MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

MOTION IN A PLANE  dx dy
 v  i  j (ii)
Introduction to Motion in a Plane & Projectile Motion dt dt
Equation (i) and (ii), we get
1. The co–ordinates of a moving particle at any time t
are given by x = t3 and y = t3. The speed of the dx dy
 ky ;  kx
particle at time t is given by dt dt
dy dy dt
(a) 3t  2   2 (b) 3t 2  2   2   
dx dt dx
(c) t 2  2   2 (d)  2  2 dy  kx  x
     (iii)
Ans. (b) dx  ky  y
Sol.  x  t 3 Integrating both sides of the above equation, we get
dx
  3αt 2  v x  3αt 2  ydy   xdx
dt
y 2  x 2  constant
Again y  βt 3
dy
  v y  3βt 2  v 2  v x2  v 2y 4. In a projectile motion, velocity at maximum height is
dt
u cos 
(a) (b) u cos 
Or v 2 =  3αt 2  +  3βt 2  =  3t 2   α 2 +β 2 
2 2 2
2
u sin 
Or v=3t 2 α 2 +β 2 (c) (d) None of these
2
Ans. (b)
2. A particle has an initial velocity 3iˆ  4ˆj and an Sol. at maximum height velocity is equal to the horizontal
acceleration of 0.4iˆ  0.3jˆ . Its speed after 10 s is component of velocity which is u cos 

(a) 10 unit (b) 7 2 unit
5. Two projectiles A and B are projected with angle of
(c) 7 unit (d) 8.5 unit
projection 30° for the projectile A and 45° for the
Ans. (b)
projectile B. If R A and R B are the horizontal ranges
Sol. v  u  at
 for the two projectiles, then
v  (3i  4j)  (0.4i  0.3j)
  10
(a) R A =R B

v  (3  4)iˆ  (4+3)jˆ (b) R A >R B

| v | 49  49  98  7 2 units (c) R A <R B
(d) the information is insufficient to decide the

3. A particle is moving with velocity v  k yiˆ  xjˆ ,   relation of R A and R B
Ans. (d)
where k is a constant. The general equation for its
path is u 2 sin 2
Sol: R  (u is missing)
(a) y = x2 + constant (b) y2 = x + constant g
(c) xy = constant (d) y2 = x2 + constant sin 60  sin 90  R A <R B (if u is same)
Ans. (d) as there is no information about u the relationship
 ˆ ˆ
Sol. Here, v=k|yi+xj| between R A and R B cannot be decided.

v  kyi  kx j (i)
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 2

6. Two bullets are fired with horizontal velocities of 50 (a) t1 t 2  R 2 (b) t1t 2  R
m/s and 100 m/s from two guns placed at a height of
1 1
19.6 m. Which bullet will strike the ground first? (c) t1 t 2  (d) t1 t 2 
R R2
(a) First
Ans. (b)
(b) Second
2u sin θ 2u sin(90  θ)
(c) both will strike simultaneously Sol. t1  , t2 
g g
(d) None of these
Ans. (c) 2u cos θ
 t2 
Sol: Since both bullets have the same force being applied g
on their Y component of motion (as both are at the 2usinθ 2ucosθ 2 2u 2 sinθcosθ
same height), both will strike the ground at the same t1 t 2 = × = ×
g g g g
time.
2
7. A body is thrown at angle 30o to the horizontal with t1 t 2  (R)
g
the velocity of 30 m/s. After 1 sec, its velocity will
be (in m/s) (g = 10 m/s2)  t1 t 2  R 
(a) 10 7 (b) 700 10 10. If for a given angle of projection, the horizontal
range is doubled, the time of flight becomes
(c) 100 7 (d) 40
(a) 4 times (b) 2 times
Ans. (a)
(c) 2 times (d) 1/ 2 times
3 Ans. (c)
Sol. Vx  u cos   30   15 3 m / s
2
u 2 sin 2
1 Sol. r
Vy  u sin  - gt  30  -10 1  5m / s g
2
V 2 sin 2
V  Vx2  Vy2  675  25  700 R  2r 
g
( V  10 7 m / s) V2  1
u2   V   2  2  u
8. A projectile is fired at 30° to the horizontal. The 2  
vertical component of its velocity is 80 ms–1. Its time
2u sin 
of flight is T. What will be the velocity of the t
g
projectile at t = T/2
2V sin 
(a) 80 ms–1 (b) 80 3 ms–1 T
g
(c) (80/ 3 ) ms–1 (d) 40 ms–1 1
Ans. (b) 2  2 2  u sin 
T
u sin 30  80 g
Sol.
 u  160 m / s  1
  22  t
2u sin θ 2  80  
T   16sec
g 10 1
 22
t = 8sec Vx =u x =80 3 m/s
 2 times
Vy =u y - gt=80-10×8=0
11. A boy playing on the roof of a 10m high building
 V= v 2x +v 2y =(80 3 m/s) throws a ball with a speed of 10 m/s at an angle of
30o with the horizontal. How far from the throwing
point will the ball be at the height of 10 m from the
9. For a given velocity, a projectile has the same range
ground?
R for two angles of projection. If t1 and t2 are the
1 3
times of flight in the two cases then (g = 10 m/s2, sin 30o = , cos 30  )
2 2
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 3

