%

= 150%
⇒ (rt)% = 150 %
150 150
⇒t= = = 12 years
r 12.5
Or,
12.5% builds up in 1 yr.
×2 ×2
25% builds up in 2 yrs.
×6 ×6
150% builds up in 12 yrs.

10. At a certain rate of simple interest, a sum doubles itself in 10 years. In how many years would it
treble itself?
A. 30 B. 40 C. 15 D. Data inadequate D. None of these
Solution
Case1: r%, t = 10 yrs.
P A = 2P

100% S.I. = 100% 200%

⇒ rt = 100
100 100
⇒ r= = = 10%
t 10
Case2: r% =10%, t =? yrs.
P A = 3P

100% S.I. = 200% 300%

⇒ rt = 200
200 200
⇒ t= = = 20 yrs.
r 10

11. Simple interest on an amount at 4% per annum for 13 months is more than the simple interest on
the same sum for 8 months at 6% per annum by Rs 40. What is the principal amount?
A. 16000 B. 12000 C. 4800 D. 22000
Solution
Case1: Case2:
P P
4% 6%
13 8
13 months = yr. 8 months = yr.
12 12
S.I.(I) > by Rs. 40 S.I.(II)
⇒ S.I.(I) - S.I.(II) = Rs. 40
(rt)% (rt)%

13 8
⇒( × 4)% - ( × 6)% = Rs. 40
12 12
52−48
⇒( )% = Rs. 40
12
⇒ 4% = 12 × 40
⇒ 100% = 12 × 40 × 25 = Rs. 12000

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12. A sum was put at simple interest at a certain rate for 3 years. Had it been put at 1% higher rate it would
have fetched Rs. 63 more. The sum is:
A. Rs. 2400 B. Rs. 2100 C. Rs. 2200 D. Rs. 2480
Solution
Case1: Case2:
P P
r% (r+1)%
3 yrs. 3 yrs.
P×r×3 P×(r+1)×3
S.I.(I) = < S.I.(II) =
100 100
∴ S.I.(II) - S.I.(I) = Rs. 63
P×(r+1)×3 P×r×3
⇒ - = Rs. 63
100 100
P×3
⇒ × [(r + 1) - r] = Rs. 63
100
⇒ P × [1] = Rs. 2100
∴ P = Rs. 2100

13. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 2240 in 2 years and to Rs. 2600 in 5 years. What is
the principal amount?
A. 1000 B. 1500 C. 2000 D. 2500
Solution
P A2 = Rs. 2240
r%, 2yrs.

r%, 5 yrs.
A5 = Rs. 2600
⇒ A5 - A2 = (S.I.)3 yrs.
⇒ (S.I.)3 yrs. = 2600 – 2240 = Rs. 360
⇒ (S.I)1 yr. = Rs. 120

⇒ P = 2240 – (120 × 2) = Rs. 2000

Or,
2600 – (120 × 5) = Rs. 2000

14. A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 1008 in 2 years and to Rs. 1164 in 3.5 years. Find the sum and
rate of interest.
A. 700, 13% B. 700,15% C. 800,13% D. 800,15%
Solution
P Rs. 1008
r%, 2yrs.

r%, 3.5 yrs. Rs. 1164

⇒ S.I.(1.5 yr.) = Rs. 1164 – Rs. 1008 = Rs. 156

Rs.156
⇒ (S.I)1 yr. = = Rs. 104
1.5

⇒ P = 1008 – (104 × 2) = Rs. 800

Or,
1164 – (104 × 3) = Rs. 800

P×r×t
S.I =
100
800×r×1
⇒ 104 =
100
⇒ r = 13%
#Code with KodNest Page | 39
Topic 9: Compound Interest

TOPIC 9
COMPOUND INTEREST
1. The amount of principal Rs.4000 at compound interest at the ratio of 10% p.a. for 3 years is:
A. Rs. 4325 B. Rs. 5324 C. Rs. 3425 D. Rs. 5342
Solution
1st year 2nd year 3rd year
10% 10% 10%
400 400 400
4000 +40 + 40
+ 40
+ 4
4000
+1200
+ 120
+ 4
5324

2. If the compound interest on a sum of Rs.5000 at the rate 10% per annum is Rs.1050, then time
period is (interest compounded yearly):
A. 1 Year B. 2 Years C. 3 Years D. 2 Years
Solution
An 100+r n
=( )
P0 100
5000+1050 110 n
⇒ = ( 100 )
5000
6050 11 n
⇒ 5000 = ( 10 )
1210 11 n
⇒ 1000 = ( 10 )
⇒n=2

3. At what rate of interest (compounded yearly) will Rs 10,000 amount to Rs. 12,100 in 2 years?
A. 9% B. 11% C. 8% D. 10%
Solution
An 100+r n
=( )
P0 100
12100 100+r 2
⇒ 10000 = ( )
100
100+r 110
⇒ =100
100
100+r 100+10
⇒ =
100 100
⇒ r = 10%

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𝟏
4. The principal that amounts to Rs. 4913 in 3 years at 𝟔 % per annum C.I. compounded annually, is?
𝟒
A. Rs. 3406 B. Rs. 4096 C.Rs. 3096 D. Rs. 4085
Solution
1 25
r% = 6 % = %
4 4
r 25/4 1 17
⇒1+ =1+ =1+ =
100 100 16 16
An 100+r n
=( )
P0 100
4913 17 3
⇒ = ( 16 )
P
4913 × 163
⇒P=
17 ×17 ×17
⇒ P = 163 = 4096

5. A sum of money amounts to Rs.6690 after 3 years and to Rs.10035 after 6 years on compound interest.
Find the sum.
A. Rs.4400 B. Rs.4560 C. Rs.4600 D. Rs.4460
Solution
Case: - I
P0 r%, t = 3 yrs. A3 = Rs. 6690

A3 100+r 3
⇒ =( ) -------------
P0 100
Case: - II
P0 r%, t = 6 yrs. A6 = Rs. 10035

2
A6 100+r 3
⇒ = [( ) ] -------------
P0 100
A6 A3 2
⇒ = ( )
P0 P0
10035 6690 × 6690
⇒ =
P0 P0 × P0
⇒ P0 = Rs. 4460

6. Analysing the good returns that Halocircle Insurance Pvt. Ltd. was giving, Ratika bought a 1-year, Rs
10,000 certificate of deposit that paid interest at an annual rate of 8% compounded semi-annually.
What was the total amount of interest paid on this certificate at maturity?
A. 716 B. 816 C. 886 D. None of these
Solution

6 months next 6 months

8
= 4%
2 Note
4% of 10000 4% of 10000 For period of 6 months,
+ 4% of (4% of 10000) take half of rate %.
10000
4(100) = 400 400 + 4(4) = 416

Total = 816 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 41

Topic 9: Compound Interest

𝟏
7. Compound interest of Rs.3000 at 10% p.a. for 1 years will be (interest compounded half yearly).
𝟐
A. Rs.473 B. Rs.374 C. Rs.495 D. Rs.347 E. None of these
Solution
3000
5%
5(30) = 150
5%
5(1.5) = 7.5
5%
5(0.075) = 0.375

6 months 6 months 6 months

Note
5% 5% 5%
For period of 6
150 150 150
months, take half
+7.5 +7.5
of rate %.
3000 +7.5
+0.375
⇒ A = 3000 = 3000
+150 × 3 +450
+ 7.5 × 3 +22.5
+ 0.375 + 0.375
Rs.3472.875 ⇒ C.I. = 472.875 Rs.

𝟏
8. What is the difference between the compound interests on Rs. 5000 for 1 years at 4% per annum
𝟐
compounded yearly and half-yearly?
A. Rs. 2.04 B. Rs. 3.06 C. Rs. 4.80 D.Rs. 8.30 E. Data inadequate
Solution
Yearly
1 year 6 months
4
use 4% use = 2%
2

Rs.5000
4% of 5000 2% of 5000
+ 2% of 200
= Rs.200 = Rs.104

C.I.(yearly) = Rs. 304

Half–Yearly
5000
2%
2(1%) = 2(50) = 100
2%
2
2%
2(0.02) = 0.04

6 months (2%) 6 months (2%) 6 months (2%)

100 100 100
Rs.5000 +2 +2
+2
+0.04
⇒ C.I.(half-yearly) = 300 + 6 + 0.04 = Rs. 306.04
⇒ C.I.(half-yearly) – C.I.(yearly)= 306.04 – 304 = Rs. 2.04

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9. There is 60% increase in an amount in 6 years at simple interest. What will be the compound interest
of Rs.12,000 after 3 years at the same rate?
A. Rs. 3420 B. Rs. 3120 C. Rs. 3972 D. Rs. 3240
Solution
S.I.
P r%, t = 6 yrs. A6

100% + 60% 160%

⇒ rt = 60
60
⇒r= = 10%
6

C.I.
1 yr, 10% 1 yr, 10% 1 yr, 10%
12000 Rs. 1200 Rs. 1200 Rs. 1200
10% Rs.12000 + Rs. 120 + Rs. 120
1200 + Rs. 120
10% + Rs. 12
120 A3 = 12000
10% +3600
12 + 360
+ 12
15972

C.I. = 3600+360+12
= Rs. 3972 Ans.

10. The difference between simple interest and compound interest on a certain deposit for two years at
8% p.a. is Rs 8. What is the amount of deposit?
A. Rs. 2250 B. Rs. 1250 C. Rs. 1550 D. Rs. 2000 E. None of these
Solution For a period of two years
r 2
(C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = ( ) ×P
100
⇒ C.I. – S.I. = Rs. 8
r2
⇒ ×P=8
1002
8 ×100 × 100
⇒P= =1250
8 ×8

11. The difference between the compound interest and the simple interest on a certain sum at 12% p.a. for
two years is Rs.90. What will be the value of the amount at the end of 3 years?
A. 9780.8 B. 8780.80 C. 7654.4 D. None of these
Solution (C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = Rs. 90
r 2
⇒( ) × P = 90
100
12 12
⇒ × × P = 90
100 100
⇒ P = Rs. 6250
Now,
1 yr, 12% 1 yr, 12% 1 yr, 12%
6250 Rs. 750 Rs. 750 Rs. 750
12% Rs.6250 + Rs. 90 + Rs. 90
750 + Rs. 90
12% + Rs. 10.8
90 ⇒ Amount = 6250+1500+750+270+10.8 = 8780.8 Ans.
12%
10.8

#Code with KodNest Page | 43

Topic 9: Compound Interest

12. Anil invests an amount for 2 years at the rate of 15% p.a. at simple interest. Had he invested in a
scheme in which interest was compounded yearly, he would have got Rs.450 more. Find the
principal:
A. Rs. 8,000 B. Rs. 15,000 C. Rs. 20,000 D. Rs. 10,000
r 2
Solution (C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = ( ) ×P
100
15 2
⇒ 450 = ( ) ×P
100
450 ×100 ×100
⇒P= = Rs.20000
15 ×15

13. If the simple interest on a sum of money for 2 years at 5% per annum is Rs. 50, what is the
compound interest on the same at the same rate and for the same time?
A. Rs. 51.25 B. Rs. 54.25 C. Rs. 60 D. Rs. 52
Solution S.I.
P 5%, 2 yrs. A2

S.I. = Rs.50
⇒ rt% = Rs.50
⇒ 10% = Rs.50
⇒ P = 100% = Rs.500
r 2
Now, (C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = ( ) ×P
100
5 2
⇒ C.I. – 50 = ( ) × 500
100
⇒ C.I. = 1.25 + 50 = Rs.51.25Ans.

14. The compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years at 10% per annum is Rs. 525. The simple
interest on the same sum for double the time at half the rate percent per annum is:
A. 400 B. 500 C. 600 D. 800
Solution
An 100+r n
C.I. =( )
P0 100
P0 +525 110 2
⇒ =( )
P0 100
P0 +525 121
⇒ =
P0 100
⇒100P0 + 52500 = 121P0
⇒ 21P0 = 52500 ⇒ P0 = Rs.2500
S.I. P0 Time is doubled⇾ 4 yrs.
5%, 4 years Rate is halved⇾ 5%p.a.
Rs.2500 S.I. = rt% of P
= 20% of 2500 = Rs.500 Ans.

15. A sum of money doubles itself at C.I. in 15 years. In how many years will it become eight times?
A. 40 years. B. 35 years. C. 55 years. D. 45 years.
Solution P 2P 4P 8P

15yrs. 15yrs. 15yrs.

45 Years

16. A sum of money triples itself at compound interest in 3 years. In 9 years, it will be?
A. 6 times the principal B. 12 times the principal
C. 18 times the principal C. 27 times the principal
Solution ×3 ×3
P 3P 9P 27P
3yrs 3yrs 3yrs
. . Ans.
27P .

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TOPIC 10
TIME AND DISTANCE
1. An athlete runs 200m in 24 sec. His speed is:
A. 20 kmph B. 24 kmph C. 28.5 kmph D. 30 kmph
Solution
Distance 200 200 18
Speed = = m/s = x = 30 kmph
Time 24 24 5

2. Albert is travelling on his cycle & has calculated to reach, point A at 2p.m. if he travels at 10 kmph. He
will reach there at 12 noon if he travels at 15 kmph. At what speed must he travel to reach A at 1 p.m.
A. 6 kmph B. 11 kmph C. 12 kmph D. 14 kmph
Solution
Case 1 Case 2
D D
t1 t2
S1 = 10 kmph S2 = 15 kmph
2 pm 12 noon
Sx 15 x 10
D = (t_) = 2 hrs
S_ [15−10=5]
= 60 km
60 60
t1 = = 6 hr t2 = = 4 hr
10 15
To reach at 1 p.m.
Time taken should be = 5 hrs
D = 60 km
60
Speed required = = 12 kmph
5

3. Virat travelled 75km in the 7 hrs. He went some distance at the rate the rate of 12 kmph and the rest at
10 kmph. How far did he travel at the rate of 12 kmph?
A. 30 kmph B. 25 kmph C. 40 kmph D. 35 kmph
Solution
D 75 – D
12 kmph 10 kmph
D 75−D
+ =7
12 10
5D+450−6D
=7
60
⇒ D = 30 km

4. A person travelled by train for 1 hr at 50 kmph. He then travelled by taxi for 30 minutes at a speed of
32 kmph to complete his journey. What is the average speed at which he travelled during the journey?
A. 44 kmph B. 42 kmph C. 41 kmph D. 33 kmph
Solution
total distance 50+16 66
Avg. speed = = = x 2 = 44 kmph
total time 1+0.5 3

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Topic 10: Time and Distance

5. A car covers four successive 6km stretches at speeds of 25kmph, 50 kmph, 75kmph and 150mkph
respectively. Its average speed over this distance is:
A. 25 kmph B. 50 kmph C. 75 kmph D. 50 kmph
Solution
total distance
Avg. speed =
total time

25 kmph 50kmph 75kmph 150kmph

6t1 3t1 2t1 t1
6km 6km 6km 6km
4 x 150 t1
⇒ Avg. speed = = 50 kmph
12t1

6. Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppage, it is 45kmph. For how
many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
A. 9 min B. 10 min C. 12 min D. 20 min D. None of these
Solution
Excluding stoppage Including stoppage
54km ➔ 1 hr 45km ➔ 1 hr
⇒ 45km + 9 km ➔ 1hr
⇒ Stoppage time = Time taken to cover 9km at 54 kmph
1
= 9/54 = 1/6 hr = x 60 min = 10 min
6

7. A thief steals a car at 2:30pm and drives at 60kmph. The theft is discovered at 3p.m. and the owner
sets off in another car at 75 kmph. When will he catch the thief?
A. 4.30 p.m. B. 5.15 p.m. C. 4.45 p.m. D. 5:00 p.m.
Solution
Distance travelled by thief (from 2:30 to 3:00 pm)
1
= 60 kmph x hr = 30 km
2
Distance to cover to catch the thief
Time taken to catch the thief (after 3 pm) =
Relative speed
30 km
= = 2 hr ⇒ 3 pm + 2 hrs ⇒ 5pm
75−60 kmph

8. Kartik rides his bicycle at 8 kmph and reaches his school 2.5 minutes late. The next day, he
increases his speed to 10 kmph and reaches the school 5 minutes early. How far is the school from
his house?
A. 5/8 km B. 8 km C. 5 km D. 10 km
Solution
First day Second day
D D
S1 = 8kmph S2 = 10 kmph
2.5 min late 5 min early
Sx 7.5 8 x 10
D = (t_) = ×
S_ 60 [10−8=2]
15 8 x 10
= × = 5 km
2 x 60 2

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9. If I walk at 30 kmph, I reach 1 hour early and if I walk 20 kmph, I reach 1 hour late. Find the distance
between 2 points and if exact time of reaching destination is 11 a.m., then find the speed at which I
should walk?
A. 125 km and 24 kmph B. 120 km and 30 kmph
C. 120 km and 20 kmph D. 120 km and 24 kmph
Solution
Sx 20 × 30
D = (t_) =2× = 120km
S_ 10
120 km To reach 11a.m.
30 kmph Time = 4 hrs t = 5 hr
1 hr early ⇒ reach 10am D = 120 km
120
S= = 24 kmph
5

10. A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 200m. The thief and policeman running at the rate
of 10 kmph and 11 kmph respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 minutes?
A. 50 m B. 100 m C. 110 m D. 150 m
Solution
Police 200m Thief

11 kmph 10 kmph
In 6 min,
Distance covered = relative speed x 6 min
6
Police has come = 1 kmph × hr
60
closer to thief 1
by a distance of = km = 100 m
10
⇒ Remaining distance between them after 6 minutes = 200 – 100 = 100 m

11. A train running at the speed of 60 km/hr crosses a pole in 9 seconds. What is the length of the train?
A. 120 m B. 180 m C. 324 m D. 150 m
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the pole = LTrain
Speed of train = 60 kmph
5
= 60 × m/s
18
Time taken to cross = 9 sec
5
⇒ LTrain = 60 × ×9
18
= 150 m

