Reporting :

Factors that Lower the Frustration Tolerance :

Frustration tolerance is a person's ability to cope with difficult people
or situations in life. Low frustration tolerance, also known as short-
range hedonism, is defined as the frustrating emotion a person
experiences when a goal is delayed. Pessimistic statements are
common with low frustration tolerant people.
In psychology, frustration is a common emotional response to opposition,
related to anger, annoyance and disappointment. Frustration arises from
the perceived resistance to the fulfillment of an individual's will or goal and
is likely to increase when a will or goal is denied or blocked.

1. Stress -Stress can be understood as the body's natural

response to demands or pressures from the environment. It
encompasses a range of physical, mental, and emotional
reactions that occur when individuals perceive a situation as
challenging or threatening to their well-being. Stress can
arise from various sources, including work, relationships,
financial issues, or major life changes.
Imagine you are a college student with multiple upcoming
deadlines for exams, papers, and projects. On top of that, you are
also working part-time to cover your expenses. You have a
strained relationship with your roommate, adding to the tension in
your living environment. As the deadlines approach, you find
yourself feeling overwhelmed and anxious. You struggle to
concentrate on your studies, constantly worrying about whether
you'll be able to meet all your obligations. Despite your best
efforts to manage your time and workload, you feel like you're
falling behind, and the pressure continues to mount. This
accumulation of academic, financial, and interpersonal pressures
creates significant stress, impacting your mental and emotional
well-

2. Pain
3. John had been in a committed relationship with Sarah for five
years. They had shared countless memories, dreams, and
experiences together. However, one day, Sarah suddenly
informs John that she wants to end the relationship. She
explains that she no longer feels the same way and wants to
explore other opportunities. John is left devastated and
heartbroken. He experiences a deep sense of loss, rejection,
and betrayal. The pain of the breakup feels like a heavy weight
pressing down on his chest, making it difficult to breathe. He
finds it hard to concentrate at work, and simple tasks become
overwhelming. Everywhere he looks, he's reminded of Sarah
and the life they had planned together. Even though he tries to
 distract himself and move on, the emotional pain lingers,
leaving him feeling empty and alone.
4. 3. Drug and alcohol- it affects how our brian process information

which can make a person more irritable or bring forward repressed

emotions or memories that can trigger the anger
4. Recent Irritation – can also be called “ having a bad day “ . It is a little
disturbance that occur during the course of the day .
Ex. Natapunan ka ng kape
, inabot ka ng traffic etc…

PROBLEM SOLVING :
TEN COMMON BARREIRS :

1. A “ yes -but “ attitude

2. Intellectual defensiveness closed to new ideas .

3. Fear of ones ideas being unacdepted

4. Fear of being wrong

5. “ off the wall “

6. Being inflexible

7. Not turning into one’s “ inner Child “

8. Denying that the problem exist

9. Self-pity

10. Bargaining in dealing with the problem

TEN PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES :

DECISION MAKING :
Before making judgement , one must seriously deliberate on the
advantages and disadvantages of a decision by giving possible
alternatives. This is done thru the following .
1. Brainstorming –give individual a chance to present all possible
solution.
2. Nominal voting –prepare guide questions discussion, then get a
consensus on the solution that acceptable to all .
3. Synetics- promote creative thinking
4. Consensus mapping –initiate possible answer
5. Script Technique- distribution of questionares and analyze these
for several rounds
6. Give the Best Alternative Solution – solution on the problem
base on the group decision

Examples of Group Decision Schemes :

Sometimes, groups may have established and clearly defined standards for
making decisions, such as bylaws and statutes. However, it is often the
case that the decision-making process is less formal, and might even be
implicitly accepted. Social decision schemes are the methods used by a
group to combine individual responses to come up with a single group
decision. There are a number of these schemes, but the following are the
most common:
1.Dictorship –
Dictatorship decisions refer to choices made by a single individual or a
small group of individuals who hold absolute power within a government or
organization. In a dictatorship, decision-making is centralized and typically
driven by the desires or beliefs of the dictator or ruling elite, without the
need for consensus or input from other branches of government, political
parties, or the general population.