(a) 8.66 m (b) 5.20 m u 2 sin 2

Sol. R
(c) 4.33 m (d) 2.60 m g
Ans. (a)
u 2 sin 60
u 2 sin 2θ 100  sin 60 R1 
Sol. R   8.66 m g
g 10
u 2 sin 120
(R  8.66 m) R2 
g
R1  R 2
12. Which of the following sets of factors will affect the
horizontal distance covered by an athlete in a long– For complementary angles range is same.
jump event 16. A particle covers 50 m distance when projected with
(a) Speed before he jumps and his weight an initial speed. On the same surface it will cover a
(b) The direction in which he leaps and the initial distance, when projected with double the initial
speed speed
(c) The force with which he pushes the ground and (a) 100 m (b) 150 m
his speed (c) 200 m (d) 250 m
(d) The direction in which he leaps and his weight Ans. (c)
Ans. (b) Sol. R  u2
2
u 2 sin 2θ  R  u 2  R 2  2u 
Sol. R   =   =4
g  R  sin2θ  R1  u 
13. For a projectile, the ratio of maximum height reached R 2 =4R 1 =4×50=200 m
to the square of flight time is (g = 10 ms2) 17. The speed of a projectile at the highest point
(a) 5 : 4 (b) 5 : 2 1
(c) 5 : 1 (d) 10 : 1 becomes times its initial speed. The horizontal
2
Ans. (a) range of the projectile will be
H u 2 sin 2 θ g2 g 10 5 u2 u2
Sol. 2
  2 2    (a) (b)
T 2g 4u sin θ 8 8 4 g 2g
14. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum
u2 u2
horizontal distance of 100 m. The speed with which (c) (d)
3g 4g
he throws the ball is (to the nearest integer)
(a) 30 ms–1 (b) 42 ms–1 Ans. (a)
u
  θ  450 
–1
(c) 32 ms (d) 35 ms–1 Sol. u cos θ 
Ans. (c) 2
u 2 sin 2  45º  u 2 sin(2  45 ) u 2
Sol. R max   100 R  
g g g
u  1000
2 18. A projectile is projected with initial velocity
u  32m / s (6iˆ  8j)m
ˆ / sec. If g = 10 ms–2, then horizontal range

15. If two bodies are projected at 30o and 60o is

respectively, with the same speed, then (a) 4.8 metre (b) 9.6 metre
(a) Their ranges are same (c) 19.2 metre (d) 14.0 metre
(b) Their heights are same Ans. (b)
(c) Their times of flight are same Sol. ucosθ=6, usinθ=8
(d) All of these 2(ucosθ)·(usinθ) 2×6×8
R= = =9.6 m
Ans. (a) g 10
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 4

19. A projectile thrown with an initial speed u and angle Ans. (c)
of projection 15o to the horizontal has a range R. If u 2 sin 2 θ
Sol. H H  u2 
the same projectile is thrown at an angle of 45o to 2g
the horizontal with speed 2u, its range will be It u  2u, H  4H (quadrupled)
(a) 12 R (b) 3 R 24. The maximum horizontal range of a projectile is 400
(c) 8 R (d) 4 R m. The maximum height attained by it will be
Ans. (c) (a) 100 m (b) 200 m
u 2 sin 30 u 2 (c) 400 m (d) 800 m
Sol. R 
g 2g Ans. (a)
u2