12. A 600m long train is running at 73 kmph. How much time train will take to cross an electric pole?
A. 29.58 sec B. 28.58 sec C. 29 sec D. 28 sec E. None of these
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the pole = Length of the train
= 600m
5
Speed = 73 kmph= 73 × m/s
18
D 600 × 18
t= =
S 73 × 5
2160
= = 29.58 sec
73

13. A 120m long train is running at 72 kmph. How much time train will take to cross a man standing on
the platform?
A. 6 sec B. 2.5 sec C. 5 sec D. 12 sec
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the man = Length of the train= 120m, Speed = 72 kmph = 20 m/s
D 120
⇒ Time taken to cross the man = = = 6 sec
S 20

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Topic 10: Time and Distance

14. A train 360m long is running at a speed of 45 kmph. In what time will it pass a bridge 140m long?
A. 40 sec B. 42 sec C. 45 sec D. 48 sec
Solution
Train Bridge
360m 140m
45 kmph 0 kmph

D=Sxt
5
⇒ (360+140)m = 45 × m/sec × t
18
⇒ t = 40 sec

15. Two trains are running at 40 km/hr and 20 km/hr respectively in the same direction. Fast train
completely passes a man sitting in the slower train in 5 seconds. What is the length of the fast train?
𝟕 𝟒
A. 27 m B. 33 m C. 27 m D. 23 m
𝟗 𝟗
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the man = LFast train
= x (let)
Relative speed of man & train = (40 – 20) kmph
5
= 20 × m/sec
18
Time = 5 sec
D=SxT
5
⇒ x = 20 × ×5
18
250 7
= m = 27 m
9 9

16. Two trains 400m and 300m long are running at the speeds of 50 km/hr and 40 km/hr respectively
in opposite directions on parallel tracks. The time taken to cross each other will be_______?
A. 20 sec B. 28 sec C. 25 sec D. 24 sec E. None of these
Solution
Distance to travel to cross each other = LTrain1 + LTrain2
= 400 + 300
= 700 m
Relative speed (opposite directions) = (50 + 40) kmph = 90 kmph
= 25 m/sec
D 700
Time taken to cross = = = 28 sec
S 25

17. Two trains of lengths 400m and 600m respectively are running in same direction. The faster train
can cross the slower train in 180 sec. The speed of slower train is 48 kmph, then find the speed of
the faster train?
A. 58 kmph B. 78 kmph C. 55 kmph D. 68 kmph
Solution
T1 T2
LT1 = 400m LT2 = 600m
S = 48kmph Let VT2 kmph

D = R.S x t
5
(400 + 600) = (VT2 – 48) x 180 x
18
100 = (VT2 – 48) x 5
⇒ VT2 = 20 + 48 = 68 kmph

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18. Two trains of each 100m long, moving in opposite directions cross each other in 8 sec. If one is moving
twice as fast the other, then find the speed of the faster train?
A. 30 kmph B. 60 kmph C. 30 kmph D. 30 kmph
Solution
T1 T2
100m 100m
2v kmph let v kmph

D = R.S x t
5
(200) = (2v + v) × ×8
18
3v
⇒5=
18
⇒ v = 30 kmph
⇒ Speed of faster train = 2v = 2 x 30 = 60 kmph

19. A train passes a station platform in 36 seconds and a man standing on the platform in 20 seconds. If
the speed of the train is 54 kmph. What is the length of the platform?
A. 120 m B. 240 m C. 300 m D. None of these
Solution
Case1 Case2
T Platform T Man on Platform

LT LP LT L=0
54 kmph 0 m/sec S = 15 m/s S=0
= 15 m/sec
t = 36 sec t = 20 sec
D=SxT ⇒D=SxT
LT + Lp = 15 x 36 = 540 ⇒ LT = 15 x 20
⇒ 300 + Lp = 540 = 300m
⇒ Lp = 240 m

20. Two trains for Palwal leave Kanpur at 10 a.m. and 10 : 30 a.m. and travel at the speeds of 60 kmph and
75 kmph respectively. How far from Kanpur will the two trains meet?
A. 250 km B. 150 km C. 100 km D. 200 km
Solution
T1 , 10 a.m., 60 kmph

T2 , 10:30 a.m., 75 kmph

From 10am to 10:30 (1/2 hr) After 10:30 p.m.
T1 moving but T2 is not. Both T1 and T2 moving
Distance travelled by T1 = ST1 x t Kanpur (30 km)
= 60 x ½
T1
= 30 km T2
D = R.S x t
30 = (75 – 60) kmph x t
⇒ t = 2 hrs.

Distance of meeting point = Distance travelled by T2 train in 2 hrs = 75 kmph x 2 = 150 km

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Topic 10: Time and Distance

21. Two stations A and B are 110 km apart on a straight line. One train starts from A at 7 a.m. and travels
towards B at 20 kmph. Another train from B at 8 a.m. and travels towards A at a speed of 25 kmph.
At what time will they meet?
A. 10 a.m. B. 11 a.m. C. 10 p.m. D. 11 p.m.
Solution
A 110 Km B

TA TB
7:00 a.m. 8 a.m.
20 kmph 25 kmph
From 7a.m. to 8 a.m. (1hr) After 8 a.m.
TA is moving, TB is not TA TB
DA = SA x t A 20 km A1 90km B
= 20 kmph x 1 hr
= 20 km
TA TB
A A 1 B D = R.S x tmeet
90 km = (20 + 25) kmph × tmeet
20 km 90 km
TA TB tmeet = 2 hr
Meeting time = 8 a.m. + 2 hr = 10 a.m.

22. Train A starts from Meerut at 12:00 pm & reach Delhi at 2:30 pm & train B starts from Delhi at
12:15 pm and reach Meerut at 2:15 pm. At what time both trains meet each other?
A. 2:00 pm B. 1:30 pm C. 1:15 pm D. 1:00 pm
Solution
Meerut Let D=10x km Delhi

TA tA = 2.5 hrs SA = D/2.5 = 4x kmph

12:00 p.m. 2:30 p.m.
TB

tB = 2 hrs SA = D/2 = 10x/2 = 5x kmph

2:15 p.m. 12:15 p.m.
From 12 p.m. to 12:15 p.m. After 12:15 p.m.
t = 15 min = ¼ hr

DA = SA x t M X M1 A1
DA = 4 x (1/4)
= x km 9X
TA TB
M M1 D D = R.S x tmeet
X 9X
9X = (4X + 5X) kmph x tmeet
TB tmeet = 9X/9X = 1hr
Meeting time = 12:15 pm + 1 hr = 1: 15 pm

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23. Two stations A and B are 110 km apart on a straight line. One train starts from A at 7 a.m. and travels
towards B at 20 kmph. Another train from B at 8 a.m. and travels towards A at a speed of 25 kmph. At
what time will they meet?
A. 10 a.m. B. 11 a.m. C. 10 p.m. D. 11 p.m.
Solution
A 110 km B

Train A 20 kmph
20 km
7 a.m. Train B
25 kmph 8 a.m.
From 7 a.m. to 8 a.m. (only Train A is moving)
Distance covered in this 1hr = 20 kmph x 1 hr = 20 km
After 8 a.m. (Both trains are moving)
Distance to travel to meet = Remaining distance b/w them
= 110 – 20 = 90 km
Relative speed = (20 + 25) kmph
Time taken to meet = 90/45 = 2 hr
Time of meet = 8 a.m. + 2 hr
= 10a.m.

24. A man can row a distance of 5 km in 60 min with the help of the tide. The direction of the tide reverses
with the same speed. Now, he travels 20 km further in 10 hours. How much time he would have saved
if the direction of tide has not changed?
A. 5 hrs B. 6 hrs C. 12 hrs D. None of these
Solution
With the help of tide (i.e. down the stream)
5 km in 60 min
⇒5 km in 1 hr
⇒ downstream speed = 5 kmph
Direction of tide reversed (i.e. upstream)
20 kmph in 10 hr
⇒ upstream speed = 2 kmph
If the direction has not changed then 20 km would be travelled downstream instead of upstream in 20/5 = 4
hrs instead of 10 hrs
⇒ Time saved = 10 – 4 = 6 hrs

25. Rakesh runs 4/3 times as fast as Mukesh. In a race, if Rakesh gives a lead of 60 m to Mukesh, find the
distance from the starting point where both of them will meet.
Solution
4
Speed of Rakesh = speed of Mukesh
3
Rakesh runs 4m Mukesh runs 3m
⇒ Rakesh takes 1m lead
Now, to meet Mukesh again, Rakesh has to take a lead of 60m.
⇒ Rakesh runs Mukesh runs
4m x 60 3m x 60
=240m =180m
Lead of 60m Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 51

Topic 10: Time and Distance

26. A hare and a tortoise have a race along a circle of 100 yards diameter. The tortoise goes in one
direction and the Hare in the other. The hare starts after the tortoise has covered ¼ of its distance
and that too leisurely. The hare and tortoise meet when the hare has covered only 1/8 of the
distance. By what factor should the hare increase its speed so as to tie the race?
A. 37.8 B. 28 C. 40 D. 35
Solution
Hare Tortoise
Let 8 km
Snapshot 1
Hare ¼ of 8km
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Snapshot 2 Tortoise = 2km
Tortoise

>>>>>>><<<<<<<<<<<<<<
1km 5km
Hare Snapshot 3

Comparison:
Hare Tortoise
Distance 1km 5km
Time t t
Speed v 5v (Since speed is proportional to distance if time is
constant)
To tie the race
Hare Tortoise
Distance remaining: 7km 1km
t t (They should take same time to tie race)
7 1
Speed = 5v =
t t
1
=7 ( )
t
= 7 (5v) = 35v
Hence, speed of hare should become 35 times of original.

27. In a race of 1000 metre, A beats B by 50m or 5 seconds. Find (I) A's speed (ii) B's speed (iii) time
taken by A to complete the race.
Solution
L = 1000m A > B
A beats B by 50 m VA > VB
A B
1000 m 1000-50 m = 950 m ‘ t1 ’
Va Vb
A beats B by 5 sec. A

B
50
⇒ Vb = = 10 m/s
5
1000
⇒ tb = = 100 s 50 m or 5 sec
10
DαS
1000 Va
⇒ =
950 Vb
1000 Va
⇒ =
950 10
1000 200
⇒ Va = = m/s
95 19
1000
⇒ ta = x 19 = 19 x 5 = 95 sec
200

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28. In 1500 metre race, Tinu beats Minu by 150m and in the same race Minu beats Rinu by 75m. By what
distance does Tinu beat Rinu?
Solution
V1 V2 V3
Tinu Minu Rinu
(i) 1500 1350 X t1
(ii) 1500 1425m t2

Speed α distance sαd

V2 1350 V2 1500
= =
V3 X V3 1425
1350 1500
⇒ =
X 1425
1350
X= × 1425
1500
135 [20−1]
=
2
2700−135
=
2
2565
= = 1282.5 m ⇒ Tinu beats Rinu by (1500 – 1282.5 = 217.5 m)
2

#Code with KodNest Page | 53

Topic 11: Time and Work

TOPIC 11
TIME AND WORK
1. Daniel can do some work in 12 hrs; Roy can do the same work in 10 hrs while Hari can do the same
work in 15 hrs. All three of them start working together at 9 a.m. while Daniel stops working at 11
a.m. and the remaining two complete the work. Approximately, at what time will the work be
finished?
A. 1:30 pm B. 12:30 am C. 2:00 pm D. 1:00 pm
Solution
Total work = 60 60

5+6+4 = 15
15x2=30 R.W. = 60-30 = 30

15 6+4 = 10
60 60 60
=5 =6 =4
12 10 15
DRH R+H
Daniel(D) Roy (R) Hari(H) DRH 9am to 11 pm 30/10=3hrs
12 hrs. 10hrs 15 hrs.
2 hrs. So, 11am + 3hrs=2pm

2. Aravind can dig a well in 24 days. Mani can dig the same well in 36 days. Aravind, Mani and Hari can
dig the same well working together in 8 days. Hari, working alone, can dig the same well in how
many days?
A. 12 days B. 18 days C. 16 days D. 24 days
Solution
Total work = 72

72/24=3 72/36=2 72/8=9 9-3-2 = 4

Aravind(A) Mani (M) AMH Hari

24 days 36 days 8 days 72/4=18 days

𝟏
3. There are 3 trucks A, B and C. A loads at the rate of 10kg/min and B loads at the rate of 13 kg/min.
𝟑
C unloads at the rate of 5kg/min. If all the 3 trucks are acting simultaneously, find the time taken to
load 2.4 tonnes.
A. 120.81min B. 130.91min C. 240 min D. 100min
Solution
Total work = 2400

10+(40/3)-5 = 55/3
10 -5
13+1/3
=40/3

A B C ABC
2400
= 1440/11 =130.91 min
55/3

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4. A and B together can complete a work in 12 days. A alone can complete it in 20 days. If B does the work
only for half a day daily, then in how many days A and B together will complete the work?
A. 10 days B. 11 days B. 15 days D. 20 days
Solution
Total work = 60

5 3 5-3=2 1 3+1=4

A+B A B (full day) B (half day) A+B1/2

12 days 20 days 60/2=30 days 60 days 60/4=15

5. A can complete a piece of work in 8 hours, B can complete in 10 hours and C in 12 hours. If A, B, C start
the work together but A leaves after 2 hours. Find the time taken by B and C to complete the remaining
work.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
A. 2 hours B. 4 hours C. 2 hours D. 2 hours
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Total work = 120 120

37x2=74 R.W. = 120-74 = 46

120/8 120/10 120/12

15+10+12 12+10
=15 =12 =10
=37 = 22

ABC B+C
A B C
8 hrs. 10hrs 12 hrs. 2 hrs. 46/22 = 2
1
hrs
11

6. A does 4/5th of work in 20 days. He then calls in B and they together finish the remaining work in 3 days.
How long B alone would take to do the whole work?
A. 37 days B. 37.5 days C. 35 days D. None of these
Solution
From diagram 1 and 2,
Ax20 3(A+B) 4/5W
= A 20 days
4W/5 1W/5
2A=3B 1/5W
From diagram 1 and 3, A+B 3 days
Ax20 Bt
=W W
4W/5 B t days
25A = Bt
A 3
t=25 = 25× = 37.5 days
B 2

#Code with KodNest Page | 55

Topic 11: Time and Work

7. A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days. A having worked for 16 days, B finishes the
remaining work alone in 44 days. In how many days shall B finish the whole work alone?
A. 30 days B. 40 days C. 60 days D. 70 days
Solution
A+B W 30 days ------ 1
A 16 days
W1 ------ 2
B 44 days
W2
B t days ------ 3
W
From diagram 1 and 2,
W 1 + W2 = W
16A + 44B = 30(A+B)
A=B
From diagram 1 and 3,
(A + B) 30 = Bt
(2B) 30=Bt
t = 60

8. Amit wants to make a 1000 m long wall within 50 days. He made a decision to hire 56 men however,
after 27 days, Amit realized that team was only able to make 448m of wall. Find out the additional
number of men that Amit should employ as a means of finishing the work on the stipulated time.
A. 35 B. 49 C. 25 D. 52
Solution
Deadline: 50 days
Total work = 1000m
448m
56M First 27 days

552m
X men Last 23 days
56x27 23X
=
448 552
X = 81
Additional men required = 81-56 = 25

9. 15 Men take 21 days of 8 hrs. each to do a piece of work. How many days of 6 hrs. each would it take
for 21 women if 3 women do as much work as 2 men?
A. 30 B. 20 C. 19 D. 29
Solution W
15M 21 days (8hrs per day) = 21x8 hrs.
W
21W x days (6hrs each) = 6x hrs.
From the diagrams, we can write
15M × 21 × 8 = 21W (6x)
Substituting 3M=2W i.e. 15M=10W, we get
x = 30 days

10. 10 women can complete a work in 7 days and 10 children take 14 days to complete the work. How
many days will 5 women and 10 children take to complete the work?
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D.7
Solution
10W W
=20C 7 days
W 10W.7 = 10C.14
10C 14 days 1W=2C
5W+10C W
t days
=20C
From diagram 2 and 3, we can write
10C.14=(5W+10C) t
Substituting 1W=2C, we get
10C.14=20C.t ⇒ t = 7

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11. 16 men can complete a work in 12 days. 24 children can complete the same work in 18 days. 12 men
and 8 children started working and after 8 days, 3 more children joined them. How many days will they
now take to complete the remaining work?
A. 2 days B. 4 days C. 6 days D. 8 days
Solution
16M W 12 days 16M.12=24C.18
W
24C 18 days 4M=9C
W1 12M=27C
12M+8C 8 days
=35C
12M+8C+3C W2
t days
=38C
From diagram 2 and 3, we can write
W=W1 + W2
24C.18=35C.8 + 38Ct
Solving this, we get
t=4

12. 2 men and 3 boys can do a piece of work in 10 days while 3 men and 2 boys can do the same work in 8
days. In how many days can 2 men and 1 boy do the work?
A. 5 days B. 12 days. C. 12.5 days D. None of these
Solution
2M + 3B W 10 days 10(2M+3B) = 8(3M+2B)
W 4M=14B
3M + 2B 8 days 2M=7B
W t days
2M+1B
=8B
From diagram 1 and 3, we can write
10(2M+3B) = 8B.t
10(7B+3B) = 8Bt
t = 12.5 days

13. A can do a certain work in 12 days. B is 60% more efficient than A. How many days does B alone take to
do the same job?
A. 6 days. B. 7.5 days. C. 8 days. D. 8 days.
Solution
W
A 12 days
W
B t days
Given,
B = 160% of A
⇒ 5B = 8A
From the diagram, we can write
12A = Bt
A 5
t = 12× = 12 × = 7.5 days.
B 8

14. To finish a piece of work, P takes five times as Q and six times as R. Working together, they can finish
the work in 4 days. Q can do the work alone in:
A. 24 days B. 48/5 days C. 13 days D. 11 days
Solution
Q = 5P and R = 6P
P+Q+R W
4 days
=P+5P+6P=12P
W
Q=5P t days
From the diagrams, we can write
12P.4 = 5P.t
t = 48/5 days

#Code with KodNest Page | 57

Topic 11: Time and Work

15. A is 6 times as fast as B and takes 100 days less to complete a work than B. Find the total no. of days
taken by A and B to complete the work.
A. 172/7 days B. 120/7 days C. 121/7 days D. None of these
Solution
W t days
A
6t-t=100
W
B 6t days t = 20
W x days
A+B
Given,
A = 6B
From diagram 1 and 3, we can write
At = (A+B)x
6Bt = 7Bx
6t =7x
x = 120/7 days

16. A is 30% more efficient than B. Working together, how much time will they take to complete a job
which A alone could have done in 23 days?
𝟏
A. 13 days B. 15 days C. 23 days D. None of these
𝟏𝟐
Solution W
A 23 days Given, A = 130% of B
W
A+B t days B = 10A/13
From the diagrams, we can write
23A = t(A+B)
10
23A = t(A+ A)
13
t = 13 days

17. Hanuman can complete a bridge in 10 days and Ravan can complete the same bridge in 20 days.
Now, they are working together and they are completing the bridge in 20 days. What is the
contribution of Ravan in constructing the bridge?
A. Half the work B. One-third of the work
C. Two-fourth of the bridge D. Destructing the bridge
Solution
W
HANUMAN 10 days

If someone helps Hanuman, time taken by Hanuman will become less than 10 days.
If someone joins Hanuman but don’t do any work, then time taken by Hanuman will remain same.
If someone is destroying the work done by Hanuman, time taken by Hanuman will become more than 10
days.
As per question,
HANUMAN W
20 days (more than 10)
+ RAVAN
Ravan is not helping but obstructing or destroying the work done by Hanuman. Ravan is destructing the
bridge.