In a dictatorship, power is concentrated in the hands of one person or a

small group. This centralization allows for swift and decisive decision-
making without the need for lengthy debates or negotiations.
2. Oligrachy
An individual, subgroup or external party makes the decision on behalf of
the group. For instance, in an "authority scheme", the leader makes the
decision or, in an oligarchy, a coalition of leading figures makes the
decision.

3, Unanimity
A consensus scheme whereby the group discusses the issue until it
reaches a unanimous agreement. This decision rule is what dictates
the decision-making for most juries.

4. Fixed decision-
making refers to a process in which choices are made based on
predetermined rules, criteria, or standards, without much flexibility or
adaptability. In this approach, decisions are often made in advance, and
individuals or organizations adhere strictly to these predetermined
guidelines when faced with relevant situations or problems.

5.. Quorum decision-making refers to a process in which a minimum

number of participants must be present or must agree on a decision for it to
be considered valid or enforceable. This concept is commonly used in
various settings, including business meetings, legislative bodies, and
organizational governance structures.

Examples of quorum decision-making can be found in various

contexts, such as board meetings, where a certain percentage of
directors must be present for decisions to be valid, or in
parliamentary proceedings, where a minimum number of
lawmakers must be present to conduct legislative business.
Quorum rules play a vital role in ensuring the integrity and
effectiveness of decision-making processes within diverse
organizational and governance structures.
F. Minimal quorum decision-making refers to a specific type of decision-
making process where the minimum number of participants required to
make decisions is kept deliberately low. Unlike traditional quorum
requirements, which often aim to ensure broad participation and
representation, minimal quorum decision-making focuses on efficiency and
flexibility by setting a minimal threshold for participation.

Examples of minimal quorum decision-making can include small project

teams making rapid decisions to address urgent issues, or emergency
response committees making critical decisions with limited available
resources. In these contexts, maintaining a minimal participation threshold
helps facilitate timely decision-making while still allowing for necessary
input and collaboration.

6. Independent decision-making refers to the process of making choices

or reaching conclusions without being unduly influenced or controlled by
external factors, opinions, or pressures. In essence, it involves relying on
one's own judgment, values, and reasoning to arrive at a decision that is
free from undue external influence.

Independent decision-making can be observed in various

contexts, including personal life, professional settings, and
societal decision-making processes. Whether it's an individual
making choices about their career path, a leader making strategic
decisions for an organization, or citizens making informed
decisions in democratic societies, the ability to make independent
decisions is essential for personal autonomy, ethical leadership,
and effective governance.
 1. Thinking aloud is a cognitive technique where an individual verbalizes their
thoughts as they work through a problem or task. It's commonly used in problem-
solving scenarios, particularly in fields like psychology, education, and user
experience design. The process involves articulating one's thoughts, strategies,
and decision-making processes out loud in real-time.
When someone thinks aloud, they express their thoughts, hypotheses, and
considerations verbally
allows both the thinker and others to understand the thinking process more
clearly.
thinking aloud is a powerful technique for problem-solving, self-reflection,
communication, and collaboration. Whether used individually or in group settings,
it can enhance cognitive processes, promote deeper understanding, and lead to
more effective solutions.

2. Network analysis is a powerful problem-solving technique for

understanding the relationships and dynamics within complex
systems. By mapping and analyzing networks, practitioners can gain
valuable insights into system behavior, identify opportunities for
improvement, and make informed decisions to achieve desired
outcomes.
Network analysis can also help identify anomalies or vulnerabilities
within a system. By examining network properties such as resilience
and robustness, analysts can pinpoint areas of weakness that may be
susceptible to failures or disruptions.

3. Brainstorming is a widely used problem-solving technique aimed at

generating creative ideas and solutions to a specific problem or
challenge. It's a collaborative process that encourages participants to
express their thoughts freely and without judgment
The first step in brainstorming is to clearly define the problem or challenge
that needs to be addressed. This sets the focus and direction for the
brainstorming session, ensuring that participants are aligned in their
understanding of the problem.

