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CellCycleOverview StudentWS CL

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24 views

CellCycleOverview StudentWS CL

biolhy

Uploaded by

samanthali123456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cancer

Overview Click & Learn


Student Worksheet

INTRODUCTION
This handout complements the Click & Learn The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cancer and is intended as a
straightforward introduction to the cell cycle and how it relates to cancer. For a more comprehensive student
handout, please see the in-depth version.

PROCEDURE
Follow the instructions as you proceed through the Click & Learn and answer the questions in the spaces below.

Click on the “Background” tab on the right side. Read the information and watch the videos.
1. Why is cell division important for both single-celled and multicellular organisms?
Cell division is important because it is the sole method of reproduction.

2. Why does cell division remain important to an adult organism even after it is fully developed?
It remains important as cells need to be renewed.

3. Cells divide, differentiate, or die. What is differentiation?


Differentiation is when two daughter cells are produced but then have their own special
functions.

4. What is apoptosis? What is its purpose?


Apoptosis is when the cell purposelly kills itself, this is meant to remove damaged cells.

5. What are cell cycle regulators?


Cell cycle regulartors are molecular signals that instruct the cycle to either stop or start.

6. What happens if cell cycle regulators don’t function properly?


If they don't function correctly, mutations occur.

Click on the purple section labeled “Cell Cycle Phases” as well as the words “Mitosis” and “Interphase” to read
an overview of the cell cycle. You can also click on the various phases.
Mitosis.
7. Cells go through periods of growth and division. Cell division occurs during ____________________.
The rest of the cell cycle is called interphase, during which (use the blank below to complete the sentence)
G1, S, and G2 happen. These periods grow the cell and copy the cell's DNA.

Cell Cycle Updated February 2020


www.BioInteractive.org Page 1 of 3
Click & Learn
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cancer – Overview Student Worksheet
8. Fill in the details about what happens during the three phases of interphase labeled in the diagram.
Increase size of cell, prepare

DNA is replicated, now it has

Cell continue to grow in size


9. In general, what is the purpose of a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
To make sure the cell has no damage and the process went smoothly so cells are fully
functioning.

10. What is the G0 phase of the cell cycle?


a. Which factors determine whether a cell enters G0?
G0 is a resting phase, nondividing. Factors like: type of cell (muscle or neuron), malformed/
damaged, etc...

b. Can cells leave G0?


Yes, they can, (liver and when there are injuries)

Click on “Cell Cycle Regulators and Cancer” in the center purple circle. Read the “Regulators Overview” and
then read through the “Cancer Overview” and watch the videos.
11. What are cell cycle regulators?
Proteins that control the cell progressing through the cycle.

proto-oncogenes
a. Stimulating proteins are encoded by ______________________________________.
CDK-cyclin, APC/C
Examples include: _____________________________________________________
tumor suppressor genes
b. Inhibitory proteins are encoded by ________________________________________.
MAD, p53
Examples include: _____________________________________________________
Cell Cycle Updated February 2020
www.BioInteractive.org Page 2 of 3
Click & Learn
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cancer – Overview Student Worksheet
12. Cancer is the result of an improperly regulated cell cycle. Describe two reasons why cells can form tumors.
1. Cell cycle regulators are damaged and cannot function properly.
2. Too much cell division occurs with too little cell death.

13. In some types of colon cancer, stem cells have a mutation in the APC gene. What happens if the APC gene is
mutated?
Too many of a cell is produced, forming polyps.

14. Normally, proto-oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. What are oncogenes and how do they affect the cell
cycle?
These are mutatated versions of the proto-oncogenes as they cause too much stimulation
putting a risk of cancer.

one
a. To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require _________ allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are
dominant loss
considered ______________________ . The mutation results in a ________ of function.
15. Normally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. How do mutated tumor suppressor genes affect the
cell cycle?
Losing that ability to inhibit the cycle, this causes uncontrolled cell division.

both
a. To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require __________ allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are
recessive loss
considered ______________________ . The mutation results in a ________ of function.

Cell Cycle Updated February 2020


www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 3

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