18. A task can be completed by D and E within 12 days if they worked together. E and F however, can
complete within period of 20 days. If three of them agree to work together, then how many days
will be required to complete the task?
A. 20 B. 40 C. 50 D. None of these
Solution
D+E W 12 days
E+F W
20 days
W
D+E+F t days
In this question, 3 persons are there and only 2 information given. Therefore, whatever we do, we cannot
find the answer as the data is inadequate.

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19. A alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and B alone in 8 days. A and B undertook to do it for Rs 3200.
With the help of C, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is to be paid to C?
A. Rs. 375 B. Rs. 400 C. Rs. 600 D. Rs. 800
Solution
Total work = 24

4 3 8 8-4-3 = 1

A B ABC C
6 days 8 days 3 days

The total amount will be shared between A, B and C in the ratio of the work that they have done.
Ratio of division:
A : B : C
4×3 3×3 1×3
4 : 3 : 1
4x 3x 1x
Now,
4x + 3x + 1x = 3200
x = 400
Share of C = 1x = Rs. 400

#Code with KodNest Page | 59

Topic 12: Permutation and combination

TOPIC 12
PERMUTATION & COMBINATION
1. Find the number of 4 letter words, with or without meaning, which can be formed out of the letters
of the word R O S E, provided repetition of letters is NOT allowed.
Solution
R O S E
4 letter words
• The first place can be filled in 4 different ways. (by any of the 4 letters)
• For every choice at the first place, we have remaining 3 choices at the second place.
So, 2nd place can be filled in 3 ways.
• For every choice at first & 2nd place, we have remaining 2 choices at the 3rd place.
So, 3rd place can be filled in 2 ways.
• For every choice at 1st, 2nd & 3rd place, we have the remaining 1 choice to fill the 4 th place.
So, 4th place can be filled in 1 way.
⇒ Total ways = 4x3x2x1
If Repetition is allowed.
4 ways x 4 ways x 4 ways x 4 ways = 256 ways.

2. Given 4 flags of different colors, how many different signals can be generated, if a signal requires
the use of 2 flags, one above the other?
Solution

Flag 1 Flag 2 Flag 3 Flag 4

SIGNAL

4ways Top place can have any of the 4 flags

⇒ 4 choices.
3ways For every choice of top flag, we have
remaining 3 choices to take for bottom space.
⇒ Total signals = 4 x 3 = 12 ways

3. How many 2-digit even number can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if the digits can be
repeated?
Solution
1 2 3 4 5
Two-digit even number
To get even no., we can have only even digits at unit place. (i.e. 2 & 4 only)
_5_ × _2_ = 10

(Any of the 5 digits) (2 or 4 only)

5 ways 2 ways
(Repetition is allowed)

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4. Find the no. of different signals that can be generated by arranging at least 2 flags (one below the other)
on a vertical staff, if five different flags are available.
Solution
5 flags flag 1 ,2 ,3, 4 ,5
Case1: Signal type I (exactly 2 flags)

5 ways ⇒ 5 x 4 = 20 ways.

4 ways

Case 2: Signal type II (exactly 3 flags)

5 ways

4 ways ⇒ 5 x 4 x 3 = 60 ways

3 ways

Case 3: Signal type III (exactly 4 flags)

⇒ 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 = 120 ways
Case 4: Signal type IV (exactly 5 flags)
⇒ 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 ways
Total = 20 + 60 + 120 + 120 = 320 different signals.

5. Find number of permutations of the letters of the word A L L A H A B A D

Solution
A A A A L L H B D 9 letters (4 of one kind and 2 of other)
4 2
9!
Permutations =
4! × 2!

6. Find number of permutations of the letters of the word I N S T I T U T E.

Solution
I I T T T N S U E 9 letters(2 of one kind and 3 of other)
2 3
9!
Permutations =
3! × 2!

7. How many 4 digits numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
Solution
9!
9× 8×7×6 Or 9P4 = = 3024
(9−4)!

8. How many numbers lying between 100 and 1000 can be formed with the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5, if repetition
of the digits is not allowed?
Solution
Numbers lying between 100 and 1000 are all 3-digit numbers.
_6 × _5 × _4 ⇒ Permutations of 6 digits taken 3 at a time = 6P3
But this is not the correct count.
Because in this count, you are also counting 3-digit numbers starting with 0 [ex. 012, 023, 045, 053, etc]
which are not 3-digit numbers technically.
So, we must subtract those numbers from this count.
Permutations possible with 0 at first place.
0 ___ ___

5 ways × 4 ways = 20 ways.

⇒ Correct count = 6 x 5 x 4 – 20 = 100

#Code with KodNest Page | 61

Topic 12: Permutation and combination

9. Find the number of different 8 letter arrangements that can be made from the letters of the word
D A U G H T E R so that
I. All vowels are together

D A U G H T E R 8 letters

AUE DGHTR 6 objects

(Think that all the vowels are together inside a block box and you can move the box in making an
arrangement. Count this box as 1 object)
Permutations of 6 distinct objects = 6!
[Now, take permutation or rearrangement of vowels also] -> each of 6! permutations give you 3!
arrangements of vowels
Permutations keeping vowels together = 6! x 3! = 4320

II. All vowels do not occur together.

Required count = Total permutations of 8 distinct letters – permutations with all vowels together
= 8! – 6! × 3! = 36000

10. Find the number of arrangements of the letters of the word INDEPENDENCE.
In how many of these arrangements,
I. do the words start with P.?
EEEE NNN DD IPC
4 3 2
P_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
11 places (to be filled by E E E E N N N D D I C )
4 3 2
11!
⇒
4! 3! 2!

II. all vowels occur together

Vowels: E E E E I Think all the vowels packed inside a black box.

8!
EEEE I NNN DD PC But this is not the correct count because
3! 2!
Count as 1 3 2 we can also internally arrange E & I in the
box itself while keeping them together.

8! 5!
Correct Count = ×
3! 2! 4!

III. All vowels never occur together

= Total arrangements - Total arrangements keeping all vowels together
12! 8! 5!
= - × 4!
4! 3! 2! 3! 2!

IV. do the words begin with I and end with P

I_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _P_

10!
3! 4! 2!

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RANK of a Word
To find the rank of a given word basically means finding out the position of the word when all the possible
words have been formed (using all the letters exactly once) and then arranging, them as in a dictionary.
Ex. P O I N T find the rank
Step 1: Arrange the letters in alphabetical order.
i.e., I N O P T
Step 2: We want P at first place.
So, all the permutations starting with I, N and O will come before the word POINT
i. I at first place

I ___ ___ ___ ___ = 24 words. (COUNT ALL)

4x3x2x1

ii. N at first place

N ___ ___ ___ ___ = 4! = 24 words. (COUNT ALL)

4x3x2x1

iii. O at first place

O ___ ___ ___ ___ = 4! = 24 words. (COUNT ALL)

iv. P at first place

(DON’T COUNT ALL)
P ___ ___ ___ ___ (as the given word will come in between somewhere)

Step 3:
Fix P at first place & move on to next place.
INOPT P ___ ___ ___ ___

P I ___ ___ ___ COUNT ALL

3! = 6 words.

P N ___ ___ ___ COUNT ALL

3! = 6 words.

P O ___ ___ ___ DON’T COUNT ALL as POINT will come in P O ___ ___ ___
series of arrangements.
Step 4:
Fix P O and move on to next position
I N O P T

P O ___ ___ ___

P O I ___ ___P O I N T required position

series. P O I T N
then
Rank of given word = 24 + 24 + 24 +6 + 6 + Next (+1)
= 84 + Next (+1) = 85th word is POINT

#Code with KodNest Page | 63

Topic 12: Permutation and combination

11. In how many ways can three persons be seated in 5 chairs?

Solution
P1 P2 P3

3 P3 can choose any of the remaining

3 chairs for every choice of P1
4 and P2.

P2 can choose any of the remaining 4 chairs.

P1 can choose any of the 5 chairs.
5 x 4 x 3 = 60 ways.
# Each person can take exactly one chair at a time & therefore it is a question of arrangements (without
repetition)
OR
3 chairs can be selected from 5 chairs in 5C3 ways and then for every selection, the 3 persons can be
arranged in 3! ways.
5!
⇒ 5C3 × 3! = × 3! = 60 ways.
3!2!

12. Athletics club has 6 coaches, viz A, B, C, D, E & F. A panel of coaches comprising of 3 members has to
be formed.
I. In how many ways can the panel be formed?
Solution
A B C D E F

6!
3-member panel 6C 3 =
3!3!
= 20 ways.
II. In how many ways can the panel be formed if coach E has to be definitely included?
Solution
A B C D E F

E + 2 member Remaining 2 members can be chosen from

the remaining 5 coaches (except E) in 5C2 ways.

III. In how many ways can the panel be formed if each E has to be definitely excluded?
Solution
A B C D E F

3 members 3 members can be selected from the remaining 5

coaches (except E) in 5C3 ways.
5!
= = 10 ways
3!2!

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IV. In how many ways can the panel be formed if coach C and F should be there together if at all any
one of them is there on the panel?
Solution
Possible cases:
i. If C is included, F will also be there (⇒ Both C & F included)

ii. If F is included, C will also be there (Both C & F included, i.e., same as first one)

ii. If C is not included, F cannot be on panel also because otherwise the given condition would violate.
(Both C & F excluded)

Both included Both excluded

CF
CF 4C 3 ways.
4C 1 ways
⇒ 4 C 1 + 4C 3 = 4 + 4 = 8

V. In how many ways can the panel be formed if each E and coach B cannot be together on the panel?
Solution
Method I

Total no. of ways - EB

E B together on panel

= 20 - 4C 1 = 16 ways.
Method II
Possible cases B
i. If E is on panel, B will not be. E 4C 2

ii. If B is on panel, E will not be. B E 4C 2

iii. If B is not on panel, E can also not be. The question says they cannot be together
ON THE PANEL. This means they can be together outside but not inside.
EB

3 members 4 C3 = 4

⇒ 4C2 + 4C2 + 4C3 = 6 + 6 + 4 = 16 ways.

VI. In how many ways can the panel be formed if exactly one among B and E should be included?
Solution
Case 1 Case 2
B E

E B
4C 2 4C 2

6 + 6 = 12

#Code with KodNest Page | 65

Topic 12: Permutation and combination

13. 10 persons are waiting in a queue. In how many ways can a selection of 6 be made so that
I. A specific person is always included?
Solution
Specific person + 9 others

Group of 6 Specific person + 5

9C 5
ways
= 126 ways.
II. A specific person is always excluded?
Specific person + 9 others

Group of 6 9C 6 = 84 ways.

14. A cultural committee of 8 persons is to be formed from 9 Asians and 5 Africans. In how many ways
can it be done when the committee consists of
I. Exactly 3 Africans

3 Africans + 5 Asians committee of 8

3 Africans out of 5 can be chosen in 5C3 ways following which 5 Asians out of 9 can be chosen in 9C5 ways.
By fundamental principle of counting,
5C3 × 9C5 =1260 ways.

II. At least 3 Africans

⇒ exactly 3 Africans + Exactly 4 + Exactly 5

3 5 4 4 5 3
Africans Asians Africans Asians Africans Asians

5C 3
× 9C 5 + 5C 4 × 9C 4 + 5C 5 × 9C 3

1260 + 630 + 84 = 1974 ways.

15. Out of 6 consonants and 3 vowels, how many words can be made so that each words contains 2
consonants & 3 vowels?
Solution
2 consonants 3 vowels 5 letter word
out of 6 out of 3

6C 2 × 3C 3

The question is about permutations not combinations. So, 5 letters can be arranged in 5! ways.
Hence,
No. of words possible = 6C2 × 3C3 × 5!
= 1800

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16. Find the number of ways in which a selection of 4 letters can be made from the word DISTILLATIONS.
Solution
D I S T I L L A T I O N S
I I I S S T T L L A O N D

Triplet Pair Single

Note points:
• There are 8 distinct letters in the word DISTILLATIONS.
• The question is about selections. This means we have to think like:
➢ I can be selected 3 times (or less)
➢ S, T, L can be chosen 2 times (or less)
➢ A, O, N, D can be chosen only 1 time (or less)
To find the number of selections in this situation, we will have to make cases. The possible cases are:
Case 1
(a) All the 4 letters selected are distinct from each other.
4 distinct letters can be chosen from 8 distinct letters in
8C4 ways = 70 ways.

Case 2
(b) 3 letters are of same kind and more different
3 letters are of same kind. Only I can be chosen 3 times.

3I one other kind

1C 1 × 7 C1 the 4th letter can be chosen from 7 other

letters in 7C1 ways.
1 x 7 = 7 ways.
Case 3
(c) 2 letters are of same kind & other 2 also same but of other kind
Only I, S, T, L can be chosen two times.
From I, S, T, L, we have to choose any 2 pairs.
⇒ 4 pairs C2pairs = 6 ways.
(d) 2 letters are of same kind & 2 other distinct.

I One letter 1 pairs 2 distinct 2 distinct letter can be chosen

S is used up from the remaining 7 letters.
T
L 4 pairC1 pair × 7C2
= 84 ways.
∴ 70 + 7 + 6 + 84 = 167 selections

Extending the question.

How many permutations (or arrangements) of 4 letters can be made?
➢ Now the question is on permutations. Therefore, the order in which the letters occur is also of
significance.
So, we will have to take this into our counting & make the necessary changes in all the 4 cases.
Case 1 All distinct
Previously Now
8C4 = 70 8C4 × 4! All distinct
Case 2 3 of same kind & one different Now
4!
7 ways 7× [3!] 3 are of same kind.

Case 3 2 same & other 2 Now

4!
also, same but of other kind. 4C 2 × [2!2!]
4C 2
= 6 ways.
Case 4 2 of same kind and other 2 distinct
4!
4C 1 × 7C 2 84 × [ ] 2 of same kind.
2!
= 84 ways.

#Code with KodNest Page | 67

Topic 13: Probability

TOPIC 13
PROBABILITY
1. A ball is picked at random from one of the two boxes. It turns out to be black. Find the probability
that it is from box 1.
Solution
Box1 Box 2
White 3 1 10 Balls

Black 2 4

2
Box 1 P(Box1 ∩ Black) [ ]2 1
10
Probability ( )= = 2+4 = =
Black P(Black) [ ] 6 3
10
OR
Box 1 Black balls from Box1 2 1
P( )= = =
Black No of black balls 2+4 3

favourable
=
conditional sample space

2. A person tosses a coin. If Head comes up, he gets 10 Rs, and if Tail comes up, he has to pay 5 Rs.
What is the expected value?
Solution

Event H T
P ½ ½
Expectation 10 -5

1 1
[ x 10+ x−5]
2 2
E = 1 1 = 2.5 Rs
+
2 2

3. If you throw a dice, you are given twice as many rupees as the number that comes up on the dice if
it is even & thrice if it is odd. What is your expected value per throw in the long run?
Solution

Event 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(E) 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6
Expectations 3 Rs 4 Rs 9 Rs 8 Rs 15 Rs 12 Rs
1 1 1 1 1 1
Expected value = × 3 + × 4 + × 9 + × 8 + × 15 + × 12
6 6 6 6 6 6
1 51
= × [3+4+9+8+15+12] = = 8.5 Rs.
6 6

4. If 2 dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the one die shows up 2 and the
other shows up 5?
Solution
Sample space = 36
(1−6) (1−6)
1 2 3 4 5 6 ×
6ways 6ways
Favourable: (2,5) & (5,2) = 2 outcomes favourable
2 1
P= =
36 18

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5. There is a biased die in which each even number turns up thrice as frequently as any f the odd no. If
you throw this die, if an even number occur, you are given 5 Rs & 10 Rs, if it’s odd. How much would
you be willing to pay to throw the dice if you don’t wish to any gain or loss?
Solution

1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability P 3P P 3P P 3P
Expectations 10 Rs 5 Rs 10 Rs 5 Rs 10 Rs 5 Rs

Let Probability (each odd outcome) = P ⇒ P (even outcome) = 3P

12p = 1 [In any case, biased or unbiased, the sum of probabilities of all outcomes is 1]
1
P=
12
Expectation = P(10) + 3P(5)+ P(10) + 3P(5) + P(10) + 3P(5)
1
= 30P + 45P = 75P = 75 x = 6.25 Rs
12

6. If two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that 1 st dice shows up 6 and the second
dice does not show up 6?
Solution
2nd
1 st 1
6 2
3
4
5
5
⇒P =
36
# Based on the language used, (6,1) is favourable outcome but (1,6) is not.