R 
2
4u sin 90

4u 
 8R
2
Sol. R max 
g
 400  θ  45  0

g 2g
20. The velocity at the maximum height of a projectile is 1
400 
u 2 sin 2 θ 2  100 m
half of its initial velocity of projection u. Its range on So, H  
g 2 2
the horizontal plane is
25. Two bodies are projected with the same speed. If one
(a) 3u 2 / 2g (b) u2/3g
is projected at an angle of 30o and the other at an
(c) 3u2/2g (d) 3u2/g
Ans. (a) angle of 60o to the horizontal, the ratio of the
u maximum heights reached is
Sol. ucosθ=  θ=60°  (a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 3
2
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1
u 2 sin(2×60° ) 3u 2 Ans. (b)
R= =
g 2g H1 u 2 sin 2 30 2g 1 4 1
Sol.   2 2    
21. A projectile is thrown from a point in a horizontal H2 2g u sin 60 4 3 3
plane such that its horizontal and vertical velocity
26. If time of flight of a projectile is 10 seconds. Range
components are 9.8 m/s and 19.6 m/s respectively.
is 500 m. The maximum height attained by it will be
Its horizontal range is
(a) 125 m (b) 50 m
(a) 4.9 m (b) 9.8 m (c) 100 m (d) 150 m
(c) 19.6 m (d) 39.2 m Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
2usinθ
2ucosθ·usinθ 2×9.8×19.6 Sol. =10,usinθ=5g
Sol. R= = =39.2 m g
g 9.8
2u 2 sinθcosθ
22. A ball thrown by one player reaches the other in 2 =500
g
sec. the maximum height attained by the ball above
the point of projection will be about (usinθ) 2 5g×5g 25
H= = = g=125 m
(a) 10 m (b) 7.5 m 2g 2g 2
(c) 5 m (d) 2.5 m 27. At the top of the trajectory of a projectile, the
Ans. (c) directions of its velocity and acceleration are
2(usinθ) (a) Perpendicular to each other
Sol. T= =2 (usinθ=10 m/s)
g (b) Parallel to each other
(c) Inclined to each other at an angle of 45o
(usinθ) 2 10×10
H= = =5 m (d) Antiparallel to each other
2g 2×10
Ans. (a)
23. If the initial velocity of a projectile be doubled. Sol. At the top of the trajectory of a projectile, velocity is
Keeping the angle of projection same, the maximum horizontal in direction and acceleration is vertical
height reached by it will downward.
(a) Remain the same (b) Be doubled Velocity and acceleration are perpendicular to each
(c) Be quadrupled (d) Be halved other.
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 5

