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Chapter 2. Oral II

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5 views

Chapter 2. Oral II

Uploaded by

roccosibio6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2

FALL:

Statements: “You said that last time.”

Complete: The idea is complete. “Here, Doctor. In my chest”.

Finality:

Yes-No answers.

Elliptical answers:

Wh- questions: “What did you really want to say?”

Yes-No questions (just to sound more formal, the default tone is


the rising): Does it hurt when you cough? (Insistent fall)

Insistent fall (to sound serious,threatening, businesslike, more


formal): Is the flat for yourself? Will you be living there alone?

Tag questions, insistent fall (we assume the other speaker will
agree with us)

Exclamations

Interjections (words or phrases that express feelings) (a


comment without meaning)

Yes-No interrogatives

Commands

Greetings

Independent clauses
Comments (after the topic)

Closed list (last item)

Adverbials, reinforcing fall (in trailing position)

RISE:

Declarative questions (structure of sentences…


subject+verb+rest of inf…)

Uptalk

Contradict

Independent rises (short responses, encouraging further


conversation)

Encouraging rise (to little kids or to encourage conversation):


“That must be a good book you’re reading.”

Yes-No questions (more formal): “Did it help?”

Yes-No questions in colloquial speech (auxiliaries omitted)

Tag questions

Checking

Pardon-question

Echo question (the same but without respecting the structure of


a question)

Please-repeat wh question “She took a tonga….. She took a


what?”
Independent elliptical questions (tag questions with different
speaker): “I love winter…… Do you?”

Commands (to encourage)

Farewells

Dependent clauses in trailing position.

Open list

Adverbials (in leading and trailing position)

FALL-RISE:

Contrast (implicational fall-rise): “Well I know her face, | but I


can’t remember her name.”

Reservation (implicational fall-rise): Can we fix a date for the


meeting? Well we could try Monday (though not if that’s difficult
for you)

Non-finality (implicational fall-rise): “What did you do next? …..


Well I opened the door…

Tentative (implicational fall-rise): “What shall we have to drink?


…… We could have a coffee.”

Polite corrections (implicational fall-rise): “She’s coming on


Wednesday….. On Thursday.”
Partial statement (implicational fall-rise): “So you both live in
London?..... I do (but Mary lives in York)

Negative statements (implicational fall-rise): “I´m not suggesting


these changes will be easy.”

Warnings, implicational fall-rise

Negative commands

Dependent clauses in leading position

Topic

Adverbials (leading position)

FALL PLUS RISE

1- Independent + Dependent
2- Clause + Adverb
3- Clause + Tag question
4- Greeting + Vocative
5- Emphasis on 2 elements

TONE CONCORD

Both IPs have the same concord when they refer to the same
thing.

LEVEL TONE: Hesitating, doubting, thinking, dictating, trying to


get time.

FALL: RISE: FALL- FALL PLUS RISE TONE


RISE: CONCOR
D

Statements Statements Contrast 1- Independent + Both IPs have


Complete Command (implicationa Dependent the same
Declarative l fall-rise) 2- Clause + Adverb concord when
Command questions Reservation 3- Clause + Tag they refer to
(structure of (implicationa question the same thing.
Finality sentences… l fall-rise) 4- Greeting +
subject+verb+res Non-finality Vocative
Yes-No answers. t of inf…) (implicationa 5- Emphasis on 2
Uptalk l fall-rise) elements
Elliptical answers Contradict Tentative
Wh- questions Independent (implicationa
Yes-No questions rises (short l fall-rise)
(just to sound more responses, Polite
formal, the default encouraging corrections
tone is the rising) further (implicationa
Insistent fall (to conversation) l fall-rise)
sound Encouraging rise Partial
serious,threatening (to little kids or to statement
, businesslike, more encourage (implicationa
formal) conversation) l fall-rise)
Tag questions, Yes-No questions Negative
insistent fall (we (more formal) statements
assume the other Yes-No questions (implicationa
speaker will agree in colloquial l fall-rise)
with us) speech Warnings,
Exclamations (auxiliaries implicational
Interjections omitted) fall-rise
Yes-No Tag questions Negative
interrogatives Checking commands
Commands (orders) Pardon-question Dependent
Greetings Echo question clauses in
Independent (the same but leading
clauses without position
Comments (after respecting the Topic
the topic) structure of a Adverbials
Closed list (last question) (leading
item) Please-repeat wh position)
Adverbials, question.
reinforcing fall (in Independent
trailing position) elliptical
questions (tag
questions with
different speaker)
Commands (to
encourage)

Farewells
Dependent
clauses in trailing
position.
Open list
Adverbials (in
leading and
trailing position)

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