7. When two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the sum obtained is less than 9?
Solution Σ=9 Σ = 10 Σ = 11 Σ = 12
Sum ≥ 9 (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
(3,6) (4,6) (5,6)
(4,5) (5,5)
(5,4)

10
10 5
P (Σ ≥ 9) = =
36 18
36−10 26 13 5 13
P (Σ < 9) = = = or 1 – =
36 36 18 18 18

8. When three dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that 1 st dice shows up a prime
number and the second dice shows up an odd number & third die shows an odd prime number?
Solution
I II III
Prime no Odd number Odd prime
(2,3,5) (1,3,5) (3,5)
3 3 2
P (Prime) = P (odd no) = P (odd prime) =
6 6 6
1 1 1
= = =
2 2 3
1 1 1 1
Required probability = × × =
2 2 3 12
OR
3 ways × 3 ways × 2 ways
P= (Fundamental principle of counting)
6×6×6

#Code with KodNest Page | 69

Topic 13: Probability

9. If four dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the sum of the numbers is
exactly 20?
Solution
Sample space = 64 or 1296
Favourable (Sum = 20)
Case I = Three 6
4!
(6,6,6,2) =4
3!
Case II = Two 6
4!
(6,6,5,3) = 12
2!
4!
(6,6,4,4) =6
2!2!
Case III = One 6
4!
(6,5,5,4) = 12
2!
Case IV = Zero 6
4!
(5,5,5,5) =1
4!
35
⇒P =
1296

10. If 5 coins are tossed simultaneously, what is the probability of getting exactly 2H.
Solution
Sample space = 25 or 32 ways
Favourable Outcomes
Exactly 2 H ⇒ 2 H & 3 T
H H T T T
5!
Permutations = = 10
2! 3!
favourable count 10 5 5
P= = = OR, P = 5C2 / 25 = (formula wise)
sample space 32 16 16

11. If 4 coins are tossed simultaneously, what is the probability of getting at least 2T.
Solution
P(At least 2 tails) = P = n(exactly 2T + exactly 3T + exactly 4T ) / 24
favourable count 11
= = 4 C 2 + 4 C 3 + 4 C 4 / 24 =
sample space 16

12. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of cards. Find the probability that it is,
(a) a king
favourable count 4 11
P= = [4C1 / 52C1] =
sample space 52 16

(b) a black card

26 1
P= = [ or 26C1 / 52C1]
52 2

(c) a numbered card

9x4 9
P= = [ or 36C1 / 52C1]
52 13

(d) a diamond
13 1
P= = [ or 13C1 / 52C1]
52 4

(e) a black honour

4+4 1
P= = [ or 8C1 / 52C1]
52 2

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13. If two cards are drawn simultaneously. Find the probability of both being
(a) kings
P = 4C2 / 52C2

(b) blacks
P = 26C2 / 52C2

(c) both numbered card

P = 36C2 / 52C2

(d) both diamond

P = 13C2 / 52C2

(e) both black honour

P = 8C2 / 52C2

14. If two cards are drawn at random from a pack of cards, what is the probability that
(a) one of these is a diamond & the other is a heart?
favourable count
P= = 13C1(Diamond) × 13C1 (Heart)/ 52C2
sample space

(b) one of these is a queen and the other is a king?

P = 4C1(Queen) × 4C1 (king)/ 52C2

(c) one is an honour and the other is a numbered card

P = 16C1(Honour) × 36C1 (Numbered card)/ 52C2

(d) both are hearts or both are diamonds

P = 13C2(Both heart) + 13C2 (Both diamond)/ 52C2} This is correct answer by chance as the events ‘’both
Hearts’’ and ‘’both Diamonds’’ have nothing in common.
Let Both Hearts = A, both Diamond = B
P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) (a heart cannot be diamond & vice versa)
=13C2 / 52C2 + 13C2 / 52C2 - 0

(e) both are kings or both are blacks.

P = 4C2 + 26C2 / 52C2 ---------> incorrect
P (A ∪ B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) (Black king)
=4C2 / 52C2 + 26C2 / 52C2 - 2C2 / 52C2

15. When three cards are drawn simultaneously from a pack of cards, what is the probability that one of
them is a heart, another a diamond and the rest one a club.
Solution
favourable count
P= = 13C1(Diamond) × 13C1 (Heart) × 13C1 (Club)/ 52C3
sample space

16. If two balls are drawn simultaneously from a box containing 6 green, 2 blue and 7 black balls, what is
the probability that
(a) one is a green & other is a black
P = 6C1 × 7C1 / 15C2

(b) both are of same colour

P = Both green or both black or both white / 15C2
P = 6C2 + 7C2 + 2C2 – 0 / 15C2

(c) both are of different colour

P = Green blue or Green Black or black blue / 15C2
P = (6C1 × 2C1 + 6C1 × 7C1 +2C1 × 7C1) /15C2

#Code with KodNest Page | 71

 Topic 13: Probability

17. When 2 balls are drawn in succession with replacement from a box consisting of 6 white & 8 black
balls, find the probability that
(a) both are whites
P (Both white) = P(W1st ∩ W2nd) = P(W1st) × P(W2nd/ W1st)
=(6C1 / 14C1) × (6C1 / 14C1)

(b) both are blacks

P(Both blacks) = P(Black in 1st draw ∩ Black in 2nd draw)
= P(B1) × P(B2/ B1)
= P(B1) × P(B2) (as B1 & B2 are Independent P (B2/ B1) = P(B2))
=(8C1 / 14C1) × (8C1 / 14C1)

(c) The first is a white & second is a black

P = (W1 ∩ B2) = P = (W1) × P(B2)
=(6C1 / 14C1) × ( 8C1 / 14C1)

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TOPIC 14
AVERAGE, MIXTURE,
ALLIGATION
1. Determine the average of the following data: 45, 50, 33, 22, 15.
A. 32 B. 33 C. 34 D. 35
Solution
45 , 50 , 33 , 22 , 15
+15 +20 +3 −8 −15 15
Average=30 + = 30 + = 30 + 3 = 33
5 5

2. Determine the average of the following data: 127, 63, 81, 44, 95.
A. 72 B. 75 C. 79 D. 82
Solution
127 , 63 , 81 , 44 , 95
57 −7 +11 −26 +25
Average= 70 +
5
60
= 70 + = 70 + 12 = 82
5

3. Determine the average of the following data: 40, 19, 75, 83, 56, 33.
A. 51 B. 61 C. 62 D. 52
Solution
40 , 19 , 75 , 83 , 56 , 33
−10 −31 +25 +33 +6 −17 6
Average=50+ = 50 + = 51
6 6

4. Find the average of scores of the tests taken by Ram, given his scores were 92,94,88,89,91,90,86,90.
Solution
92 94 88 89 91 90 86 90
(+2 +4 −2 −1 +1 +0 −4 +0) 0
Avg score = 90+ = 90 + = 90
8 8

5. The monthly incomes of Ravi, his wife and their son are Rs 4000, Rs 2000 and Rs 3000 respectively.
What is the average income of the family?
Solution
4000 , 2000 , 3000
9000
⇒ Avg = = 3000
3

6. In a cricket tournament, Kapil played seven games. His scores in these games were 71, 49, 52, 46, 48,
52, 53. Find his average score.
Solution
71 , 49 , 52 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53
[21 −1 +2 −4 −2 +2 +3] 21
Avg = 50 + = 50 + = 53
7 7

#Code with KodNest Page | 73

Topic 14: Average, Mixture, Alligation

7. Manish purchased three dozen mangoes at Rs 7 per dozen, two dozen at Rs 8.50 and one dozen at
Rs 10. What is the average cost per dozen of the mangoes purchased by Manish?
Solution
Type I (3) Type II (2) Type III (1)
7Rs/dozen 8:50 10

7 x 3 + 8.5 x 2+10 x 1
⇒ Avg. cost =
3+2+1
21 + 17 + 10 48
= = = 8 Rs.
6 6

8. The average age of 5 boys is 19 years. A new boy joins them and their average age increase to 20
years. What is the age of the new boy?
Solution
5 Boys + 1 Boy 6 Boys
Avg (A1) = 19 A2 = 20 yrs
∑ = 19 x 5 ∑ = 120
= 95
95 + Boy’s age = 120
⇒ Boy’s age = 25

9. 7 kg of wheat having a rate of Rs 14 per kg is mixed with 4 kg of wheat having a rate of Rs 8.50. what
is the average rate per kg of the mixture?
Solution
I (7 kg) II (4 kg)
14Rs/ kg Rs 8.5/kg

14 x 7+8.5 x 4 132
Avg. rate of mixture = = = Rs 12 per kg
7+4 11

10. A batsman scored an average of 55 runs in the first 6 test. If the first test is not counted and the 7 th
is counted then his average score goes to 57.
Solution
6 tests change 6 tests
-1st Test
Avg A1 = 55 runs. Avg = 57
+7 Test
th

∑ = 55 x 6 ∑ = 342
= 330 runs.
⇒ 330 – 1st + 7th = 342
50
⇒ 7th = 62

11. The average marks of three sections in 10th class were 76, 79 and 80 respectively. If the number of
students in these three sections were 70, 60 and 55 respectively, find the average marks of the 10th
class.
Solution
Class 10th = section A, B, C
A (70) B (60) C (55)
76 79 80

76 x 70 + 79 x 60 + 80 x 55
Avg =
70+60+55
OR
[1 x 70 + 4 x 60 + 5 x 55]
Avg = 75 +
70+60+55

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12. The sales recorded by a salesman in 6 days of a week are follows: Rs 20000 per day for the first three
days, Rs 16000 on Thursday, and Rs 24000 on Friday and on Saturday, it was Rs 30,000. Find his average
sales per day.
Solution
sum of sales
Avg. sales per day =
No of days
(20000 × 3) + 16000 + 24000 + 30000 130000
= = = 21667 (Approx.)
6 6

13. Shrikant earned an average of Rs 1600 per month from January to June. Then he earned Rs 1500, Rs
1800, Rs 1900 and Rs 2150 respectively during the months July, through October. During November,
he earned 50 % of what he earned in December. If his average earnings in the month of November.
Solution
First 6 months July to October Nov Dec

1600 x 6 + 1500+1800+1900+2150 + x + 2x
Avg = = 1600
12
⇒ 19200 = 9600 + 7350 + 3x
Nov Dec
2250
⇒ x= ⇒ 750 Rs 1500 Rs
3

14. The average age of a group of friends is 34 years. If 5 new friends with an average age of thirty years
join the group, the average of the entire group becomes 32 years. How many people were there in the
group initially?
Solution N1 + 5
Group I (N1) Group II (5) Group (I + II)
A1 = 34 years A2 = 30 years A3 = 32
∑ = 34 N1 ∑ =150 ∑ = 32 (N1 + 5)

⇒ 34 N1 + 150 = 32 (N1 + 5)
2 N1 = 10
N1 = 5

15. If 20 kg of wheat costing Rs 16 per kg is mixed with 16 kg of a second variety of wheat costing Rs 25/kg
then what is the average cost of the resulting mixture?
Solution
Type I (20 kg) Type II (16 kg)
Rs 16 / kg Rs 25 / kg

16 x 20 + 25 x 16
⇒ Avg. price = = 20 Rs/kg
20 + 16

16. If two kinds of grapes costing Rs 16 a kg and Rs 21 a kg are mixed in the ratio of 2:3 then find the cost
of mixture per kg.
Solution 2 : 3
Type I Type II
Rs. 16 per kg Rs. 21 per kg

16 x 2 + 21 x 3
⇒ Rate of mixture = = Rs 19 per kg
2+ 3

17. If 15 liters of 20% alcohol is mixed with 12 liters of 24% alcohol, then find the concentration of the
resulting solution.
Solution Type I (15 ltr) Type II (12 ltr)
20 % alcohol 24 % alcohol

20 x 15 + 24 x 12 588 7
⇒ Concentration = = = 21 %
15 + 12 27 9

#Code with KodNest Page | 75

Topic 14: Average, Mixture, Alligation

18. How many kilograms of rice costing Rs 16 per kg must be mixed with 24 kg of rice costing Rs 12 per
kg so that the resultant mixture costs Rs 13 per kg?
Solution 24 kg
Dearer (N1) Cheaper (N2)
16 Rs/kg 12 Rs/kg

13 Rs/kg

13-12 = 1 16-13 = 3
1 N1
⇒ =
3 24
⇒ N1 = 8 kg

19. There is a 40-liter solution of milk and water in which milk forms 72%. How much water must be
added to the solution to make it a solution in which milk forms 60%?
Solution
Solution 1 (40 ltr) Solution 2 (pure water = Let x)
Milk = 72% 0% Milk
Water = 28%

Mix
60% Milk
40% water

60-0 = 60 72 - 60= 12
⇒ 5 : 1
5 40
⇒ =
1 x
⇒ x = 8 ltr.

20. Two vessels contain mixtures of milk and water in the ratio of 4:9 in the first vessel and in the ratio
of 2: 7 in the second. In what ratio should the contents of these two vessels be mixed such that the
resulting mixture has milk and water in the ratio of 2: 5?
Solution

Vessel 1 Vessel 2
Milk : Water Milk : Water
4 2
4 : 9 M= 4/(9+4) = 2:7 M = 2/(7+2) =
13 9

Mixture
Milk : Water
2
2:5 M = 2/(5+2) =
7

4 2
13 9

2
7

2 2 4 2 2
(7 − 9) (13 − 7) = 91
4 2
:
63 91
4 2
:
7x9 13 x 7
⇒ 52 : 18 = 26 : 9

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21. In what ratio should Hanuman mix two varieties of Barley costing Rs 20 and Rs 24 per kg so that by
selling it at Rs 27.60 per kg, hanuman makes a profit of 20%?
Solution
Barley I (N1) Barley II (N2)
20 Rs/kg 24 Rs/kg

+20% P
Avg. costing 27.60 Rs/kg
23 Rs/kg ⇒ 120% ⇒ 27.60
27.60
1% =
120
2760
1 : 3 100% =
120

= 23 Rs/kg
⇒ N1 : N2 = 1:3

#Code with KodNest Page | 77

Topic 15: Clocks

TOPIC 15
CLOCKS
1. A clock is so placed that at 12 noon, its minute hand points towards north-east. In which direction
does its hour hand point at 1.30 p.m.?
A. East B. West C. North D. South E. None of these
Solution
N
9 NE 12 450 12 Noon

W E

SW 6 3
S
Hour Hand
1 hr 300
12 Noon to 1:30 pm 1.5 x 300
1.5 hr = 450

⇒ Hour hand will move clockwise by 450 from north east and therefore it will be pointing towards East
at 1:30 pm.

2. A clock is started at noon. After 5hrs 10 minutes, the hour hand has turned through how many
degrees with respect to the starting position?
A. 1450 B. 1500 C. 1550 D. 1600
Solution
Hour Hand
We know, 1 min 1/20
1
Noon to 5:10 pm 310 min x = 1550
2
3. How many times in a day, are the hands of a clock in straight line, but opposite in direction?
A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 48
Solution
Every 12 hr 1800 occur 11 times
⇒ In 1day 1800 occurs 11 x 2 =22 times
(24 hrs)

4. In a day, how many times are the hands of a clock together?

A. 12 times B. 24 times C. 20 times D. 22 times
Solution
Together ⇒ 00
Every 12 hr 00 occur 11 times
⇒ In 1day 00 occurs 11 x 2 =22 times
(24 hrs)

5. What is the angle between the two hands at 8:20 ‘O’ clock?
A. 150 degrees B. 130 degrees C. 250 degrees D. 320 degrees
Solution
h m
Time: 8 : 20
11 11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = x 20 – 30 × 8 = 110-240 =1300
2 2

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6. The angle between two hands at 3.45 is:

A. 110 degrees B. 115 degrees C. 157.5 degrees D. 117 degrees
Solution
h m
Time: 3 : 45
11 11
Θ= × m – 30 x h = × 45 – 30 x 3 = 247.5 - 90 =157.50
2 2

7. At what time between 7 and 8 ‘o’clock will the hands of clock be together?
𝟏
A. 23 minutes past 7 B. 21 minutes past 7
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟏
C. 38 minutes past 7 C. 11 minutes past 7 E. None of these
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 7 : ____ ____ ‘O’ clock

11
Θ= × m – 30 × h
2
11
00 = × m – 30 × 7
2
11 420 2
⇒ m = 30 × 7 ⇒ m = = 38
2 11 11
2
⇒ 38 min past 7 ‘O’ Clock
11

8. At what time between 9’ O clock and 10 O’clock will the hands of clock point in the opposite directions?
𝟐
A. 23 minutes past 10’ O clock B. 21 minutes past 9 O clock
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟒
C. 2 minutes past 9 O clock D. 16 minutes past 10’ O clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 9 hr ___m minutes
Θ = 1800
11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = 180
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
= m – 270 = 1800 m – 270 = -1800
2 2
11 11
⇒ m = 4500 ⇒ m = 900
2 2
900 9 180
⇒m= =81 ⇒m=
11 11 11
9 4
⇒ 81 min past 9 ‘O’ Clock =16
11 11
4
m>60 is not allowed ⇒ 16 min past 9 ‘O’ Clock
11

9. At what time between 4 and 5 ‘O’clock will the hands of clock point in the opposite directions?
𝟕 𝟖 𝟔
A. 54 past 4 B. 53 past 4 C. 54 past 4 D. 54 past 4
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 4 hr___m minutes
Θ = 1800
11
Θ = × m – 30 × 4 = 180
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
m – 120 = 1800 m – 120 = -1800
2 2
11 11
⇒ m = 300 ⇒ m = -600
2 2
600 6 −120 10
⇒m= =54 ⇒m= = -10
11 11 11 11
6
⇒ 54 min past 4 ‘O’ Clock m<0 is not allowed
11

#Code with KodNest Page | 79

Topic 15: Clocks

10. Find the time between 7 and 8 O’clock when two hands are at right angles?
𝟐 𝟐
A. 2 minutes past 7 O’clock B. 3 minutes past 7 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
C. 21 minutes past 7 O’clock D. 7 minutes past 7 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 7 hr ___m minutes
Θ = 1800
11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = 90
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
= m – 30 × 7 = 900 m – 30 × 7 = -900
2 2
11 11
⇒ m = 300 ⇒ m = 1200
2 2
600 4 240 9
⇒m= =54 ⇒m= = 21
11 11 11 11
4 9
⇒ 54 past 7 O’clock ⇒ 21 past 7 O’clock
11 11