28. A man throws a coin upwards from the gate of a

uniformly moving train. The path of coin for the
man will be (neglecting air resistance)
(a) Parabolic
(b) Inclined straight line
(c) Vertical straight line 2usinθ
(d) Horizontal straight line T
g
Ans. (c)
Sol. The coin has vertical velocity w.r.t man in train.
2  15  sin 30 1
  3
Therefore, path of coin will be vertical straight-line 10 2
w.r.t man in train. T  1.5sec
32. A stone is thrown at an angle  to the horizontal
29. In a projectile motion, the velocity reaches a maximum height h. The time of flight of the
(a) Is always perpendicular to the acceleration stone is
(b) Is never perpendicular to the acceleration (a) (2h sin ) /g (b) 2 (2h sin ) /g
(c) Is perpendicular to the acceleration for one instant
(c) 2 (2h) /g (d) (2h) /g
only
(d) Is perpendicular to the acceleration for two Ans. (c)
instants Sol. For a projectile
Ans. (c) u 2 sin 2 θ
Maximum height h   (i)
Sol. In projectile motion velocity is perpendicular to 2g
acceleration only at highest point to trajectory. 2u sin θ
Therefore, velocity is perpendicular to the and Time of flight T  ... (ii)
g
acceleration for one instant only.
From equation (i) u sin θ  2gh
30. A particle is thrown upward with a speed u at an Put this in equation (ii)
angle  with the horizontal. When the particle makes 2 2h
an angle  with the horizontal, its speed changes to v, T 2gh  2
g g
then
33. Which of the following is largest, when the height
(a) v  u cos  cos  (b) v  u cos  sec 
attained by the projectile is the largest
(c) v  u cos  (d) v = u sec  cos  (a) Range
Ans. (b) (b) Time of flight
Sol. Initial horizontal velocity u x  u cos θ and horizontal (c) Angle of projectile with vertical
velocity at a point where speed v is v x =vcos as (d) None of these
Ans. (b)
there is no acceleration in horizontal direction.
Sol. For a projectile
v x =u x u 2 sin 2 θ
Maximum height H 
2g
v cos =u cos θ
v=u cos θ sec  increase with the increase in angle with horizontal.
So, option (c) is wrong, and range has same value for
31. A cricket ball is thrown with a velocity of 15 m/s at
two angles also for maximum height usinθ will be
an angle of 30o with the horizontal. The time of flight
 2usinθ 
of the ball will be (g = 10 m/s2) largest, hence time of flight   will be
(a) 1.5 s (b) 2.5 s  g 
(c) 3.5 s (d) 4.5 s largest.
Ans. (a)  1 
34. A ball whose kinetic energy is  E  mu 2  , is
Sol. u  15 m / s,θ  30  2 
Time of flight of projectile projected at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. The
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 6

kinetic energy of the ball at the highest point of its vf  v cos 450 ˆi  v sin 450 ˆj
flight will be
Change in momentum
E 
(a) E (b) dP  2mv sin 450 ˆj
2
 2mv
E dP 
(c) (d) zero 2
2 
Ans. (c) dP  2mv
1 37. A particle is projected at 60° to the horizontal with a
Sol. KE  mv 2
2  1 
kinetic energy  K  mu 2  . The kinetic energy at
1  2 
m  v cos  45  
2
KE h 
2 the highest point is
1 (a) K (b) zero
m  v 2   cos 45 
2
KE h 
2 K K
(c) (d)
4 2
KE h  E  cos  45  
2

Ans. (c)
E 1
KE h  Sol. K    mu 2
2 2
35. A ball is thrown from a point with a speed v0 at an u
at max height velocity = u cos 60 
angle of projection . From the same point and at the 2
2
same instant a person starts running with a constant 1 u
K.E    m  
speed v0/2 to catch the ball. Will the person be able 2 2
to catch the ball? If yes, what should be the angle of 1
  K
projection? 4
(a) yes, 60° (b) yes, 30° 38. A water fountain on the ground sprinkles water all
(c) no (d) yes, 45° around it. If the speed of water coming out of the
Ans. (a) fountain is v, the maximum area around the fountain
Sol. The person will catch the ball if his speed and that can get wet is:
horizontal speed of the ball are same v4  v4
(a)  (b)
v0 1 g2 2 g2
 v 0 cos θ   cos θ   cos 60
2 2 v2 v2
(c)  (d) 
 θ = 60 °
g2 g
36. A particle of mass m is projected with velocity v Ans. (a)
making an angle of 45° with the horizontal. When the Sol. Maximum area is when the range of water jet is
particle lands on the level ground the magnitude of the maximum, i.e, when the angle of projection is 45
 
change in its momentum (p  mv) will be:
v 2 sin 90 v 2
R max  
(a) 2 mv g g
mv πv 4
(b) Area  π  R max  
2

2 g2
(c) mv 2 39. A boy can throw a stone up to a maximum height of
10 m. The maximum horizontal distance that the boy
(d) zero
can throw the same stone up to will be
Ans. (c)
Sol. (a) 20 2 m (b) 10 m
Initial velocity (c) 10 2 m (d) 20 m
v  v cos 450 ˆi  v sin 450 ˆj
i
Ans. (d)
Final velocity Sol. Let u be the velocity of projection of the stone. The
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 7