4. "Plus-Minus-Interesting" (PMI) is a problem-solving technique

that encourages individuals or groups to explore the positive
aspects (plus), negative aspects (minus), and interesting or
thought-provoking aspects (interesting) of a particular idea,
decision, or situation. It's a structured approach to critical
thinking and evaluation that helps in assessing the potential
outcomes and implications of a given scenario .
Generate Points for Each Category:
 Plus (Positive Aspects): Participants list the positive
aspects or benefits of the topic under consideration. This
could include advantages, strengths, opportunities, or
potential benefits.
 Minus (Negative Aspects): Participants identify the
negative aspects or drawbacks of the topic. This could
include disadvantages, risks, challenges, or potential
drawbacks.
  Interesting: Participants identify aspects of the topic that
are intriguing, thought-provoking, or unexpected. This could
include unique features, uncertainties, potential
opportunities for further exploration, or areas that require
additional consideration.

5, Task analysis is a problem-solving technique used to break

down a complex task or process into smaller, more manageable
components. It involves systematically examining the steps,
actions, and cognitive processes involved in completing a task in
order to understand its structure, requirements, and potential
challenges. Task analysis is commonly used in various fields,
including education, psychology, human factors engineering, and
project management
Ex. The first step in task analysis is to clearly define the task or process
that needs to be analyzed. This could be anything from assembling a piece
of furniture to completing a complex cognitive task.

6, Relaxation techniques are problem-solving strategies that involve

intentionally inducing a state of relaxation in order to enhance
cognitive functioning, reduce stress, and promote creative thinking.
These techniques are particularly useful when individuals encounter
mental blocks, stress, or anxiety that impede their ability to effectively
solve problems.

Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle

relaxation, or mindfulness meditation can help reduce stress and
promote a calm and focused state of mind, allowing individuals to
approach problems with clarity and composure.

7. Synthesizing
1. Gather Information: The first step in synthesizing is to gather
relevant information, data, or ideas related to the problem at
hand. This may involve conducting research, gathering input from
multiple sources, or brainstorming potential solutions.
2. Analyze and Evaluate: Once the information is collected, it's
analyzed and evaluated to identify key insights, patterns, or
themes. This involves critically examining the information to
determine its relevance, reliability, and significance to the
problem-solving process.

synthesizing facilitates deeper understanding and more effective

decision-making, ultimately leading to better problem-solving
outcomes.
 8. Another person perspective
Actively listening to the perspectives of others is essential for
understanding their viewpoint and building empathy. This means giving
them your full attention, withholding judgment, and acknowledging their
feelings and concerns without interrupting or imposing your own opinions.
By stepping outside of one's own viewpoint and actively engaging
with the perspectives of others, individuals can gain valuable
insights, identify innovative solutions, and build stronger
relationships with stakeholders.

9. Values Clarification
Reflect on Personal Values: The first step in values clarification
is to reflect on and identify one's personal values and beliefs. This
may involve considering what matters most in life, what principles
guide one's behavior, and what ideals or goals are most
meaningful.
values clarification is a valuable problem-solving technique that
helps individuals make decisions and solve problems in a way that
is consistent with their personal values and beliefs.
10 Backwards planning
backward planning helps individuals or teams clarify objectives,
prioritize tasks, and develop a clear plan of action to achieve their
goals. This strategic approach to problem-solving can improve
efficiency, reduce uncertainty, and increase the likelihood of
success.
1. Define the Goal: The first step in backward planning is to clearly define the
desired outcome or goal. This could be anything from completing a project,
achieving a specific milestone, or reaching a desired outcome.
2. Identify the End Result: Once the goal is defined, individuals or teams
envision the end result they want to achieve. This involves visualizing what
success looks like and articulating the specific outcomes or deliverables that
will signify goal attainment.
3. Break Down the Goal: With the end result in mind, the next step is to
break down the goal into smaller, manageable objectives or milestones.
These objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and
time-bound (SMART) to ensure clarity and accountability.