11. Find the time between 5 and 6 O’clock when two hands of clock are of 6 minutes spaces apart.
𝟐 𝟔
A. 3 minutes past 5 O’clock B. 6 minutes past 5 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟖 𝟐
C. 20 minutes past 5 O’clock C. 4 minutes past 5 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 5 hr___m minutes
Θ = 6 min spaces
= 6×60 = 360 (minute hand⇒1 min = 60 ⇒1 min spaces = 60⇒6x6 =360)
11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = 36
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
= m – 30×h = 36 m – 30×5 = -360
2 2
11 11
⇒ m – 30×5 = 36 ⇒ m = 114
2 2
11 228
⇒ m =186 ⇒m=
2 11
372 9 8
⇒m= = 33 ⇒ 20
11 11 11

12. A watch gains 5 min every hour. If it was set right at 12 noon, what is the true time when the watch
is showing 5 pm, on the same day?
A. 4:480/13 B. 3:480/13 C. 0.569444444 D. None of these
Solution
Faulty clock Correct clock FC CC
12 noon 12 noon 65 min 60 min
5 : 00 pm ? 13 min 12 min
12
5hr 1 min min
13

FC CC
260 min 240 min (4hrs)
39 min 36 min
12
1 min min
13
12 𝟒𝟖𝟎
⇒ 300 min = 4hrs. + 36 + min = 4 hr + min
13 𝟏𝟑

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13. A clock is late by 1 minute 27 seconds in a month, then by how much seconds will it be late in 1 day?
A. 2.9 B. 3.9 C. 4.9 D. 5.9
Solution
Faulty clock Correct clock
Delay of 1 min 27 sec 1 month (30 day)
= 87 seconds
87
Delay of sec 1 day
30
= 2.9 sec

14. The famous church in the city of Kumbakonnam has a big clock tower and is said to be over 300 years
old. Every Monday 10.00 a.m., the clock is set right by Antony, doing service in the church. The clock
loses 6 mins every hour. What will be the actual time when the faulty clock shows 3 p.m on Friday?
A. 1:06 am Saturday B. 4:54 am Friday
C. 2:13:20 am Saturday D. 3 am Friday
Solution
FC CC FC CC
loses 6 min 1 hr Mon 10am Mon 10 am
54 min 60 min Fri 3 pm ?
54 hrs 60 hrs 101 hrs pass
9 hrs 10 hrs
10
1 hr hrs
9

FC CC
99hrs 110hrs
20 2 40 1
2hrs hrs = 2+ hrs = 2hrs+ min = 2hrs 13min+ sec
9 9 3 3
⇒ 101 hrs = 101hrs. +(11hrs + 13min + 20 sec)

FRIDAY 3 p.m. + 11hrs + 13min + 20 sec

= 2:13:20 am Saturday

15. At 6'o clock, the clock ticks 6 times. The time between first and last ticks was 30sec. How much time it
takes at 12'o clock?
A. 60 sec B. 56 sec C. 76 sec D. 66 sec
Solution
6 ‘O’ clock ⇒ 6 times
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
t t t t t 5t = 30
30 sec ⇒ t = 6 sec
12 ‘O’ clock (12 times)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
t t t t t t t t t t t

11t = 11 x 6 = 66 sec

16. In a clock, the long hand is of 8cm and the short hand is of 7cm. If the clock runs for 4 days, find out the
total distance covered by both the hands.
A. 1824 π cm B. 1648 π cm C. 1724 π cm D. 2028 π cm
Solution
Long Hand Short Hand
Radius(R) = 8 cm Radius(r) = 7 cm
1hr 1 revolution(2πR) 12hr 1 revolution(2πr)
1day (24hrs) 24rev × (2πR) 1day (24hrs) 2rev × (2πr)
4 days 24 × (2πR) × 4 4 days 2 × (2πr) × 4
Total distance travelled = 24 × (2πR) × 4 + 2 × (2πr) × 4
= 4 × 4 [ 6 × 2π × 8 + 7π]
=16 [ 96π + 7π] = 16 ×103π = 1648π

#Code with KodNest Page | 81

Topic 16: Calendar

TOPIC 16
CALENDAR
1. On 8th December 2007, Saturday falls. What day was it on 8th December 2006?
Solution
8th December 2006 8th December 2007
? Saturday
+ 365
+1 odd day
? +1 = Saturday
⇒ ? = Friday

2. First day of 1999 is Sunday, what is the last day?

Solution
1st Jan 1999 1st Jan 2000
Sun Sun+1 = Mon
+ 365
+1 odd day
⇒last day 31st dec 1999 = Sunday

3. It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What is the day of the week on Jan 1, 2010?
Solution
Jan1,2006 Jan1,2007 Jan1,2008 Jan1,2009 Jan1,2010
Sun Mon Tue Thu Fri
+365 +365 +366 +365
+1 odd +1 odd +2 odd +1 odd
day day day day

4. Monday falls on 20th March 1995. What was the day on 3rd November 1994?
Solution
3rd November 1994 20th March 1995(non-leap)
? Mon
Nov Dec Jan Feb March
30-3=27 3 3 0 20

+53 days
+4 odd days
⇒ ? + 4 = Monday
⇒ ? = Thursday

5. If the Valentine’s Day in 2005 falls on Monday, then on which day will the Valentine’s Day fall in 2010?
Solution
14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Mon Tue Wed Thu Sat Sun

+365 +365 +365 +366 +365

+1 +1 +1 +2 +1

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6. Today is Monday, after 61 days, it will be:

Solution
Today +61 days Mon + 5
Mon =Saturday
+5 odd days

7. The day on 5th march of a year is the same day on what date of same year?
A. 5th Nov B. 6th Nov C. 5th Dec D. 6th Dec
Solution
March (31 days) A M J J A S O Nov(5th)
31-5 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 5 days
=26

21 odd days
⇒ 0 odd day
⇒ 5th Nov = 5th march

8. A person has to work 8 continuous days & rests on 9th day. If a person starts on Monday, what day is on
12th rest day?
Solution
1st – 8th 9th Next 8 days 18th day Next 8 days 27th day ………… 12th rest day
working Rest Working Rest Working Rest ⇒12x9
=108th day

12th rest day

1st day +107 days (108th day)
Mon ⇒ Mon + 2
+2 odd day = Wednesday

9. In the month of January of a certain year, there are 4 Thursdays & 4 Sunday. What will the day on 1st
Jan of that month?
Solution
January (31 days) ⇒ Mon to Sun (7 days)
⇒3 odd days

3 days 4 days
will occur will occur
5 times 4 times

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

1st 2nd 3rd -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
29th 30th 31st

1st Jan is Monday.

10. If day before yesterday was Monday, what day will fall a day after tomorrow?
Solution
Mon Wed Friday
Day before yesterday Today Day after tomorrow

11. Mamuni went to the movies 9 days ago. She goes to the movies only on Thursday. What day of the
week is today? .
Solution Today =Thursday +9
+9
Thursday =Thursday + 2
+2 odd day = Saturday

#Code with KodNest Page | 83

Topic 16: Calendar

12. The calendar for the year 2007 will be same for the year:
Solution
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Let Mon Tue Thu Fri Sat Sun

+365 +366 +365 +365 +365

+1 +2 +1 +1 +1

+366
+2

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Tue Wed Thu Fri Sun Mon

+365 +365 +365 +366 +365

+1 +1 +1 +2 +1

13. What will be the day of the week on 15th August 2010?
Solution 2001 to 2009
Reference Day 2000 yrs passed 9yrs
Sunday 5 x 400 = 0 Odd days 2L 7NL
4 odd days 7 odd days
2010
J F M A M J J A
3 0 3 2 3 2 3 15

15+4+2 21
⇒ = = 0 odd days
7 7
Ref day 15th Aug 2010
Sun Sun + 0 = Sunday
+0 odd day

14. Find the day of the week on 16th July 1776?

Solution
Reference Day 1600 yrs. 1601 – 1700 1701 to 1775 (75 yrs)
Sunday 1600 yrs passed 100 yrs passed 75/4
0 Odd days 5 Odd days 18L 57NL
18x2=36 57x1=57
⇒1 Odd day ⇒1 Odd day
1776(Leap)
J F M A M J J
3 1 3 2 3 2 16
⇒ 2 Odd days ⇒ Sun + 2 = Tuesday

15. What was the day of the week on 12th January 1979?
Solution
Reference Day 1600 1601 – 1900 1901 to 1978(78 yrs)
Sunday 1600 yrs passed 300 yrs passed 78/4
0 Odd days 3 x 100 yrs 19L 59NL
3 x 5 = 15 19x2=38 59x1=59
⇒1 Odd day ⇒3 Odd day ⇒3 Odd day
1776
Jan
12 days
⇒ 3+3+1+ 12 = 5 odd days ⇒ Sun + 5 = Friday

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16. What was the day of the week on 26th December 1995?
Solution
Reference Day 1600 1601 – 1900 1901 to 1994(94 yrs)
Sunday 1600 yrs passed 300 yrs passed 94 yrs
=0 Odd days 3 x 100 yrs 23L 71NL
3 x 5 = 15 23x2=46 71x1=71
⇒1 Odd day ⇒4 Odd day ⇒1 Odd day
1995
1st Jan to 26th Dec = 365 – (5 days) = 360 days ⇒ 3 odd days
⇒ 1 + 4 + 1 + 3 =9 ⇒ 2 odd days ⇒ Sun + 2 = Tuesday

20. The last day of the century cannot be:

A. Monday B. Wednesday C. Tuesday D. Friday
Solution
Remember: The last day of the century cannot be Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday.
Hence Tuesday is the answer.

#Code with KodNest Page | 85

Topic 17: Sequence and Series

TOPIC 17
SEQUENCE & SERIES
1. Find 14th term, if a = 3, d = 2.
Solution
a = 3 and d = 2
⇒ a14 = a + 13d = 3 + 26 = 29

2. Find n, if a = 2, an = 41, d = 3.
Solution
an = a + (n – 1) d
41 = 2 + (n – 1)3
⇒ (n – 1) = 13
⇒ n = 14

3. Find a & d, given, a3 = 6, a17 = 34.

Solution
a3 = a + 2d = 6 …………….. 1
a17 = a + 16d = 34 ………………. 2
⇒ 14d = 28 ⇒ d = 2
substituting in eq. 1, we get
⇒a+4=6⇒a=2

4. Find a, d, n if 4th term = 12, 16th term = 20 & an = 26.

Solution
a4 = a + 3d = 12 ………………. 1
a16 = a + 15d = 20 ……………… 2
8 2
⇒ 12d = 8 ⇒ d = =
12 3
Substituting in eq. 1, we get
⇒ a + 2 = 12 ⇒ a = 10
Now, we know, an = a + (n – 1) d
2 16 × 3
⇒ 26 = 10 + (n – 1) ⇒ = (n – 1) ⇒ n = 25
3 2

5. Find sum of 22 terms of A.P, if a = 4, d = 4/3

Solution
22
S22 = [2 × 4 + 21 × 4/3] = 11 x 36 = 396
2

6. Find the A.M of the A.P with 41 terms where a = 2.5 and d = 0.75.
Solution
First term + last term
A.M =
2
2.5+(2.5+40 ×0.75)
=
2
35
= = 17.5
2

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7. Divide 124 into 4 parts which are in A.P such that product of 1st & 4th part is 128 less than the product
of 2nd & 3rd part.
Solution
124

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

a – 3d a–d a+d a + 3d

Σ = 124
⇒ 4a = 124
⇒ a = 31 (here, a is not first term)
Now,
2nd × 3rd – 1st × 4th = 128
(a2 – d2) – (a2 – 9d2) = 128
8d2 = 128
d2 = 16
⇒d=±4
So, after substituting the values, the series will be
19 27 35 43
When we take d = -4, we will get same answer, only the order of numbers will change.

8. Find 3 terms of an A.P whose sum = 36 and product is 960.

Solution
a–d , a , a+d
Sum = 3a ⇒ 3a = 36 ⇒ a = 12
Now, Product = 960
⇒ (a2 – d2) x (12) = 960
144 - d2 = 80
d2 = 64
⇒d=±8
Substituting the values, we get the required series as-
4 12 20

9. First term = 7, last term = 47. If sum = 297, find number of terms in the A.P & common difference.
Solution
n
We know, Sum = [first term + last term]
2
n
⇒ 297 = [47 + 7]
2
⇒ n = 11
Now,
an = a + (n – 1)d
⇒ 47 = 7 + (10)d
⇒d=4

10. If 63rd term = -77, 6th term = 37. Find 17th term.
Solution
a63 – a6 = (63-6) d
⇒ (63 – 6) d = (-77) – 37
⇒ 57d = -114
⇒d = -2
Now, a6 = a+5d
⇒ a + 5d = 37
⇒ a – 10 = 37
⇒ a = 47
⇒ a17 = a + 16d
= 47 – 16 x 2
= 15

#Code with KodNest Page | 87

Topic 17: Sequence and Series

11. Sum of 3 numbers in A.P is 21 & sum of their squares is 165. Find the numbers.
Solution
a–d , a , a+d
Given,
Sum = 21
⇒ 3a = 21
⇒a=7
Also,
(a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = 165
⇒ a2 + d2 – 2ad + a2 + a2 + d2 + 2ad = 165
⇒ 3a2 + 2d2 = 165
⇒ 2d2 = 165 – 3 x 49 = 18
d2 = 18/2 = 9
d=±3
substituting the values, we get the series as:
4 7 10

12. 1st term = 6, common ratio = 2/3, 7th term = ?

Solution
6 × 64
a7 = ar6 = 6(2/3)6 =
729
128
=
243

13. 1st term = 16, common ratio = 1/2, find S5 .

Solution
a(1−r^n)
S5 =
1−r
16(31/32)
= 16[1 – (1/2)5]/ (1 – (1/2)) = = 31
1/2

14. Find three no. in G.P whose sum is 26 & product is 216.
Solution
a/r a ar
Product = 216
⇒ a3 = 216 ⇒ a = 6
Now,
a/r + a + ar = 26
6/r + 6 + 6r = 26
⇒ 6 + 6r + 6r2 = 26r
⇒ 6r2 – 20r + 6 = 0
⇒ 6r2 –18r -2r + 6 = 0
(6r – 2) (r – 3) = 0
r = 3, 1/3
⇒ 2, 6, 18 is the required series.

15. Find the sum of series

1, 2/5, 4/25, 8/125, …………………… α
Solution
Here r = 2/5 and α term} α G.P
a 1 5
⇒ Sn = = 2 =
1−r 1−( ) 3
5

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TOPIC 18
AREA MENSURATION
1. The dimensions of a certain machine are 48” × 30” × 52”. If the size of the machine is increased
proportionately until the sum of its dimensions equals 156”, what will be the increase in the shortest
side?
Solution
M1: 48” 30” 52” Sum of Dimensions = 48 + 30 + 52 = 130
M1 13
M 2= : 4.8” 3” 5.2” Sum of Dimensions = = 13
10 10
M3 =12M2 36” ___ Sum of Dimensions = 13 × 12 = 156
Change in shortest dimension = 36” – 30” = 6” Ans.

2. A hollow space on earth surface is to be filled. Total cost of filling is Rs.20000. The cost of filling per m3
is Rs 225. How many times a size of 3 m3 soil is required to fill the hollow space?
Solution
Total cost = Cost per m3 × Volume
⇒ Rs. 20000 = 225 Rs. per m3 × Volume
20000
⇒ Volume = m3
225
Let 3m3 size soil is required K times,
⇒ 3K = Volume
20000
⇒ 3K =
225
800
⇒K= = 29.63 ≈ 30
27
∴ 30 packets of 3m3 soil is required to fill the hollow space.

3. 4 horses are tethered at 4 corners of a square plot of side 63 meters so that they just
cannot reach one another. The area left ungrazed is?
Solution 63
2 Ungrazed area = Area of Square ABCD
A B
I II – Total area of regions I, II, III and IV
63 2
= 632 – π( )
2
= 850.5 m2 Ans.
III 63 IV
C D
63

4. What is the percentage of increase in area of a triangle if its sides are doubled?
Solution
Side (m) Area (m2 = m.m)
2 times (Doubled) 22 = 4 times
Aold Anew
X 4X
3X Increase
3X
∴ % inc. = × 100 = 300% Ans.
X

#Code with KodNest Page | 89

Topic 18: Area Mensuration

5. There is a rectangular Garden whose length and width is 60m x 20m.There is a walkway of uniform
width around garden. Area of walkway is 516m2. Find width of walkway?
Solution
A = 60×w
Area of Walkway = 516 m2
A = w2 w A = w2 ⇒ 4w2 + 2(60w) + 2(20w) = 516
⇒ 4w2 + 160w – 516 = 0
w 40m w ⇒ w2 + 40w – 129 = 0
A = 40×w A = 40×w ⇒ w2 + 43w – 3w – 129 = 0
60m
⇒ w(w + 43) – 3(w + 43) = 0
w A = w 2 ⇒ (w – 3) (w + 43) = 0
A = w2
⇒ w = 3 or, w= – 43
Ans.
A = 60×w Width cannot be negative.