Maximum height a boy can throw a stone is 42. An inclined plane is making an angle  with
u2 horizontal. A projectile is projected from the bottom
H max   10 m  (i)
2g of the plane with a speed u at an angle  with
The maximum horizontal distance the boy can throw horizontal then its maximum range R max is
the same stone is
u2 u2
u2 (a) R max  (b) R max 
R max   20 m [Using (i)] g 1  sin   g 1  sin  
g
u u
40. The maximum range of a gun on horizontal terrain is (c) R max  (d) R max 
g 1  sin   g 1  sin  
1.0 km. If g  10ms 2 , what must be the muzzle
velocity of the shell? Ans. (b)
(a) 400 m/s (b) 200 m/s Sol. The expression of horizontal range
(c) 100 m/s (d) 50 m/s 2u 2 sin      cos 
R
Ans. (c) g cos 2 
Sol. Formula for maximum range is, From identity
R max 
u2 2sin A cos B  sin  A  B   sin  A  B 
g
u2
u 2  g  R max R sin  2     sin  
g cos 2  
Let’s convert R max from unit km into m

Range R along incline is maximum if 2   
R max  1 km 2
 1000 m u2
Now,
So, R max  1  sin 
g cos 2 
u 2  1000  10 u2
 1  sin 
u  10000 g 1  sin 2  
u  100 m/s
u2 u2
 1  sin  
g 1  sin  1  sin   g 1  sin  
Projectile Motion from a Height & Projectile on an
Incline 43. For a given velocity of projection from a point on the
41. An aeroplane is moving with a horizontal velocity u inclined plane, the maximum range down the plane is
at a height h above the ground. If a packet is dropped three times the maximum range up the incline. Then,
from it. The speed of the packet when it reaches the the angle of inclination of the inclined plane is
ground will be (a) 30o (b) 45o
(a) (u 2  2gh)1/ 2 (b) (2 gh)1/ 2 (c) 60o (d) 90o
(c) (u 2  2 gh)1/ 2 (d) 2 gh Ans. (a)
Sol. Maximum range up the inclined plane
Ans. (a)
u2
Sol. Vy2 =u 2y +2a y  yf -yi   R max up 
g 1  sin  
Vy2 =  0  +2  -g   0-h 
2
Maximum range down the inclined plane
Vy2 =2gh. u2
 R max down  and according to problem:
g 1  sin  
Vy = 2gh
u2 u2
ux  u  3
g 1  sin   g 1  sin  
 v   u 2  2gh 
1/ 2

By solving   30
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 8

44. A shell is fired from a gun from the bottom of a hill v x  v x  a x t  30 cos 30  g sin 30 t
along its slope. The slope of the hill is   30 and
3 1
the angle of the barrel to the horizontal   60 . The  v x  30   10   3
2 2
initial velocity v of the shell is 21 m/sec. Then
distance of point from the gun at which shell will fall  v x  15  3  5  3  10 3
(a) 10 m (b) 20 m  v x  10 3m / s
(c) 30 m (d) 40 m
Ans. (c) But, component of velocity in y-direction is zero.
Sol. Here u = 21 m/sec, Hence, v  v x  10 3m / s
  30,       60  30  30
47. Find range of projectile on the inclined plane which is
Range projected perpendicular to the inclined plane with
2u 2 sin  cos      2   21  sin 30 cos 60
2
velocity 20 m/s as shown in figure:
R 
g cos 2  9.8  cos 2 30
= 30 m
45. The maximum range of rifle bullet on the horizontal
ground is 6 km its maximum range on an inclined of
30o will be
(a) 1 km (b) 2 km
(c) 4 km (d) 6 km (a) 55 m (b) 75 m
Ans. (c) (c) 84 m (d) 100 m
2
u Ans. (b)
Sol. Maximum range on horizontal plane R   6km
g Sol. Given that, u x  0, u y  20m / s
(given) maximum range on a inclined plane
a x  g sin 37, a y  g cos 37m / s 2
u2
R max 
g 1  sin   For time of flight