6. Two goats are tied with a rope of length 40m outside of a rectangular shed of dimensions 50m×30m.
The goats are tied to different corners which lie on the opposite ends of a diagonal of the shed. What
is the area in which the two goats can eat grass, if they choose not to eat in the common
approachable area?
Solution
Grazed Area = Sum of areas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII & VIII
V VI VII
r = 40 r = 10
1 1
=6[ × π(40) ]+2[ × π(10)
2 2
]
IV 40 10 I 4 4
30
= 2400 π + 50 π
= 2450 π Ans.
VIII III II

7. The ratio between the perimeter and the breadth of a rectangle is 5:1. If the area of the rectangle is
216 sq. cm, what is the length of the rectangle?
Solution
Perimeter : Breadth Area = L × B
(2L+2B) : B = 3x . 2x = 6x2
5:1 ⇒ 6x = 216 cm2
2

⇒ x2 = 36 cm2
L:B ⇒ x = 6 cm
3
[ ∶ 1] ∴ L = 3x = 3×6 = 18cm Ans.
2
[3 ∶ 2]
If L = 3x then B = 2x

8. Find the cost of fencing around a circular field of diameter 28 m at the rate of Rs 1.50 a meter?
Solution
22
Total Cost of fencing = Rate × Circumference = 1.5 × πd = 1.5 × × 28 = Rs. 132 Ans.
7

9. Ms. Ganesh Mahal, Coimbatore wanted to present each of its customers with a memento rectangle
in size. The mementos were of size 25 x 20 cm. The company requested the carpenter to make it in
such a way that both 25 cm sides should have 24 nails each and the shorter sides should have 10
nails each. How many decorative nails the carpenter would have used in each memento?
Solution A 24 Nails B A 22 Nails B

Or,
10 Nails 10 Nails 8 Nails 8 Nails

D 24 Nails C D 22 Nails C
Total nails used = (24+24+10+10)-4 = 64 Ans. Total nails used = (22+22+8+8)+4 = 64 Ans.

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10. Ramnath and Company was celebrating silver Jubilee celebrations and the authorities wanted to
present a square cardboard memento fitted with decorative pins on all the four sides. They fitted 36
decorative pins with 1 cm distance between any two pins and with equal number of pins when counted
on any side. Find the dimension of the cardboard.
Solution
A B
8 Nails
36–4 corner nails = 32 nails, 8 on each side
⇒ 8 + 2 corner nails = 10 nails on each side.
8 Nails 8 Nails 10 nails mean 9 gaps, each gap is of 1cm.
∴ Length of each side = 9×1cm = 9cm. Ans.

D 8 Nails C

11. A triangle is made from a rope. The sides of the triangle are 21 cm, 24 cm and 28 cm. What will be the
area of the square made from the same rope?
Solution
Length of rope = 21+24+28 = 73cm
⇒ Perimeter of square = 73cm
73
⇒ side of square = cm
4
73 2
⇒Area of square = ( ) = 333.0625 cm2 Ans.
4

12. One man wants to build a wall. The length and breadth of the wall are 20 and 30 cms respectively.
He needs 35 bricks for one square centimeter then how many bricks he needs?
Solution
For 1cm2 35 bricks are needed
For 20 × 30 cm2 20 × 30 × 35 bricks will be needed
= 21000 bricks. Ans.
20
30

13. Raj drives slowly along the perimeter of a rectangular park at 24 kmph and completes one full round
in 4 minutes 30 seconds. If the ratio of the length to the breadth of the park is 5:7, what are its
dimensions?
Solution
L:B
5:7
5x : 7x ⇒ Perimeter = 2(L+B) = 2 × 12x = 24x
⇒ Perimeter = Speed × Time
5
⇒ 24x = 24 × m/s × 270 s
18
⇒ x = 75
⇒ L = 5x = 375m and B = 7x = 525m Ans.

14. There is a pool of radius x and there is a pathway around the pool with a width of 4 feet. Find the radius
of the pool if the path area/pool area=11/25.
Solution
Path Area = π(x + 4) 2 - πx 2
Path Area 11 Pool Area 25
x 4 ⇒ = ⇒ =
Pool Area 25 Total Area 36
πx2 25
x+4 ⇒ 2
=
π(x+4) 36
x2 25
⇒ =
(x+4)2 36
x 5 2+x 11
⇒ = ⇒ 2 = ⇒ x = 20 Ans.
𝑥+4 6 x 200

#Code with KodNest Page | 91

Topic 18: Area Mensuration

15. A sphere is cut into 4 identical pieces after it was painted. What is the ratio of painted area to the
unpainted area?
Solution
Painted area = Surface area of sphere = 4πr2
Unpainted area = 2πr2 + 2πr2 = 4πr2
Painted Area 4πr2
Ratio = = = 1:1
Unpainted Area 4πr2

16. In a square, all the mid points are joined. The inner square is shaded. If the area of the
square is A, what is the shaded area?
Solution
A a P a B
Area of Square ABCD = (2a)2 = 4a2 = A
𝑎√2 𝑎√2 a
a A
Area of Shaded Square PQRS = (√2a)2 = 2a2 = Ans.
2
S Q
a a
𝑎√2 𝑎√2
D C
a R a

17. A thermal chimney of circular cross section has outer and inner radii of 3m and 2m respectively.
Find the cost of cement finishing for the inner and outer surface at Rs.20per sq. meter, if the height
of the chimney is 56m.
Solution
Height of Chimney = 56m
Outer radius (r1) = 3m
2m 3m
Inner radius (r2) = 2m
Total surface area (Inner + Outer) = 2πr1h + 2πr2h
56m = 2πh (r1 + r2)
22
= 2× ×56(3 + 2)
7
= 2×880 = 1760m2
Cost (Rs.) = Rate (Rs/m2) × Area (m2)
= 20 × 1760
= Rs. 35200 Ans.

18. A store owner is packing small radios into larger boxes that measure 25 in. by 42 in. by 60 in. If the
measurement of each radio is 7 in. by 6 in. by 5 in., then how many radios can be placed in the box?
Solution
Let x radios are there
(Volume of 1 radio).x = Volume of Box
⇒ [7” × 6” × 5”].x = 25” × 42” × 60”
⇒ x = 300 Ans.

19. A photograph is to be fitted in a photo frame of sides 18 cm by 15 cm such that there is a margin of
1.5 cm left. What should be the area of the photograph?
Solution
Outer dimensions = 18 cm × 15 cm
Margin = 1.5 cm
Inner dimension = (18 – 3) by (15 – 3)
= 15 by 12
⇒ Area of photo = 15 × 12 = 180 cm2

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20. A closed wooden box of thickness 0.5 cm and length 21 cm, width 11 cm, and height 6 cm, is painted on
the inside. The cost of painting is Rs.70. What is the rate of painting in rupees per sq.cm?
Solution
Outer dimensions = 21 × 11 × 6
Margin = 0.5 cm
Inner dimensions = 20 × 10 × 5
⇒ Inner surface area = 2LB + 2BH+ 2HL = 2(20 × 10) + 2(10 × 5) + 2(20 × 5)
= 400 + 100 + 200
= 700 cm2
Cost (Rs.) = Rate (Rs/cm2) × Area (cm2)
⇒ Rs. 70 = Rate × 700cm2
1
⇒ Rate = = 0.1 Rs/cm2 Ans.
10

#Code with KodNest Page | 93

Topic 19: Number Series

TOPIC 19
NUMBER SERIES
-1 -1 -1 -1

1. 16 , 15 , 18 , 17 , 20 , 19 , 22 , 21

+3 +3 +3

2. 6 , 7 , 26 , 6 , 7 , 24 , 6 , 7 , 22

-2 -2

3. 16 , 17 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 14 , 20 , 21 , 14 , 22 , 23 , 14

4. 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 16 , 17 , 18

5. 5 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 8 , 8 , 11 , 11 , 15 , 15

+1 +2 +3 +4

6. 5 , 5 , 7 , 7 , 9 , 9 , 11 , 11 , 13 , 13

+2 +2 +2 +2

12 32 112
7. 1 , 1 , 3 , 9 , 11 , 121 , 123 , 1232

+2 +2 +2

8. 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 8 , 16 , 24

×2 ×2 ×2

9. 32 , 32 , 33 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 35 , 36 , 35 , 36

+6 -7 +6 -7

10. 11 , 17 , -6 , -13 , 24 , 30 , -19 , -26 , 37 , 43

+13 -13 +13

11. 3 , 1 , 13 , 11 , 31 , 29 , 57

12 22 32 42 52 62 72
+2 -3 +4 -5 +6 -7 +8
=57
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12. 6 , 120 , 504 , 1320 , 2730

23 53 83 113 143
-2 -5 -8 -11 -14__
2730

13. 23 , 8 , 34 , 81 , 33 , 27 , 43 , 64

23 = 8 34 = 81 33 = 27 43 = 64

+1 +1 +1 +1

14. 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 33 38

+2 +3 +4 +5

15. 16 , 19 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 33 , 37

+3 +4 +3 +4 +3 +4

16. 5 , 5 , 15 , 75 , 525 , 4725

×1 ×3 ×5 ×7 ×9

-2 -2 -2 -2
17. 1 , 4 , 2 , 8 , 6 , 24 , 22 , 88 , 86

×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

18. 70 , 54 , 45 , 41 , 40

-16 -9 -4 -1
42 32 22 12

19. 5 , 5 , 15 , 75 , 525 , 4725

×1 ×3 ×5 ×7 ×9

#Code with KodNest Page | 95

Topic 20: Coding Decoding

TOPIC 20
CODING DECODING
1. If HAND is written as IBOE in a certain code, how is SILK written in that code?
Solution
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

H A N D S I L K Forward
Pattern

I B O E T J M L

2. If HAND is written as EOBI in a certain code, how is SILK written in that code?
Solution
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

H A N D S I L K Reverse
Pattern

E O B I L M J T

3. If HAND is written as BIEO in a certain code, how is SILK written in that code?
Solution
+1 +1 +1 +1

H A N D S I L K Mixed
Pattern

B I E O J T L M

4. If WRITE is written as VQHSD in a certain code, how is MIGHT written in that code?
Solution
W R I T E M I G H T

Forward
(±1)Pattern
V Q H S D L H F G S

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

5. If CHAIR is written as EJCKT in a certain code, how is TABLE written in that code?
Solution
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2

C H A I R T A B L E Forward
(+2)Pattern

E J C K T V C D N G

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6. If SHYAM is written as JXVEP in a certain code, how is PINKU written in that code?
Solution
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3

19 8 25 1 13 16 9 14 11 21
Reverse
S H Y A M P I N K U Pattern

(-3)
J X V E P R H K F M

10 24 22 5 16 18 8 11 6 13

7. If MOTHERS is written as OLVEGOU in a certain code, how is BROUGHT written in that code?
Solution
+2 -3 +2 -3 +2 -3 +2

13 15 20 8 5 18 19

M O T H E R S

O L V E G O U
Forward Pattern
15 12 22 5 7 15 21
(+2, -3, +2, -3)
+2 -3 +2 -3 +2 -3 +2

B R O U G H T

D O Q R I E V

8. If PRAMOD is written as SODJRA in a certain code, how is KESHAV written in that code?
Solution
+3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3

16 18 1 13 15 4 11 5 19 8 1 22

P R A M O D K E S H A V

S O D J R A N B V E D S

19 15 4 10 18 1 14 2 22 5 4 19

9. If READ is written as CGTF in a certain code, how is RAIL written in that code?
Solution
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2

18 5 1 4 18 1 9 12

R E A D R A I L Cross
Pattern

C G T F K C T N

3 7 20 6 11 3 20 14

#Code with KodNest Page | 97

Topic 20: Coding Decoding

10. If MIRACLE is written as XMOAYHA in a certain code, how is PRELIMS written in that code?
Solution
+2 +4 +6 -2 -4 -6

13 9 18 1 3 12 5

M I R A C L E

X M O A Y H A

24 13 15 1 25 8 1

+2 +4 +6 -2 -4 +6

16 18 5 12 9 13 19

P R E L I M S

K V R L M I G

11 22 18 12 13 9 7

11. If VASTU is written as WCVXZ in a certain code, how is STAIR written in that code?
Solution
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

22 1 19 20 21 19 20 1 9 18

V A S T U S T A I R

W C V X Z T V D M W

23 3 22 24 26 20 22 4 13 23

12. If MOTHERS is written as SREHTOM in a certain code, how is BROUGHT written in that code?
Solution
M O T H E R S [Position based pattern]

S R E H T O M

B R O U G H T

T H G U O R B

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13. If HUMIDITY is written as UHIMIDTY in a certain code, how is POLITICS written in that code?
Solution
H U M I D I T Y

NC

U H I M I D T Y

P O L I T I C S

O P I L I T C S

14. If MANUFACTURE is written as AMFUNUTCARE in a certain code, how is ELECTRONICS written in that
code?

Solution

M A N U F A C T U R E

A M F U N U T C A R E

E L E C T R O N I C S

L E T C E I N O R C S

15. If DISTRIBUTION is written as IRTSIDNOITUB in a certain code, how is SUBSTITUTION written in that
code?

Solution

D I S T R I B U T I O N

I R T S I D N O I T U B

S U B S T I T U T I O N

I T S B U S N O I T U T

16. If BREAKTHROUGH is written as EAOUHRBRGHKT in a certain code, how is DISTRIBUTION written in

that code?
Solution
B R E A K T H R O U G H

E A O U H R B R G H K T

D I S T R I B U T I O N

S T T I B U D I O N R I

#Code with KodNest Page | 99

Topic 21: Blood Relation

TOPIC 21
BLOOD RELATION
1. A man pointing to a photograph says, “The lady in the photograph is my nephew’s maternal
grandmother’’. How is the lady in the photograph related to the man’s sister who has no other sister
and no brother?
A. Mother B. Cousin C. Mother-in-law D. Sister-in -law
Solution
E_
Grandma Lady in photograph

MAN
Me (A)+ …………………….. C _ D+

nephew

B+
Decode: C is the sister of A Ans. (a) MOTHER
E is the mother of C

2. Pointing to a lady, a person said, “The son of her only brother is the brother of my wife.” How is the
lady related to the person?
A. Maternal aunt B. Grandmother
C. Sister of Father-in-law D. None of these
Solution
Lady Person
P_ 1Q+ (A) B_ C+

SON(C)
JOIN THE TREES.
Lady
P_ 1Q+

Person
C+ B_ A+

Q is Father-in-law of A. option (c)

P is sister of father-in-law of A

3. Pointing to a photograph Anjali said, “He is the son of the only son of my grandfather.” How is the
man in the photograph related to Anjali?
A. Brother B. Uncle C. Son D. Data is inadequate
Solution
GF+(A)

ONLY SON B+

Anjali _ C+ Man in the photograph

C + is brother to Anjali.
(a)
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4. Pointing to a woman, Abhijit said, “Her granddaughter is the only daughter of my brother.” How is the
woman related to Abhijit?
A. Sister B. Grandmother C. Mother-in-law D. Mother
Solution
WOMAN C _

Abhijit+ A+

1B _
WOMAN (C _ ) is MOTHER to Abhijit.

5. Pointing towards a man, a woman said, “His mother is the only daughter of my mother.” How is the
woman related to the man?
A. Mother B. Grandmother C. Sister D. Daughter
Solution
M_

WOMAN (A_)

MAN (C +) A _ is MOTHER to C +

6. Pointing to Varman, Madhav said, “I am the only son of one of the sons of his father.” How is Varman
related to Madhav?
A. Nephew B. Uncle C. Father or Uncle D. Father
Solution
X+

Varman A+ B+ C+ D+

(OR) (OR)
MADHAV MADHAV
Varman is either father or uncle of Madhav.

7. Introducing a woman, Shashank said, “She is the mother of the only daughter of my son.” How that
woman is related to Shashank?
A. Daughter B. Sister-in-law C. Wife D. Daughter-in-law
Solution
Shashank +
X

SON (A +) B_
Woman

P(1) _
Woman is Daughter-in-law of Shashank

#Code with KodNest Page | 101

Topic 21: Blood Relation

8. Pointing to a photograph, X said to his friend Y, “She is the only daughter of the father of my mother.”
How X is related to the person of photograph?
A. Daughter B. Son C. Nephew D. Cannot be decided
Solution
F+

M_
Person in photograph

X+
X is SON to M _ ⇒ option (b) SON

9. Pointing to a woman, a man says, “Her mother is the only daughter of my mother-in-law”. How
is the woman related to the man?
A. Sister B. Daughter C. Aunt
D. Data is insufficient E. None of these
Solution
P_

ONLY

MAN (A +) B_

WOMAN (C _)
C is Daughter of A.

10. Pointing to a person, Deepak said, “His only brother is the father of my daughter’s father”. How is
the person related to Deepak?
A. Father B. Grandfather C. Uncle D. Brother-in-law
Solution
F+ Person

UNCLE (option c)
Deepak +

A_

11. Pointing out to a photograph, a man tells his friend, “She is the daughter of the only son of my
father’s wife”. How is the girl in photograph related to the man?
A. Niece B. Daughter C. Mother D. None of these
Solution

P+ Q_

MAN (A+)

photograph
D_

D _ is Daughter to A+

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12. Deepak said to Nitin, “That boy playing with the football is the younger of the two brothers of the
daughter of my father’s wife. “How is the boy playing football related to Deepak?
A. Son B. Brother C. Cousin D. Brother-in-law
Solution
A+ B

Deepak+ Brother playing D_

football

The boy playing football is brother of Deepak.

13. Rita told Mani, ‘’The girl I met yesterday at the beach was the youngest daughter of the brother-in-law
of my friend’s mother. How is the girl related to Rita’s friend?
A. Daughter B. Niece C. Friend D. Cousin
Solution

B_ C+ E_

Rita Friend Youngest

A D_
Girl at the beach.
A & D_ are children of real sisters B and E, and therefore they are cousins.
D_ is cousin of Rita’s friend(A)

14. Aditya is Bhavi’s brother; Bharat is Jayant’s father. Ella is Bhavi’s mother. Aditya and Jayant are
brothers. What is Ella’s relationship with Bharat?
A. Sister B. Mother C. Daughter
D. Wife E. None of these
Solution
Aditya+ Bhavi Ella _ Aditya+ Jayant+
Bharat+

Jayant Bhavi

Bharat Ella _

⇒ Bharat is husband of Ela.

or
Jayant+ Aditya+ Bhavi Ella is wife of Bharat (d)

15. B is the only daughter-in-law of A. M is the only grandson of A. P is M’s father. How is P related to B?
A. Husband B. Son-in-law C. Son D. Wife
Solution
A

ONLY

B_ P+

ONLY

M+

P is husband of B.