Putting   30 1
y  y0  u y t  a y t 2
2
u2 2  u2  2
R max       6  4km 1
g 1  sin 30  3  g  3 0  0  20t   g cos 37  t 2
2
46. A projectile is projected from the foot of an incline of
angle 30o with a velocity 30 m/s. The angle of 0  20t  4t 2  0  4t  5  t   t  5sec
projection as measured from the horizontal is 60o. 1
What would be its speed when the projectile is For range x  x 0  u x t  a x t 2
2
parallel to the incline?
1
 g sin 37  5 
2
(a) 10 m/s (b) 2 3 m/s R
2
(c) 5 3 m/s (d) 10 3 m/s
1
Ans. (d) R  6  25  R  75m
2
Sol. Component of velocity in y-direction (perpendicular 48. Find time of flight of a projectile thrown horizontally
to the incline) is zero, with speed 10ms 1 from a long-inclined plane which
vy  uy  a y t makes an angle of   45 with the horizontal (Take
 0  30sin 30  g cos 30 t g  10ms 2 )

15  2 (a) 2 sec (b) 2 2 sec

t  3s
10  3 (c) 2 sec (d) none
Ans. (c)
For consideration of motion in x-direction (along the
incline), we have: 2v sin     
Sol. T 
g cos 
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 9

Here,   0;   45 the distance travelled by particle 1 increases as

2u sin  1
T  x1    at12
g cos  2
20 For the second it is proportional to t. Therefore, it is a
So time of flight will be, T   2sec parabola after crossing x-axis again.
10
49. The range of projectile on a downward inclined plane
is ……… the range on upward inclined plane for the 51. A bus starts from rest with an acceleration of 1 m/s2.
same velocity of projection and angle of projection. A man who is 48 m behind the bus starts with a
(a) less than (b) more than uniform velocity of 10 m/s. Then the minimum time
(c) equal to (d) none of these after which the man will catch the bus:
Ans. (b) (a) 4 s (b) 10 s
Sol. Time of flight will be same so range in downward (c) 12 s (d) 8 s
incline will be more as compared to range in upward Ans. (d)
incline because for upward projectile acceleration Sol. Both man and bus will travel for same time t and man
along the incline opposes initial velocity. will cover a distance of (x+48) and bus will cover a
distance of x
RELATIVE MOTION So, 48  x  10t
Relative Velocity in one & two Dimensions 1
&.x=0+ (1)t 2
50. A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it starts moving in 2
the positive x-direction with a constant acceleration. 1
48=10t- t 2
At the same instant another body passes through x = 2
0 moving in the positive x-direction with a constant 96  20t  t 2
speed. The position of the first body is given by x1(t) t 2 -20t+96=0  (t=8sec) is minimum time when
after time t and that of the second body by x2(t) after man catch the bus.
the same time interval. Which of the following 52. A 100 m long train at 15 m/s overtakes a man
graphs correctly describes (x1 – x2) as a function of running on the platform in the same direction in 10 s.
time? How long the train will take to cross the man if he
(x1 – x2) was running in the opposite direction?
(x1 – x2)
(a) 7 s (b) 5 s
(c) 3 s (d) 1 s
Ans. (b)
(a) (b)
t Sol. Case I
t
O O VT  15 m / s, Vm  V

(x1 – x2) (x1 – x2 ) VTM  15  V

100  VTM ·t
100  (15  V)  10  15  V
(c) (d)  10  (V  5 m / s)
t
O t
O Case II
Ans. (b) VTM =15-(-V)=15+V=20 m/s
Sol. As u  0, v1  at, v 2  constant for the other particle  100 100 
Initially both are zero Relative velocity of particle 1  t'    5sec 
 VTM' 20 
w.r.t. 2 is velocity of 1 minus velocity of 2. At first
the velocity of first particle is less than that of 2. Then
53. A particle is moving eastwards with a velocity of 5
m/s. In 10s the velocity changes to 5 m/s northwards.
The average acceleration in this time is
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 10

(a) zero the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150 ms1 with what
1 speed does the bullet hit the thief's car?
(b) ms 2 towards north
2 (a) 120 m/s (b) 90 m/s
1 (c) 125 m/s (d) 105 m/s
(c) ms 2 towards north–east
2 Ans.
1 5 25
(d) ms 2 towards north–west Sol. Velocity of police van  30   m/s
2 18 3
Ans. (d) Muzzle speed of the bullet  150ms 1
Sol. Velocity in eastward direction  5iˆ  25 
Speed of the bullet w.r.t ground  150   ms 1
Velocity in northward direction  5ˆj  3 
Velocity of thief’s car
ˆ ˆ
 5j-5i
 Acceleration a  5 32  5 160
10  192    m/s
18 3 3
 1 1
Or a  ˆj  ˆi  relative velocity of the bullet w.r.t the thief’s car
2 2
25 160 135
 150    150   105m / s
3 3 3

56. A bird is flying towards north with a velocity 40

km/h and a train is moving with a velocity 40 km/h

2 2
1  1 towards east. What is the velocity of the bird noted
Or | a |       by a man in the train?
2  2
 1 (a) 40 2km / h N  E (b) 40 2km / h S  E
Or | a | ms 2 towards north - west.
2 (c) 40 2km / h N  W (d) 40 2km / h S  W
Ans. (c)
54. A small body is dropped from a rising balloon. A Sol. To find the relative velocity of bird w.r.t. train,
person A stands on ground, while another person B 
superimpose velocity  VT on both the objects. Now
is on the balloon. Choose the correct statement:
Immediately, just after the body is released. as a result of it, the train is at rest, while bird
 
(a) A and B, both feel that the body is coming possesses two velocities  VB towards N and  VT
(going) down. along west.
(b) A and B, both feel that the body is going up.
(c) A feel that the body is coming down, while B
feels that the body is going up.
(d) A feel that the body is going up, while B feels
that the body is going down.
Ans. (d)
Sol. When the body is dropped from the balloon, it also
acquires the upward velocity of balloon. So w.r.t. a
person on the ground, the ball appears to be going
up. But a person in the balloon is also going up. So
w.r.t. him the velocity of the body will be zero and
he will then see the body to be coming down.
55. A policeman moving on a highway with a speed of
30 kmh 1 fires a bullet at a thief's car speeding away 
Where,  VB  Velocity of bird
1
in the same direction with a speed of 192 kmh . If
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 11

 VT  Velocity of train. Calculate the total time for total journey if the boat
travels 2 km in the direction of steam and then back
  2  2
VBT  VB   VT to its place:
[By formula,    90 ] (a) 2 hrs (b) 2.5 hrs
(c) 2.4 hrs (d) 3 hrs
 402  40 2  40 2km / hr
Ans. (c)
River-boat & Rain-man Problems Sol. P Q
  
57. A swimmer jumps from a bridge over a canal and V 'B =VBR +VR
swims 1 km upstream. After that first km, he passes a
floating cork. He continues swimming for half an P 
VR
Q
. .
hour and then turns around and swims back to the
 2km 
bridge. The swimmer and the cork reach the bridge at
the same time. The swimmer has been swimming at a  3  2  5kph
constant speed. How fast does the water in the canal
2
flow? t PQ  hr
5
(a) 1.5 km/h (b) 2 km/h
(c) 4km/h (d) 1km/h QP
  
Ans. (d) V'B =VBR +VR
Sol. Let v is the velocity of the man and u is the velocity =-3+2=-1kph
of the water.
2
When swimmer came across the cork, swimmer's t QP = hr
1
relative speed is (v - u + u) = v.
2
1 v T  t PQ  t QP   2  2.4hrs
So, after hr distance between them = 5
2 2
While returning back, swimmer's relative speed is (v 60. A boat crosses a river of width 1 km along the
+ u - u) = v shortest path in 15 minutes. If the speed of boat in
Time taken by the swimmer to catch the cork = still water is 5 km/hr, then what is the speed of the
river?
v 1 1
  hr (a) 1 km/hr (b) 3 km/hr
2 v 2
1 1 (c) 2 km/hr (d) 5 km/hr
Cork traveled 1 km in (  ) = 1hr
2 2 Ans. (b)
Speed = 1km/hr Sol.  VBR  5
58. A river is flowing from east to west at a speed of 5   
V B  VBR  VR
m/min. A man on south bank of river, capable of
swimming 10 m/min in still water, wants to swim 0i  VB j  5 cos θi  5sin θj  VR i
across the river in the shortest time; he should swim: 0  5cos θ  VR (i)
(a) due north
(b) due north-east
 VR  5cos θ 
(c) due north-east with double the speed of river VB  5 sin θ (j)
(d) none of the above
d 1 1
Ans. (a) and t    hr
VB VB 4