#Code with KodNest Page | 103

Topic 21: Blood Relation

16. E is the only son of F. E is married to G and C is the only daughter of G. How C is related to E?
A. Granddaughter B. Daughter C. Sister D. Son
Solution
F

ONLY C _ is daughter to E +

E+ G_

ONLY

C_

17. Priya is the sister of Kirti. Ramesh is the son of Kirti. Karan is the brother of Ramesh. How is Karan
related to Priya?
A. Nephew B. Brother C. Son D. Cannot determine
Solution
Priya_ Kirti

Karan+ Ramesh+
Karan is nephew to Priya.

18. If A + B means A is the brother of B; A – B means A is the sister of B and A x B means A is the father
of B. Which of the following means that C is the son of M?
A. M – N ×C + F B. M × N - C + F C. F – C + N × M D. N + M – F × C
Solution

+ brother + sister × father

(a) M - N × C + F
sister father Brother M_ N+

aunt
nephew
C+ F
Here, C is nephew of M.

(b) M × N - C + F M+
F S B

N_ C+ F
correct
Here, C is the son of M. So, this option is correct

(c) F_ - C+ + N+ × M
S B F
N+ C+ F_

M
Here, C is uncle of M

(d) N+ + M_ - F+ × C
B S F
We cannot confirm the gender of C even if we draw the diagram. So, C is son cannot be confirmed from this.

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TOPIC 22
DIRECTION SENSE
1. A person travels 6km towards West, then travels 5km towards North, then finally travels 6km towards
West. Where is he, with respect to his starting position?
A. 13km North-east B. 13km East C. 13km North-west D. 13km West
Solution
Journey: 6 km West
5 km North 12km West
6 km West 5km North
√122 + 52 = 13km North-west

2. Manish goes 7 km towards South-East from his house, then he goes 14 km turning to West. After this,
he goes 7 km towards North-West and in the end, he goes 9 km towards East. How far is he from his
house?
A. 5 km B. 2 km C. 7 km D. 14 km E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 7 km South-East
14 km West 14km West
7 km North-West

3. Laxman went 15 kms to the west from his house, then turned left and walked 20 kms. He then turned
East and walked 25 kms and finally turning left covered 20kms. How far was he from his house?
A. 10 kms. B. 5 kms C. 40 kms. D. 80 kms. E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 15 km West
Left 20 km South
25 km East 10km East
Left 20km North

4. Shiva walked 10m towards West from his house. Then, he walked 5m turning to his left. After this, he
walked 10m turning to his left and in the end, he walked 10m turning to his left. In what direction is he
now, from his starting point?
A. South B. North C. East D. West E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 10m West
5m Left (South)
5km North
10m Left (East)
10m Left (North)

5. A man walks 30 metres towards South. Then, turning to his right, he walks 30 metres. Then turning to
his left, he walks 20 metres, again, he turns to his left and walks 30 metres. How far is he from his initial
position?
A. 20 metres B. 30 metres C. 60 metres D. 80 metres
E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 30m South
30m Right (West) 50km South
20m Left (South)
30m Left (East)

#Code with KodNest Page | 105

Topic 22: Direction Sense

6. Radha moves towards South-east, a distance of 7m, then she moves towards West and travels a
distance of 14m. From here, she moves towards North-West, a distance of 7m, and finally, she moves
a distance of 4m towards East and stood at that point. How far is the starting point from where she
stood?
A. 3 m B. 4 m C. 10 m D. 11 m
Solution
Journey: 7m South-East
14m West
10m West
7m North-West
4m Left East

7. A child was looking for his father. He went 42 metres in the East before turning to his right. He went
20 metres before turning to his right again to look for his father at his uncle's place 30 metres from
this point. His father was not there. From here, he went 25 metres to the North before meeting his
father in a street. How far did the son meet his father from the starting point?
A. 7 B. 25 C. 13 D. 11
Solution
Journey: 42m East
20m Right (South) 12m East
30m Right (West) 5m North
25m North
√122 + 52 (Pythagoras theorem)
= 13m North-East

8. In the following question, select the right option to depict the correct direction / distance.
Starting from a point, Raju walked 12 metres towards North, he turned right and walked 10 metres,
he again turned right and walked 12 metres, then he turned left and walked 5 metres. How far is he
now and in which direction from the starting point?
A. 27 metres towards East B. 5 metres towards East
C. 10 metres towards West D. 15 metres towards East E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 12m North
10m Right (East)
15m East
12m Right (South)
5m Left (East)

9. If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on. What will West become?
A. North-East B. North-West C. South-East D. South-West
Solution
South West
N

W E
Southeast

East S North

West will become South-East

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10. P, Q, R and S are playing a game of carrom. P, R, and S, Q are partners. S is to the right of R who is facing
west. Then Q is facing?
A. North B. South C. East D. West E. None of these
Solution
S

PR N

QS
P W E R (facing west)
(R is partner)

Q (facing North)

#Code with KodNest Page | 107

Topic 23: Syllogism

TOPIC 23
SYLLOGISM
• STATEMENT:
ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS 100 50
100 50 Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. NO APPLE IS BANANA. 100 50 100 50
✓ ✓ X ✓
2. SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS. U+ ⇒ only + can follow.
50 50
3. SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS.
Since the statement is positive, only
4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES. positive conclusions can follow and
100 50
therefore all negative conclusions (1st,
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE.
3rd, 5th, 7th) are automatically cancelled.
As per the statement, banana 100 is not
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES.
allowed. Therefore, in positive
50 50
conclusions, if anywhere, banana holds
7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES. a value of 100, it will be cancelled.

• STATEMENT:
NO APPLES IS BANANA 100 100
100 100 Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS 100 50 100 50
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
2. SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS. U - ⇒ only - can follow

3. SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS.

4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES. Since the statement is negative, only

negative conclusions can follow and
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE. therefore all positive conclusions (1st, 2nd,
4th, 6th) are automatically cancelled.
As per the statement, all values are allowed.
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES.
Therefore, all negative conclusions follow.
7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.

• STATEMENTS:
1.ALL CHAIRS ARE TABLES.
100 50 The common term TABLE stands
2. SOME TABLES ARE DESK. invalid as it does not hold a value of
50 50 100 in any of the statements.
CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, no conclusion will follow.
1.ALL CHAIRS ARE DESK.

2.NO CHAIR IS DESK.

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• STATEMENT:
SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS 50 50
50 50 Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. NO APPLE IS BANANA. 100 50 100 50
X ✓ X ✓
2. ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS. U + ⇒ only + can follow
100 50
3. SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS. Since the statement is positive, only
positive conclusions can follow and
4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES. therefore all negative conclusions (1st,
100 50 3rd, 5th, 7th) are automatically cancelled.
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE. As per the statement, 100 is not allowed.
Therefore, in positive conclusions, if
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES. anywhere, anything holds a value of 100,
50 50 it will be cancelled.
7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.

• STATEMENT:
SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS
50 100 50 100
Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS. 100 50 100 50
X ✓ ✓ ✓
2. SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS.
Since the statement is negative, only negative
conclusions can follow and therefore all positive
3. NO APPLE IS BANANA.
100 100 conclusions (1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th) are automatically
cancelled.
4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES.
As per the statement, 100 for apples is not allowed.
Therefore, in negative conclusions, if anywhere,
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE.
100 100 apple holds a value of 100, it will be cancelled.
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES.

7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.

50 100

1. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
The common term BOYS stands valid.
1.ALL BOYS ARE GIRLS.
100 50 Since both statements are positive, only positive
conclusions can follow and all negative conclusions will
2.ALL BOYS ARE COWS.
100 50 stand cancelled automatically.
As per the statement, Girls and cows holds a value of 50.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, in the conclusions, they are allowed to hold
1.ALL GIRLS ARE COWS.
100 50 50 but not more than 50 (i.e. 100)
Therefore, conclusion 1 and 2 are cancelled.
2.ALL COWS ARE GIRLS.
100 50 Conclusions 3 and 4 will follow.
3. SOME GIRLS ARE COWS.
50 50
4. SOME COWS ARE GIRLS.
50 50

#Code with KodNest Page | 109

Topic 23: Syllogism

2. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL TREES ARE GREEN.
100 50
2.ALL PLANTS ARE GREEN.
100 50 The common term GREEN stands invalid as it does not
CONCLUSIONS: hold a value of 100 in any of the statements. Therefore,
1.ALL TREES ARE PLANTS. no conclusion will follow.

2. SOME TREES ARE PLANTS.

3.ALL PLANTS ARE TREES.

3. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE DOCTOR.
100 50
2.ALL DOCTORS ARE ARCHITECT.
100 50
3. SOME DOCTORS ARE LAWYERS.
50 50
CONCLUSIONS:
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE ARCHITECT.
100 50
As per Statements 1 and 2, ENGINEER connects DOCTOR connects ARCHITECT. The common term
DOCTOR stands valid. As per the statements, ENGINEER holding a value of 100 and ARCHITECT holding
a value of 50 in the conclusions is allowed.

2. SOME ARCHITECTS ARE LAWYERS.

50 50
As per Statements 2 and 3, LAWYERS connects DOCTOR connects ARCHITECT. The common term
DOCTOR stands valid. As per the statements, LAWYERS holding a value of 50 and ARCHITECT holding
a value of 50 in the conclusions is allowed.
3.ALL ENGINEERS ARE LAWYERS.

As per Statements 1 and 3, LAWYERS connects DOCTOR connects ENGINEER. The common term
DOCTOR stands invalid. Therefore, conclusion do not follow.

4. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE DOCTOR. As per Statements 1, 2 and 3, ENGINEER
100 50 connects DOCTOR connects ARCHITECT
2.ALL DOCTORS ARE ARCHITECT. connects LAWYERS. The common term
100 50 DOCTOR and ARCHITECT stands valid. As
3.ALL ARCHITECT ARE LAWYERS. per the statements, ENGINEER holding a
100 50 value upto 100 and LAWYERS holding a
CONCLUSIONS: value upto 50 is allowed in the conclusions.
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE LAWYERS. Therefore, both conclusions follow.
100 50
2. SOME LAWYERS ARE ENGINEERS.
50 50

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5. STATEMENTS:
1. SOME STUDENTS ARE ACTORS.
50 50
2.ALL ACTORS ARE FOOLS.
100 50
3.ALL STUDENTS ARE BOYS.
100 50
CONCLUSIONS:
1. SOME BOYS ARE FOOLS.
50 50
2.ALL BOYS ARE FOOLS.
100 50
As per Statements 1, 2 and 3, BOYS connects STUDENTS connects ACTORS connects FOOLS.
The common term STUDENTS and ACTORS stands valid. As per the statements, BOYS holding
a value upto 50 and FOOLS holding a value upto 50 is allowed in the conclusions. Therefore,
ONLY conclusion 1 follows.

6. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.NO PEN IS COPY.
100 100 As both the statements are
2.NO COPY IS BOOK. negative, no conclusion follows.
100 100
CONCLUSIONS:
1.NO PEN IS BOOK.

2.NO BOOK IS PEN.

3.ALL BOOKS ARE PEN.

4.ALL PENS ARE BOOK.

7. QUESTION
STATEMENTS: As one statement is positive and one is negative, only
1.ALL MEN ARE BLACK. negative conclusions can follow. Therefore, all positive
100 50 conclusions (5th) stand cancelled.
2.NO MEN IS WHITE. The common term MEN stands valid.
100 100 As per the statements, BLACK holding a value up to 50
CONCUSIONS: and WHITE holding a value up to 100 is allowed in the
1.NO BLACK IS WHITE. conclusions.
100 100 Therefore, conclusion 1, 3, 4 will not follow.
2. SOME BLACK ARE NOT WHITE. Only conclusion 2 follows
50 100
3.NO WHITE IS BLACK.
100 100
4. SOME WHITE ARE NOT BLACK.
50 100
5.ALL BLACKS ARE WHITES.

#Code with KodNest Page | 111

Topic 23: Syllogism

8. QUESTION
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL GIRLS ARE ENGINEER
100 50
2.NO BOY IS ENGINEER.
100 100 As one statement is positive and one is negative, only
negative conclusions can follow. Therefore, all positive
CONCLUSIONS:
conclusions (5th and 6th) stand cancelled.
1.NO GIRL IS BOY.
The common term ENGINEER stands valid.
2. SOME GIRLS ARE NOT BOYS.
As per the statements, BOYS holding a value up to 100
3. SOME BOYS ARE NOT GIRLS.
and GIRLS holding a value up to 100 is allowed in the
4.NO BOY IS GIRL.
conclusions.
5.ALL GIRLS ARE BOYS.
Therefore, ALL negative conclusions follow.
6.ALL BOYS ARE GIRLS.

9. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL WINDOWS ARE KEYS.
100 50
2.NO WINDOW IS LOCK.
100 100
3.NO KEY IS DOOR.
100 100
CONCLUSIONS:
1. SOME KEYS ARE NOT LOCKS.
50 100
2. SOME LOCKS ARE NOT KEYS.
50 100
As per Statements 1(+) and 2(-), LOCK connects WINDOWS connects KEYS. The common term WINDOWS
stands valid. As per the statements, KEYS holding a value up to 50 and LOCK holding a value up to 100 is
allowed in the negative conclusions. Therefore, CONCLUSION 1 follows but 2 does not follow.

3. SOME WINDOWS ARE NOT DOORS

50 100
4. SOME DOORS ARE NOT WINDOWS.
50 100
As per Statements 1(+) and 3(-), DOOR connects KEYS connects WINDOWS. The common term KEYS stands
valid. As per the statements, DOORS holding a value up to 100 and WINDOWS holding a value up to 100 is
allowed in the negative conclusions. Therefore, conclusions 3 and 4 follow.
5. SOME DOORS ARE NOT LOCKS.

6. SOME LOCKS ARE NOT DOORS.

As per Statements 1(+), 2(-) and 3(-), DOOR connects KEYS connects WINDOWS connects LOCK. The
common term KEYS and WINDOWS stands valid. As in the connection, two of the statements required are
negative, no conclusion will follow.

10. QUESTION
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL GOOD ARE BAD.
100 50 As per Statements 1(+), 2(+) and 3(-), GOOD connects BAD
connects ACT connects TEN. The common term BAD and
2.ALL ACT ARE TEN.
100 50 ACT stands valid. As in the connection, ONE of the
statements required is negative, only negative conclusion
3.NO ACT IS BAD.
100 100 can follow.
As per the statements, GOOD holding a value upto 100 and
CONCLUSIONS:
TEN holding a value up to 50 is allowed in the conclusions.
1. SOME GOOD ARE NOT TEN.
Therefore, conclusion 2 follows, 1 does not follow.
50 100
2. SOME TEN ARE NOT GOOD.
50 100

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TOPIC 24
ORDER AND RANKING
1. In a row of 60 cars, car A is 32nd from right end. What is its position from the left end?
Solution
A

32nd

60 – 31 – car A 31 cars.
= 28 cars.

28 + 1 = 29th position
OR
Total cars = Position from Left + Position from right -1
60 = x + 32 -1
⇒ x = 60 – 32 + 1 = 29

2. Radha selected the 27th card from the left in a row of 50 cards. What will be the position of same card
from right side?
Solution 27th

26 cards 50 – 26 – 27th card = 23

23 + 1 = 24th position from right.

3. Radha ranks 16th from the top and 13th from the bottom in a certain examination. How many students
gave the exam?
Solution
Total students = position from top + position from bottom – 1
= 16 + 13 – 1 = 28

4. In a row of 54 persons, A is 35th from left side & B is 22nd from right side. Find the total number of
persons between them.
Solution
A

35th

34 persons 54 – 35 = 19 persons
A
20th right side
B A
⇒ one person between
22 21 20 them

#Code with KodNest Page | 113

Topic 24: Order and Ranking

5. In a row of 54 persons, A is 15th from left side and B is 20th from right side. Find total number of
persons between A and B.
Solution
A B 19 persons

15th 20th

14 persons 54 – 15 = 39 persons

40th
Person between A & B
= 40 – 20 -1
= 19

6. Sahil and Gaurav are standing in a row of persons. Sahil is 12 th from left side & Gaurav is 18th from
right side. If they interchange their position, Sahil becomes 25 th from left. What is the total no. of
persons standing in a row?
Solution
Before
12th
Left Sahil
Gaurav right
18th
After
12th
Left Gaurav
25th
Left Sahil ⇒ Total persons = position from L
18th right +
= position from R
-1
= 25 + 18 – 1 = 42

7. In a school, there are 147 people. The ratio of Girls : Boys is 1:6. Soumya is a girl who stands 15 th
from top of that row and 7 girls are in front of her. How many boys are behind her?
Solution
Girls : Boys Total
(1 : 6)x 147 ⇒ 7 x = 147 ⇒ x = 21
⇒ G = x = 21
B = 6x = 126
7 Girls
14 students
⇒ 14 – 7 = 7 Boys

15th SOUMYA

Remaining boys will be behind Soumya.

126 Boys

In front of Soumya Behind Soumya

7 126 – 7 = 119

21 Girls

Girls in front of Behind Soumya

Soumya ⇒ 21 – 7 – Soumya
7 = 21 – 7 – 1
= 13
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TOPIC 25
CRYPTARITHMETIC
1. If TO + GO = OUT, find the values of T, O, G and U.
Solution
× 0 /1 0
T=2 θ=1
G=8 θ=1

8 9 ×
θ=1 U=0 T=2

0 1 ×
T + G ≥ 10 21
⇒ 2 + G ≥ 10 +81
⇒ G≥8 ⇒ U = 0 or 1 102

8 or 9

2. If THIS + IS = HERE. Find the value of T x E x I x R x H – S

Solution
1 1 1
T=8 H=9 I=6 S=5

6 7×
I=6 S=5

6 7×
H=9 E=0 R=3 E=0

3 5×
1 + H ≥ 10 1 1 1
⇒ H ≥ 9 ⇒ H = 9 ⇒ T = 8 and E = 0 ⇒ S = 5 8 9 6 5
+ 6 5
1 + I + I ≥ 10 ⇒ I = 6 or 7 ⇒ R = 3 or 5 9 0 3 0
1× 5×
2× 6
3× 7 ⇒ T E + I R H – S =?
4× 8× =8x0+6x3x9-5
9× = 0 + 162 - 5
= 157

#Code with KodNest Page | 115

Topic 25: Cryptarithmetic

3. If YOUR + YOU = HEART and 𝛉 = 4. Find Y + U + R + E.

Solution
0 1× 0 1
1 1
Y=9 O=4 U=2 R=6 STEP 1: H = 1
STEP 2: 1 + Y ≥ 10 ⇒ Y = 9 ⇒ E = 0
×5 2 2 6 7× STEP 3: A = 3

+ Y=9 O=4 U=2

H=1 E=0 A=3 R=6 T=8

3 4× ×9 6 7 8 9 ×

STEP 4: Carry 0 Carry 1 STEP 5: Find corresponding values

U+4≤9 1+U+4≤9 of R,T and then remove the
⇒U≤5 ⇒U≤4 repeating values.

5 2 2

9 4 2 6
+ 9 4 2
1 0 3 6 8

Y + U + R +E
⇒ 9 + 2 + 6 +0
⇒ 17

4. If USSR + USA = PEACE. Find the values of all the alphabets.

Solution
0 1×
1 1 1

U=9 S=3 S=3 R=8

×2 3 2×3

+ U=9 S=3 A=2

2×3
P=1 E=0 A=2 C=7 E=0

×1 2 ×5 7
1×

S 1 1 1
9 9 3 3 8
A=S + 9 3 2
1 0 2 7 0

R + A = 0 or 1 0

0 0 0

1 + S + S ≤ 9
1 + 2 + 2 5
1 + 3 + 3 7
1 + 4 + 4 9×

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5. If HERE + SHE = COMES and S = 8. Find the values of all the alphabets.
Solution
1 1 1 0
H=9 E=4 R=5 E=4

4 9×

+ S=8 H=9 E=4

4 9×
C=1 O=0 M=3 E=4 S=8
1 1
9 4 5 4
+ 8 9 4
1 0 3 4 8

6. If NO + NO + GUN = HUNT. Find the values of all the alphabets.

Solution
1 2× 0× 1× 2
1
N=8 O=7

×9 8 ×6 7

+ N=8 O=7

× 9 8 ×6 7

G=9 U=0 N=8

9 × 8 9×
H=1 U=0 N=8 T=2

0 × 0 ×1 × 9 8 ×0 2

N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
× 2N + 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
2N + 1 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
2N + 2 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
θ + θ + 8 ≥ 20 1 2
⇒ 2θ ≥ 12 8 7
⇒ θ≥6 8 7
θ = 6, 7 + 9 0 8
1 0 8 2

#Code with KodNest Page | 117

Topic 26: Seating Arrangement

TOPIC 26
SEATING ARRANGEMENT
1. Question: -
Directions for questions 1 to 5:
Read the data given below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Seven persons P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are sitting in a row facing us. R and S sit next to each other.
There must be exactly four persons between Q and V. S sits to the immediate right of Q.
1. If P and T are separated exactly by two persons then who sits to the immediate left of V?
A. P B. T C. U D. R
2. If Q is not sitting at either extremes of the row, then who among the following has as many
persons on his left as on his right?
A. S B. U C. R D. V
3. If Q sits at one extreme, then who is at the other extreme?
A. P B. T C. V D. Can’t be determined
4. T sits to the right of Q and P is separated from T by exactly three persons. Then, who is sitting
to the immediate left of V?
A. S B. P C. T D. U
5. In how many different ways can the seven persons sit in a row.
A. 3 B. 2 C. 10 D. 12
Solution 7 persons – P, Q, R, S, T, U, V
Right Left

Facing this way

Left observer Right

Data given
I. R & S sit next to each other
⇒ R S or S R 2 possibilities for S, R
Q V
II. Q V
V Q
V Q 6 seats
III. S sits to the immediate right of Q

Right Q Left ⇒ SQ
from I & III information, we get

RSQ [ because S R is not possible ]

Now, merge II information and 7 places available.
Q V
I 2 possibilities.
V Q

Q V
II or or 2 possibilities.
V Q

Now, combine all the data and get more useful information.
Merge R S Q in I and II arrangement & eliminate.
I Q V × R S Q cannot fit in this so neglected.
V R S Q ✔

II Q V × R S Q not possible so neglected.

V R S Q ✔

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Final Possibilities
I V R S Q

II V R S Q

Solution(i) P T
or or
T P
4 places.
This cannot fit in arrangement I. So, take only arrangement II

II P V U T R S Q
or or
T P
Only place left for U, so U will sit in this place.
V U immediate left of V is U.
Ans
Solution(ii) Q is not sitting at end. This eliminates arrangement II. So, think only arrangement I.

I V QR S
3 on right 3 on left
middle person R (Ans)
Solution(iii) If Q sit at one extreme. So, we have to take only arrangement II.
V R S Q

anyone can be sitting at this position. (P, T, or U)

so, we are not sure. i.e., can’t be determined. (option d) (Ans)
Solution (iv) T sits to the right of Q
Right
⇒ T Q
and
P T
T P
5 places
This can only fit in arrangement I but not arrangement II.

I. V U P R S Q T
or or
T P
U will take the only seat left. Ans U.
Solution(v) 3 ways 2 ways 1 way

I. V R S Q

3 × 2 × 1 ⇒ 6 possibilities.

II. V R S Q

3 ways 2 ways 1 ways

3 × 2 × 1 ⇒ 6 possibilities.
Total possibilities = 6 + 6 = 12 (Ans)

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Topic 26: Seating Arrangement

2. Read the data given below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Question: - 7 boys – Rajan, Shyam, Vardhan, Mantra, Vimal, Raj and Kishan are sitting in a row.
Shyam sits to the immediate left to Vardhan and third to the right of Rajan whereas Mantra who sits
at the extreme left, is next to Kishan.
1. Who is sitting to the immediate right of Shyam?
A. Mantra B. Kishan C. Vimal D. Vardhan
2. If Vardhan and Kishan exchange places with each other without changing the rest
arrangement that is already done then who will be sitting to the immediate left to Rajan?
A. Kishan B. Raj C. Vimal D. Vardhan
3. If only Shyam sits between Raj and Vardhan, who is exactly in the middle of the row?
A. Raj B. Vardhan C. Vimal D. Rajan
4. Which of the following cannot confirm the sitting arrangement of all the boys?
A. Raj is to the immediate right of Rajan whereas Vimal is to the left of Shyam
B. Mantra and Raj have two persons between them
C. Kishan and Raj have two persons between them
D. Shyam and Rajan have two persons between them
5. After arranging all the boys as per the conditions given in the data, if Rajan now exchanges his
place with Mantra and Vardhan exchanges his place with Vimal, then how many persons will be
there between Vimal and Rajan?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D. 1
Solution
7 Rajan, Shyam, Vardhan, Mantra, Vimal, Raj, Kishan
Rn S Va M Vi Rj K

Left Right
facing that way
I. Shyam sits to the immediate left of Vardhan
Left S Va
and Rn S Right

3rd to the right

Rn S Va

5 places.

II. Mantra extreme left

Mantra Kishan neighbour.
M K
Combine the 2 data now,

M K Rn S Va

Solution(i) Immediate right of S.

S Va
Ans
Solution(ii)
M K Rn S Va
exchange

Left
M Va Rn S K

After
Exchange Ans

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Solution(iii) Only Shyam sits between Raj & Vardhan

⇒ Rj S Va

M K Rn Rj S Va

Vimal is left
Ans. Vimal (middle of the row)

Solution(iv) M K Rn S Va

(a) Rn Rj Vi confirms the arrangement.

M K Rn Rj Vi S Va ✔

(b) M Rj

⇒ M K Rn Rj Vi S Va
Confirms the arrangement.

(c) K Rj

⇒ M K Rn Vi Rj S Va
Confirms

(d) Rn S

M K Rn Rj Vi S Va (d)is correct option

or or
Vi Rj

not confirmed

Solution(v) M K Rn Rj Vi S Va
Vi Rj
exchange exchange
Va Vi
Rn K M Rj Va S Vi
or or
Va Rj

5 persons in between so answer is 5

Option (c)

3. Question: - Four persons A, B, C and D arrive to attend a meeting. D arrives 10 minutes after B and 20
minutes before A, who arrives 10 minutes before C. Who is the first person to arrive at the meeting?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
Solution A 30
20 minutes
B 0 before A
(-20)
C 40 10 minutes
after B
D +10 (+10)

⇒ B reaches first

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Topic 26: Seating Arrangement

4. Y is in the East of X which is in the North of Z. If P is in the South of Z, then in which direction of Y, is P?
A. North B. South C. South-East D. None of these
Solution
(iii) Z
(i)
East
X Y SOUTH

(ii) X

North
P

Merge them all

X Y

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TOPIC 27
DATA SUFFICIENCY
1. What is the distance from city A to city C?
S1: Distance from city A to B is 60km
S2: Distance from city B to C is 50km
Solution 60
Cannot answer from S1 only A B
Cannot answer from S2 only 50
60 50
A B C C
We cannot answer using both S1 & S2
∴ No conclusion even if they are combined
2. First day of a month is Thursday. How many days are there in that month?
S1: 25th of a month is Sunday.
S2: 5th Saturday of a month is last day.
A. S1 alone is sufficient B. S2 alone is sufficient
C. S1 & S2 combined is sufficient D. Either s1 or s2 is sufficient
E. No conclusion even if they are taken together.
Solution
Using S1:
If 25th of a month is Sunday, we cannot surely say the number of days in that month.
Using S2:
1st day is Thursday. Therefore, 1st Saturday will fall on 3rd day of that month. Second Saturday will fall on 10th
day. Third, fourth and fifth Saturday will fall on 17th, 24th and 31st day respectively. Hence there will be 31
days in the month.
⇒ S2 alone is sufficient to answer.

3. 3XY5 is a 4-digit no, then XY is?

S1: XY is divisible by 23
S2: 3XY5 is divisible by 25
Solution
S1: XY is divisible by 23 XY:23, 46, 69, 92
Using S1 alone, we cannot answer.
3XY5
S2: 3XY5 is divisible by 25
25
Y = 2, Y = 7 (2 values for Y) & X can be anything.
Using S2 alone, we cannot answer.
∴ S1 alone is not sufficient.
S2 alone is not sufficient.
Using S1 & S2:
Common value of Y is 2 and X is 2, 4, 6 and 9.
⇒ Both S1 & S2 together are sufficient

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Topic 27: Data Sufficiency

4. Is a > 0?
S1: (a + b)2 < (a - b)2
S2: 2a + 2b < 2a – 2b
Solution
USING S1: a2 + b2 +2ab < a2 + b2 - 2ab
⇒ 4ab < 0
⇒ ab < 0
⇒ a < 0 , b > 0 or a > 0 , b < 0
∴ S1 alone is not sufficient.
USING S2: 2a + 2b < 2a – 2b
⇒ 4b < 0
⇒ b<0
∴ S2 alone is not sufficient.
Using S1 and S2,
Common solution is b < 0 and a > 0
Together, the statements are sufficient to answer the questions.

5. In a school, 35% girls and 19% boys participated in singing. Number of students in school is 700.
How many boys are in school?
S1: No of boys are more than 200
S2: No of students participated is more than 190.
Solution Total students = 700

Girls(G) Boys(B)

35% of G 65% of G 19% of B 81% OF B

35 19
= G = b ⇒ b must be multiple of 100
100 100
Using S1: B > 200 ⇒ B = 300, 400, 500, 600 but not 700
G: 400 300 200 100
S1 alone is not sufficient
Using S2
Students participating > 190
B 100 200 300 400 500 600
19 38 57 76 95 114
G 600 500 400 300 200 100
210 175 140 105 70 35
>190 >190 >190 <190 X <190 X <190 X
S2 alone is not sufficient
Using S1 and S2
⇒ Only B = 300 satisfies S1 and S2.
⇒ B = 300, G = 400

6. What is the rate of interest per annum?

S1: A sum doubles under SI in 4 years.
S2: The difference between SI & CI on an amount of 10000 in 2 years is 625 Rs.
Solution
Using S1:
By using simple interest formula, we can calculate interest.
Using S2:
Using the formula,
(r/100)2 P = (CI – SI)2 years, we can calculate interest.

Therefore, either of the statements is sufficient to answer the given question.

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TOPIC 28
DATA INTERPRETATION
The pie chart given below shows the runs scored by Virat Kohli against teams of different countries:

New Zeland
16%
Australia
32%

England
20%

Bangladesh South Africa

8% 24%

1. The runs scored by Kohli against South Africa is more than runs scored against Bangladesh by what
percent?
A. 100% B. 150% C. 200% D. 250%
Solution
South Africa Bangladesh
24% 8%
⇒ 3 : 1
2
2
⇒ % more = × 100 = 200%
1

2. If Kohli scored 1875 runs in total, then what is the difference between runs scored against South Africa
and against NZ?
A. 150 B. 175 C. 200 D. 250
Solution
SA – NZ
8
= (24% -16%) of total runs = 8% of 1875 = × 1875 = 150 runs
100

3. What is the sectorial angle (in degrees) made by the runs scored against Australia in the given pie chart?
A. 106.8 B. 109.6 C. 112.4 D. 115.2
Solution
100% 3600
10% 360
30% 36 × 3 = 1080
+ +
36
2% = 7.20
5
32% 115.20

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Topic 28: Data Interpretation

DIRECTIONS (4 – 9)
The following pie chart shows the monthlyRUNS
expenditure of a family on a various item. If the family
spent 825 Rs on clothing, answer the follow questions:

Misc
720
Food
1080
Clothing
360

Savings
540
Rent
900

4. What is the total monthly income of the family?

A. 8025 B. Rs8250 C. Rs8520 D. Rs8052 Rs
Solution
360 Rs 825
3600 Rs 8250
⇒ Total income = Rs 8250

5. What percent of total income does family save?

A. 15% B. 50% C. 10% D. 25%
Solution
54
% savings = × 100 = 15 %
360

6. What is the ratio of expenses on food and miscellaneous?

A. 3:4 B. 3:2 C. 2:3 D. 2:5
Solution
Food Misc
108 : 720
3 : 2

7. What is the average of expenses on clothing and rent?

A. 1443.75 B. 1344.57 C. 1574.34 D. 1734.45
Solution
Clothing Rent
360 900
36+90 126 9 x 4 degrees 36 degrees
Average = = = 630 = 7 × 90 = 7 × =7×
2 2 4 4
825
=7× = 1443.75 Rs
4

8. The ratio of average of expenses on food, clothing, and miscellaneous to the average of expenses on
rent and savings is:
A. 3:2 B. 2:1 C. 1:3 D. 1:1
Solution
Food Clothing Misc Rent Savings
1080 360 720 900 540
108+36+72 12
3 3
Ratio = 90+54 = 8 =4:4
2 2
=1:1

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There are two Pie charts given below. First one shows the participation of all the students in various
extra-curricular activities. Second one shows the participation of all the girls in various extra-
RUNSthem and answer the questions.
curricular activities. Interpret

Craft
Singing Dancing Dancing
22%
21% 24% 20%

Drawing
Swim Singing
16%
16% Craft 28%
25% Swim
Drawing 14%
14%

Total students = 3000 % Break up of girls enrolled in given activities.

Total girls = 1750

9. The numbers of girls enrolled in dancing forms what % of total no of students in the school?
A. 12.35 B. 14.12 C. 10.08 D. 11.67
Solution
20% of 1750
Required % = × 100
3000
350 35 2
= = % =11 = 11.67%
30 3 3

10. What is the ratio of girls enrolled in swimming to the boys into swimming?
A. 47:49 B. 23:29 C. 29:23 D. 49:47
Solution
Girls into swim : Boys into swim
14% of 1750 : 16% of 3000 – 14% of 1750
49 : 96 – 49
49 : 47

11. How many boys are enrolled in singing & craft together?
A. 505 B. 610 C. 485 D. 420
Solution
Boys into singing + craft = total students into singing and craft - Girls into singing and craft
= (25% + 21%) of 3000 – (28% + 22%) of 1750
= 4(300) + 6(30) – 875
= 1200 + 180 – 875
= 505

12. What is the total number of girls enrolled in swimming and drawing together?
A. 480 B. 525 C. 505 D. 495
Solution
Girls into swimming + drawing
(14% + 16%) of 1750
= 30% of 1750 = 3 × 175 = 525

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Topic 28: Data Interpretation

Given below is a Survey of 7 villages. The pie chart shows what percent of total people surveyed belong
to a certain village. The table shows what percent of population of a village is below poverty line. Based on
this, answer the questions that follows.

Village % Below
Z poverty line
11%
R X 38%
S 16%
11% Y 52%
Y Z 42%
15%
T R 51%
21% S 49%
X
V 16%
10% T 46%
V 58%

13. If the below poverty line population of village X is 12160, then the population of village S is:
A. 18500 B. 20500 C. 22000 D. 20000
Solution
BPLX = 12160
38% of Population of X = 12160
⇒ 38% of (16% of total people surveyed) = 12160
⇒ 16[38% of (11% of total) = 12160 × 11]
38
⇒ 16 × × Pop. Of S = 12160 × 11
100
Pop. Of S = 22000

14. The ratio of the below poverty line population of village T and below poverty population of village
Z is:
A. 11:23 B. 13:11 C. 23:11 D. 11:13
Solution
BPL of village T 46% of Pop.of T
=
BPL of village Z 42% of Pop.of Z
46% of (21% of total pop)
=
42% of (11% of total pop)
23
= = 23:11
11

15. If the population of village R is 32000, then below poverty line population of village Y is:
A. 14100 B. 15600 C. 16500 D. 17000
Solution
Pop. Of R = 32000
16% of total population = 32000
⇒ 1% of total population =2000
⇒ Pop. Of Y = 15% of total population = 30000
⇒ BPL of village Y = 52% of Pop. Of Y = 52% of 30000
= 15000 + 2(300)
= 15600

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TOPIC 29
FIGURE & PATTERNS
1.

2.

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Topic 29: Figure and Patterns

3.

4.

5.

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6.

7.

8.

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