Sol. Due north,  VB  4kph 

So that he utilized his maximum velocity in crossing 4  3
So, 4  5sin θ sin θ   cos θ  
the river. 5  5 
59. A steamer moves with velocity 3 km/h in and against   VR  5cos θ  3kph 
the direction of river water whose velocity is 2 km/h.
MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 12

61. Ship A is travelling with a velocity of 5 kmh 1 due

east. The second ship is heading 30° east of north.
What should be the speed of second ship if it is to
remain always due north with respect to the first
ship?
(a) 10 kmh 1 (b) 9 kmh 1
vw v 1
(c) 8 kmh 1
(d) 7 kmh 1 sin    m  or   30
v m 2v w 2
Ans. (a)
So, it is 60o upstream.
Sol. For B always to be north of A, the velocity
components of both along east should be same. 63. A boat is sent across (perpendicular) a river with a
velocity of 8 kmh 1 . If the resultant velocity of the
boat is 10 kmh 1 , the river is flowing with a velocity
(a) 6 kmh 1 (b) 8 kmh 1
1
(c) 10 kmh 1 (d) 128kmh
Ans. (a)
v 2 cos 60  v1  v 2  10km / h
Sol. 10 2  v 2  8 2
62. A man swims from a point A on one bank of a river
of width 100 m. When he swims perpendicular to the
water current, he reaches the other bank 50 m
downstream. The angle to the bank at which he
should swim, to reach the directly opposite point B
on the other bank is

1
Or v  100  64  36 or v  6kmh
2

64. A river is flowing from west to east at a speed of 5

(a) 10o upstream (b) 20o upstream m/min. A man on the south bank of the river.,
(c) 30o upstream (d) 60o upstream capable of swimming at 10 m/min in still water,
Ans. (d) wants to swim across the river in the shortest time.
Finally, he will swim in a direction

Sol. Refer to figure (a) (a) tan 1  2  E of N (b) tan 1  2  N of E

vw 50 1 (c) 30E of N (d) 60E of N

tan     or v m  2v w
v m 100 2
Ans. (b)
v 10
Sol. Finally, he will swim along B. tan    2
u 5

Refer to figure (b)

MOTION IN A PLANE AND RELATIVE MOTION 13

   tan 1  2  N of E (angle with vertical) in which she should hold her

umbrella to save herself from the rain?
65. A boat which has a speed of 5 km/h in still water
crosses a river of width 1 km along the shortest (a) tan 1  0.4  (b) tan 1 1
possible path in 15 min. The velocity of the river
water in km per hour is
(c) tan 1  3 (d) tan 1  2.6 

(a) 1 (b) 3 Ans. (a)

1 1
(c) 4 (d) 41 Sol. Here, vR  25ms , vw  10ms

Ans. (b)  velocity of rain w.r.t. woman: v R / w  v R  v w

Sol. Net velocity of boat in river  52  u 2 Let v R / w makes an angle  with vertical then

distance 1 1 v w 10
t    u  3kmh 1 tan     0.4
velocity 4 5 u
2 2 v R 2.5

66. Rain is falling vertically downwards with a speed of

4 kmh 1 . A girl moves on a straight, horizontal road
with a velocity of 3 kmh 1 . The apparent velocity of
rain with respect to the girl is
(a) 3 kmh 1 (b) 4 kmh 1
(c) 5 kmh 1 (d) 7 kmh 1 She should hold her umbrella at an angle of
Ans. (c)   tan 1  0.4  with vertical towards south.
  
Sol. v r / g  vr   vg 

v rg  v 2r  v g2  16  9km h 1  5km h 1
1
67. A man is walking on a road with a velocity 3kmh .
Suddenly rain starts falling. The velocity of rain is
10 kmh 1 in vertically downward direction. The
relative velocity of the rain w.r.t. man is
(a) 7kmh 1 (b) 13kmh 1
(c) 13kmh 1 (d) 109kmh 1
Ans. (d)
Sol. v 2  100  9  109 or v  109 kmh 1

68. Rain is falling vertically with a velocity of 25 ms 1 .

A woman rides a bicycle with a speed of 10 ms 1 in
the north to south direction. What is the direction